Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough

A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'

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Biography of Anne Percy Countess Arundel 1485-1552

Paternal Family Tree: Reginar aka Percy

Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Merbury

1489 Yorkshire Rebellion

1503 Death and Funeral of Elizabeth of York

1509 Funeral of Henry VII

Before 14th January 1478 [her father] Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland [aged 29] and [her mother] Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland [aged 20] were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke and [her grandmother] Anne Devereux [aged 48]. He the son of Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland [aged 56]. They were sixth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 27th July 1485 [her mother] Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland [aged 27] died.

On 27th July 1485 Anne Percy Countess Arundel was born to [her father] Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland [aged 36] and [her mother] Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland [aged 27]. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Yorkshire Rebellion

On 28th April 1489 [her father] Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland [aged 40] was hanged at Cockledge or Blackmoor near York [Map] by the rebels when attempting to collect the tax. He was buried at Beverley Minster [Map].

[her brother] Henry Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland [aged 11] succeeded 5th Earl of Northumberland, 8th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 16th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 7th Baron Poynings. He, Henry, 5th Earl, appears to have become a ward of King Henry VII since he was later married to King Henry's first cousin [her future sister-in-law] Katherine Spencer [aged 12], daughter of Eleanor Beaufort Countess Ormonde [aged 57], probably as a means of ensuring Percy allegiance to the successors of the House of Lancaster i.e. Beaufort and Tudor.

The King then sent an army of 8000 north led by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey [aged 46]. The rebels dispersed; their leader John à Chambre was hanged for treason. The rebels then chose John Percy [aged 30] as their leader. His leadership proved less than reliable; he eventually fled to the court of Margaret of York Duchess of Burgundy [aged 42] (sister of Edward IV and Richard III) who remained sympathetic to the Yorkist cause.

In December 1489 [her brother-in-law] Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham [aged 11] and [her sister] Eleanor Percy Duchess Buckingham were married. She by marriage Duchess of Buckingham. The executors of her father Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland, who had been hanged by rebels during the Northern Rebellion earlier in the year, having paid King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 32] £4000 for the privilege. His father, Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham, had been hanged for treason in 1483. She the daughter of Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland. He the son of Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Catherine Woodville Duchess Buckingham and Bedford [aged 31]. They were third cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

After 1501 [her future husband] William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 25] and Elizabeth Willoughby Baroness Dynham were married. He the son of [her future father-in-law] Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 51] and Margaret Woodville Countess Arundel. They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England.

Before 1502 [her brother] Henry Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland [aged 23] and [her sister-in-law] Katherine Spencer Countess Northumberland [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Countess of Northumberland. She the daughter of Robert Spencer of Spencer Combe [aged 66] and Eleanor Beaufort Countess Ormonde. He the son of [her father] Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland and [her mother] Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Death and Funeral of Elizabeth of York

The Antiquarian Repertory. The Sunday [22nd February 1503]. That Masse done the Lords and Laides went to breakfast and in meane tyme the Corps was conveyd into the Chaire which was eniparralled as followeth:

First all the bayles sydes and Coffers were covered with black velvett and over all along of a prety depnes a Cloth of black velvett with a Crosse of White Cloth of gould well frindged drawn with vi [6] horses traped with black velvett and all the draught of the same.

And when the Corps was in the Chest there was Ordeyned an Image or a personage like a Queene Clothed in the very Roabes of Estate of the Queene having her very rich Crowne on her Head her heire about her shoulders her septer in her right Hand and her fingers well garnished with Gould and precious Stones.

And on every end of the Chair on the Coffer kneeled a Gentleman Usher by all the way to Westminster.

On the fore horse and the tyller ij [2] charriott men and on the other vij [7] horses iiij [4] henchmen in black gowns and mourning hood over their heads every horse having iiij [4] lozengs of the quenes Armes beaten in oyle rolled upon sarcenett with fine Gould and the fore horse having one on his forehead and none but he.

And by every horse there was a man of honour a foot with mourning hoods over their heads and at every corner of the Chaire a White banner of our Lady borne by a knight the banners were all White in token that she dyed in Childbed their wereordeyned and appoynted.

Certain knights and Esquires to go by the Chaire and the horse to beare the banner and every each to assist other whose names followeth Sr Edward Haward [aged 27] Sr Henery Wylongby [aged 52] Sr Thomas West [aged 46] sonne and heir of the Lord Lavarres Sr Edward Darell [aged 37] Sr John Petche [aged 53] Sr George Manners [aged 33] Sr Richard Carew [aged 34] Sr Edward Wingfield Sr William Sands [aged 49] Srr Raufe Verney [aged 48].

Sir John Hodelston Sr John Rainsford William Denton Richard Wingfuld Raphe Dacre Xtofer Wylongby [aged 22] Edward Guilford [aged 29] William West John Gawge [aged 23]

Also their were ordyned viij [8] palferys saddled traped and empelled with black velvett for the viij Laidesof honour to follow the Chaire that is to say the Lady Katherine [aged 23] The Lady Elizebeth Stafford [aged 24] The Countess of Essex [Note. Possibly Mary Saye Countess Essex and Eu [aged 29] although she is believed to have married the Earl in 1512. The previous Countess of Essex Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex died in 1484.] The Lady Harbert [aged 27] The Lady Lucey of Mountagne The Lady Anne Percy [aged 17] The Lady Lisle The Lady Scrope of Upsall.

All these Laides Roode alone in their slopps and mantles every horse led with a man a foote without hood in a demy black gowne The ij [2] Chaire drawn with vi [6] horses trapped with Black Cloth and also covered with the same having iij [3] Charriott men in that Chaire was the Lady Anne The Lady Marquesse The Lady Daubeny and the Lady Clifford following the Chaire the horses empelled with black Cloth The Lady Dacres The Lady Verney The Lady Guilford The Lady Darell The Lady Egrernonnt The Lady Risseley The Lady Petche The Lady Bryan and in like manner the iij [3] Chaire in which was the Lady Gordon The Lady Fitzwater The Lady Monjoy and the Lady Bray following that Chaire Mrs Cromer Mrs Burn Mrs, Stafford Mrs Belknappe Mrs Weston Mrs Anne Browne Mrs Brent Mrs Yon Then iiijth Chaire emparelled as before in the which, was The Lady Pudsey Mrs Catesby Mrs Lary Mrs Tendringe Mrs Florence Bruges Mrs Balstrod Mrs Ffog Mrs Fitzharbert and Mrs Jones in the lyke manner as before was the vtb Chaire apperrelled in the Avhich was Mrs Dany Mrs Skilling Mrs Elizebeth Mrs. ITrancs.

Then after them the honest persons citizens of London on horseback in a great number after them the kings servants after them the Lords Servants in great number And from the foremost horse backward they were C of the Kings servants as Marshells servants yeomen and gromes with mourning hoods over their heads bearing a hundred of staffe torches of pure wax.

Here followeth the ordering before the Chaire through London to Westminster.

First next before the foremost horse of the first Chaire The Earle of Derby Constable of England Before him Garter andthe Maior of London The Queenes Chamberlain in manner between the Maior and the Lord Constable before them the Queens Confessor and Aumnoer and before them in manner as ensueth on the left syde the pression of London Also first next to the Corps the kings Chappell before them the quier of Poules and so forth on the same syde the generall pression of London in their ould Custome that is to say the Crossed fryers the white the Augustines and the black and in the middes as farr fourth as they might strydeing the cannells one after another in mourning habitt ijC poore men ewych bearing a weyghty torch.

The manner of the right syde next before the Confessor and aulmoner all the great Lords after there Estate ij [2] and ij [2] together and next before them ij [2] of the Cheif Judges and Mtr of the Rovvles before them knights of the Garter not lords before them the great Chapleines that be of dignitye as the secretary to the king almoner the Deane of York The archdeacon of Richmond The Dean of Windsor and such other Before them the Aldermen of London Before them all knights before them the squires for the Body before them Chapleines of dignitye before them gentlemen and squires before them The Esterlings before them the frenchmen before them the portingalls before them the Venetians before them the Jannayes before them the Lewknors before them the trumppetts and mynsterells on horseback without their instruments before them the messengers.

From Mark lane to Temple bar by estimation were beyond iiij or v thousand torches set all the street along of the parish Churches in there best manner with Crosses pressions and singing antam.es and orasons envyroned the Corps.

Att fanchers were set xxxvij [37] Virgins all in White linnen having Chappletts of white and grene on their heads eiiych houlding a breningtap of wax in the honour of our Lady and that the foresaid good quene was in xxxvijth [37th] year.

Funeral of Henry VII

On 11th May 1509 King Henry VII of England and Ireland [deceased] was buried in the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map]. Henry Willoughby [aged 58] and Anthony Wingfield [aged 22] attended. The ladies given mantelets and kerchiefs were as follows:

Household of Mary Tudor:

Mary Tudor Queen Consort France [aged 13].

Catherine York Countess Devon [aged 29].

Elizabeth Stafford Countess Sussex [aged 30]. Possibly Margaret Whetehill.

[her aunt] Anne Percy [aged 65] or Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 23].

Elizabeth Hussey Countess Kent.

Eleanor Pole [aged 47].

Mary Brandon.

Elizabeth Empson.

Mary Scrope [aged 33].

Jane Popincourt.

Alice Vaux.

Household of the Princess of Wales Catherine of Aragon:

Catherine of Aragon [aged 23].

Agnes or Inez Vanegas.

Maria de Salinas Baroness Willoughby [aged 19].

Household of Margaret Beaufort the King's Mother:

Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 65].

Joan Vaux "Mother Guildford" [aged 46].

Mary Hussey Baroness Willoughby of Eresby [aged 25].

On 15th February 1510 William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 34] and Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 24] were married. She the daughter of Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland. He the son of Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 60] and Margaret Woodville Countess Arundel. They were half second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 23rd April 1512 [her son] Henry Fitzalan 12th or 19th Earl of Arundel was born to [her husband] William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 36] and Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 26]. He married (1) before 1538 his second cousin once removed Katherine Grey, daughter of Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset and Margaret Wotton Marchioness Dorset, and had issue (2) after 1st May 1542 his fifth cousin Mary Arundell Countess Arundel.

On 25th October 1524 [her father-in-law] Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 74] died. His son [her husband] William [aged 48] succeeded 11th or 18th Earl Arundel, 8th Baron Maltravers, 8th Baron Arundel. Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 39] by marriage Countess Arundel.

Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'

This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.

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On 19th May 1527 [her brother] Henry Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland [aged 49] died. His son [her nephew] Henry [aged 25] succeeded 6th Earl of Northumberland, 9th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 17th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 8th Baron Poynings. Mary Talbot Countess Northumberland by marriage Countess of Northumberland.

In 1530 [her sister] Eleanor Percy Duchess Buckingham died.

Before 1538 Henry Fitzalan 12th or 19th Earl of Arundel [aged 25] and Katherine Grey [aged 25] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset and Margaret Wotton Marchioness Dorset. He the son of William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 61] and Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 52]. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

After 1st May 1542 Henry Fitzalan 12th or 19th Earl of Arundel [aged 30] and Mary Arundell Countess Arundel were married. He the son of William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 66] and Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 56]. They were fifth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 23rd January 1544 [her husband] William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 68] died. He was buried at Arundel Castle [Map]. His son Henry [aged 31] succeeded 12th or 19th Earl Arundel, 9th Baron Maltravers, 9th Baron Arundel. Mary Arundell Countess Arundel by marriage Countess Arundel.

In 1552 Anne Percy Countess Arundel [aged 66] died.

Anne Percy Countess Arundel 1485-1552 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Anne Percy Countess Arundel 1485-1552

Kings Wessex: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 12 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 4 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Royal Descendants of Anne Percy Countess Arundel 1485-1552
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [2]

Ancestors of Anne Percy Countess Arundel 1485-1552

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Percy 11th and 3rd Baron Percy 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Plantagenet Baroness Percy Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Hotspur" Percy 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville of Raby 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Neville 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Audley Baroness Greystoke and Neville 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl March 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa Montagu Countess March

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Burgh Duchess of Clarence 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

GrandFather: Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville of Raby 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Neville 3rd Baron Neville of Raby 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Audley Baroness Greystoke and Neville 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Percy 10th and 2nd Baron Percy 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Percy Baroness Neville Raby 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Idonia Clifford Baroness Percy 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Giles "Payne" Roet

Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster

Father: Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Michael Poynings 1st Baron Poynings

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Poynings 3rd Baron Poynings

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Rokesley Baroness Poynings

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Poynings 4th Baron Poynings 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Grey 1st Baron Fitzpayn 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel Grey Baroness Poynings 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Brienne Baroness Fitzpayn

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Poynings 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Reginald Grey 2nd Baron Grey Ruthyn 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Reginald Grey 3rd Baron Grey Ruthyn 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alianore Strange Baroness Grey Ruthyn 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Grey Baroness Poynings 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Ros 4th Baron Ros Helmsley 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Ros Baroness Grey Ruthyn 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Beatrice Stafford Countess Desmond 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

GrandMother: Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Berkeley 7th and 2nd Baron Berkeley 2 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Berkeley 8th and 3rd Baron Berkeley 3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eva Zouche

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Berkeley 4 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Clivedon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Clivedon Baroness Berkeley

Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Bettershorne

Anne Percy Countess Arundel 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

GrandFather: William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hywel Fychan Brecon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Llewellyn Brecon

Great x 2 Grandfather: Dafydd Gam Brecon

Great x 1 Grandmother: Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam "Star of Abergavenny" Brecon

Mother: Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter "Elder" Devereux 4 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter Devereux 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Walter Devereux 6 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Walter Devereux 7 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Crophull

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Crophull 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Verdun Baroness Hussey 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Agnes Crophull 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

GrandMother: Anne Devereux 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Merbury