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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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King Northumbria is in Northumbria.
In 617 Raedwald King East Anglia (age 47) and his son Raegenhere Wuffingas fought the Battle of the River Idle which took place at the River Idle, Markham Moor which forms the western border of the Isle of Lindsey [Map].
Raegenhere Wuffingas was killed.
Æthelfrith King Northumbrians (age 45) was killed. King Edwin of Northumbria (age 31) succeeded King Northumbria.
In 634 King Oswald of Northumberland (age 30) succeeded King Northumbria. Kyneburga Unknown Queen Northumbria by marriage Queen Northumbria.
On 15th February 670 King Oswiu of Northumbria (age 58) died. He was buried at Whitby Abbey [Map] - see Bede. In 670 His son Ecgfrith (age 25) succeeded King Northumbria. Æthelthryth Wuffingas Queen Consort Deira and Northumbria (age 34) by marriage Queen Consort Northumbria.
On 20th May 685 Bridei III Picts (age 57) defeated the Northumbrian army at the Battle of Dun Nechtain.
King Ecgfrith of Northumbria (age 40) was killed at Dunnichen, Angus. His half brother Aldfrith succeeded King Northumbria.
On 14th December 704 Aldfrith King Northumbria died. His son Osred (age 7) succeeded King Northumbria.
In 729 Osric King Northumbria died. His fourth cousin twice removed Ceolwulf succeeded King Northumbria.
In 737 Ceolwulf King Northumbria Abdicated. His first cousin Eadberht succeeded King Northumbria.
On 5th August 759 Æthelwald Moll King of Northumbria was crowned King Northumbria.
In 765 Æthelwald Moll King of Northumbria was deposed as King Northumbria. Alhred King of Northumbria was appointed King Northumbria.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 19th August 768 Eadberht King of Northumbria died. His son Oswulf succeeded King Northumbria.
In 774 Æthelred I of Northumbria (age 12) was appointed King Northumbria.
In 774 Alhred King of Northumbria was deposed. Æthelred I of Northumbria (age 12) was appointed King Northumbria.
On 23rd September 788 Ælfwald I King of Northumbria was murdered. He was buried at Hexham Abbey [Map]. Osred King of Northumbria succeeded King Northumbria.
On 29th September 792 Æthelred I of Northumbria (age 30) and Queen Ælfflæd of Northumbria were married. She by marriage Queen Northumbria. She the daughter of King Offa of Mercia and Cynethryth Queen Mercia. He the son of Æthelwald Moll King of Northumbria.