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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Paternal Family Tree: Bernicia
Before 572 Æthelfrith King Northumbrians was born to [his father] Æthelric King Bernicia.
In 572 [his father] Æthelric King Bernicia died.
Before 590 Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 18) and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Bernicia. She the daughter of Aella King Deira. He the son of Æthelric King Bernicia.
In 590 [his son] Eanfrith King Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 18) and [his wife] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
Around 592 Hussa of Bernicia died. Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 20) succeeded King Bernicia.
In 603 the Battle of Degsastan was fought between Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 31) and a combined Irish and Scottish army commanded by Áedán mac Gabráin King of Dál Riata. Æthelfrith's army won a decisive victory although his brother Theobald was killed by Máel Umai mac Báetáin.
[his brother] Theobald Bernicia was killed.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 603. This year Aeden (age 43), king of the Scots, fought with the Dalreathians, and with Ethelfrith (age 31), king of the Northumbrians, at Theakstone; where he lost almost all his army. Theobald also, brother of Ethelfrith, with his whole armament, was slain. None of the Scottish kings durst afterwards bring an army against this nation. Hering, the son of Hussa, led the army thither.
Around 604 Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 32) succeeded King Deira. [his wife] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria by marriage Queen Consort Deira.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Around 604 [his son] King Oswald of Northumberland was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 32) and [his wife] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria. He married Kyneburga Unknown Queen Northumbria.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 607. This year Ceolwulf fought with the South-Saxons. And Ethelfrith (age 35) led his army to Chester, Cheshire [Map]; where he slew an innumerable host of the Welsh; and so was fulfilled the prophecy of Augustine, wherein he saith "If the Welsh will not have peace with us, they shall perish at the hands of the Saxons." There were also slain two hundred priests18, who came thither to pray for the army of the Welsh. Their leader was called Brocmail, who with some fifty men escaped thence.
Note 18. It was originally, perhaps, in the MSS. ICC. the abbreviation for 1,200; which is the number of the slain in Bede. The total number of the monks of Bangor is said to have been 2,100; most of whom appear to have been employed in prayer on this occasion, and only fifty escape by flight. Vide Bede, "Hist. Eccles." ii. 2, and the tribe of Latin historians who copy him.
Around 612 [his son] King Oswiu of Northumbria was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 40) and [his wife] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria. He married (1) in or before 630 Rhiainfellt Rheged Queen Consort Bernicia and had issue (2) 645 his half first cousin Eanflæd Queen Consort Bernicia, daughter of King Edwin of Northumbria and Æthelburh Oiscingas Queen Consort Northumbria, and had issue (3) before 15th February 670 Fín Cenél Neógain Queen Consort Bernicia and had issue.
Around 615 [his daughter] Aebba Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 43) and [his wife] Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
In 617 Raedwald King East Anglia (age 47) and his son Raegenhere Wuffingas fought the Battle of the River Idle which took place at the River Idle, Markham Moor which forms the western border of the Isle of Lindsey [Map].
Raegenhere Wuffingas was killed.
Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 45) was killed. [his brother-in-law] King Edwin of Northumbria (age 31) succeeded King Northumbria.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 617. This year was Ethelfrith (age 45), king of the Northumbrians, slain by Redwald (age 47), king of the East-Angles; and [his brother-in-law] Edwin (age 31), the son of Ella, having succeeded to the kingdom, subdued all Britain, except the men of Kent alone, and drove out the Ethelings, the sons of Ethelfrith, namely, [his son] Enfrid (age 27), [his son] Oswald (age 13), [his son] Oswy (age 5), [his son] Oslac, [his son] Oswood, [his son] Oslaf, and [his son] Offa.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 634. This year Osric, whom Paulinus baptized, succeeded to the government of King of Deira. He was the son of Elfric, the uncle of [his brother-in-law] Edwin. And to Bernicia succeeded [his son] Eanfrith (age 44), son of Ethelfrith. This year also Bishop Birinus first preached baptism to the West-Saxons, under King Cynegils. The said Birinus went thither by the command of Pope Honorius; and he was bishop there to the end of his life. [his son] Oswald (age 30) also this year succeeded to the government of the King Northumbrians, and reigned nine winters. The ninth year was assigned to him on account of the heathenism in which those lived who reigned that one year betwixt him and Edwin.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 685. This year [his grandson] King Everth (age 40) commanded Cuthbert (age 51) to be consecrated a bishop; and Archbishop Theodore (age 83), on the first day of Easter, consecrated him at York Bishop of Hexham; for Trumbert had been deprived of that see. The same year Everth was slain by the north sea, and a large army with him, on the thirteenth day before the calends of June. He continued king fifteen winters; and his brother [his grandson] Elfrith succeeded him in the government. Everth was the son of [his son] Oswy. Oswy of Ethelferth, Ethelferth of [his father] Ethelric, Ethelric of [his grandfather] Ida, Ida of Eoppa. About this time Ceadwall (age 26) began to struggle for a kingdom. Ceadwall was the son of Kenbert, Kenbert of Chad (age 95), Chad of Cutha, Cutha of Ceawlin, Ceawlin of Cynric, Cynric of Cerdic. Mull, who was afterwards consigned to the flames in Kent, was the brother of Ceadwall. The same year died Lothhere, King of Kent; and John was consecrated Bishop of Hexham, where he remained till Wilferth was restored, when John was translated to York on the death of Bishop Bosa. Wilferth his priest was afterwards consecrated Bishop of York, and John retired to his monastery [Map]21 in the woods of Delta. This year there was in Britain a bloody rain, and milk and butter were turned to blood.
Note 21. Beverley-minster, in Yorkshire [Map].
[his son] Offa Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
[his son] Oslaf Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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[his son] Oswudu Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
[his son] Oslac Bernicia was born to Æthelfrith King Northumbrians and Acha Queen Consort Northumbria.
Kings Bernicia: Son of Æthelric King Bernicia
Great x 1 Grandfather: Eoppa Bernicia
GrandFather: Ida King Bernicia
Father: Æthelric King Bernicia