The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Archibald Keightley Nicholson 1871-1937

Archibald Keightley Nicholson is in Stained Glass Window Makers.

On 28th March 1871 Archibald Keightley Nicholson was born.

After 9th November 1911. Memorial window to Henry Hall Scott [deceased] at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Lesbury [Map] by Archibald Keightley Nicholson [age 40].

Battle of the Somme

After 1st July 1916. Memorial plaque and window showing Saint George to Captain George Henry Hall Scott [deceased] at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Lesbury [Map] by Archibald Keightley Nicholson [age 45] .

On 25th February 1937 Archibald Keightley Nicholson [age 65] died.

Window at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Lesbury [Map] by Archibald Keightley Nicholson showing Joan of Arc at the Siege of Orléans.