Biography of Bishop Hugh de Puiset 1125-1195

. [3rd September 1189] First, the bishops, abbots, and many clerics came, dressed in purple copes, with the cross, candles, and censers preceding them, all the way to the door of the inner chamber. There they received the aforementioned Richard, who was to be crowned, and led him to the church of Westminster up to the altar with a reverent procession and singing in this manner.

At the front, clerics dressed in albs led the procession, carrying holy water, the cross, candles, and censers. Then came the abbots, followed by the bishops. In the midst of them walked four barons [of the Cinque Ports] carrying candlesticks with candles.

After them came John Marshal (age 44), carrying in his hands two large and heavy spurs from the royal treasury. Next to him walked Geoffrey de Lucy, carrying the royal crown.

After them came two earls, whose names are these: William Marshal (age 43), Earl of Striguil, and

And after them came six earls and barons carrying a chessboard on which were placed the royal insignia and garments

William (age 39), Earl of Salisbury. One of them, namely William Marshal, carried the royal sceptre, on the top of which was a golden cross. The other, namely William, Earl of Salisbury, carried the royal rod, which had a dove at its summit.

And after them came three earls, whose names are these: David (age 37), brother of the King of Scots, Earl of Huntingdon; Robert, Earl of Leicester; and in the midst of them went John (age 22), Earl of Mortain and Gloucester, carrying three swords with golden scabbards taken from the royal treasury.

And after them went William de Mandeville, Earl of Aumale and Essex, carrying the golden crown in his hands. Then came Richard (age 31), Duke of Normandy, with Hugh (age 64), Bishop of Durham, walking on his right, and Reginald, Bishop of Bath, walking on his left, while a silk canopy was carried over them. The entire throng of earls, barons, knights, and others, both clerics and laypeople, followed all the way to the courtyard of the church, and thus into the church up to the altar.

When they arrived at the altar, before the aforementioned archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, clergy, and people, Duke Richard made these three oaths. Firstly, he swore and vowed before the holy Gospels and the relics of many saints that he would uphold peace, honour, and reverence to God and the Holy Church and its ordained ministers for all the days of his life. Secondly, he swore that he would administer right justice to the people entrusted to him. Thirdly, he swore that he would abolish bad laws and corrupt customs, if any exist in his realm, and would uphold good ones.

Then they stripped him of the garments he had been wearing, except for his shirt and breeches. The shirt was, in fact, torn at the shoulders.

Then they placed upon him sandals adorned with gold.

Then the archbishop handed him the sceptre in his right hand and the royal rod in his left.

In prima fronte præcedebant clerici albis induti, portantes aquam benedictam et crucem et cereos et thuribulos: deinde veniebant abbates; deinde episcopi. In medio autem illorum ibant quatuor barones portantes candelabra cum cereis.

Inprimis venerunt episcopi et abbates et cleric multi induti cappis purpureis, præcedentibus eos cruce, cereis, thuribulis, usque ad ostium thalami interioris. Et ibi receperunt praedictum Ricardum, qui coronandus erat, et duxerunt eum in ecclesiam Westmonasterii usque ad altare cum reverenti processione et cantu in hunc modum.

Post illos veniebat Johannes Marescallus, portans in manibus suis duo calcaria magna et ponderosa de thesauro regis. Juxta illum ibat Godefridus de Luci portans pileum regale.

Post illos veniebant duo comites, quorum hæc sunt nomina; Willelmus Marescallus comes de Striguil, et Willelmus comes de Salesbiria: unus illorum, scilicet Willelmus Marescallus, portans sceptrum regale, in cujus summitate signum crucis aureum erat: et alter, scilicet Willelmus comes de Salesbiria, portans virgam regalem, habentem columbam in summitate.

Et post illos veniebant tres comites, quorum hæc sunt nomina; David frater regis Scotiæ comes de Huntedona, et Robertus comes Leicestriæ, et in medio illorum ibat Johannes comes Meretoni et Gloucestriæ, portantes tres gladios cum vaginis aureis sumptos de thesauro regis.

Et post illos veniebant sex comites et barones portantes unum scaccarium super quod posita erant insignia regalia et vestes.

Et post illos ibat Willelmus de Mandevilla comes de Albemarla et de Exessa, portans coronam auream in manibus suis. Deinde venit Ricardus dux Normanniæ, et Hugo Dunelmensis episcopus a dextris illius ibat, et Eeginaldus Bathoniensis episcopus a sinistris illius ibat, et umbraculum sericum portabatur super illos. Et omnis turba comitum et baronum et militum et aliorum, tarn clericorum quam laicorum, sequebatur usque in atrium ecclesiæ, et sic usque in ecclesiam ad altare.

Cum vero perventum esset ad altare, coram prædictis archiepiscopis et episcopis, abbatibus, comitibus, baronibus, clero et populo, hæc tria fecit Ricardus dux sacramenta. Juravit itaque et vovit coram positis sacrosanctis Evangeliis et plurimorum sanctorum relliquiis, quod pacem et lionorem et reverentiam omnibus diebus vitse suae portabit Deo et Sanctse Ecclesise et ejus ordinatis. Deinde juravit quod rectam justitiam exercebit in populo sibi commisso. Deinde juravit quod leges malas et consuetudines perversas, si aliquse sunt in regno suo, delebit, et bonas custodiet¹.

Deinde exuerunt eum vestibus suis quibus indutus fuerat, exceptis camisia et braccis. Camisia vero ilia dissuta erat in scapulis,

Deinde calciaverunt eum sandaliis auro contextis.

Deinde tradidit ei archiepiscopus seeptrum in manu dextera, et virgam regalem in sinistra.

Note 1. [et bonas custodie] Hoveden has here, "et bonas leges conderet et sine fraude et malo ingenio eas custodiret."

. 3rd September 1189. Then Richard (age 31), Duke of Normandy, came to London, and having gathered there the archbishops and bishops, earls and barons, and a large multitude of knights, on the third day before the Nones of September, on a Sunday, the moon being in its nineteenth phase, on the feast of the ordination of Pope Saint Gregory, an ill-omened day, the aforementioned Richard, Duke of Normandy, was consecrated and crowned as King of England at Westminster in London by Baldwin (age 64), Archbishop of Canterbury. Assisting him in this office were Walter, Archbishop of Rouen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, Formale, Archbishop of Trier, Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, Hugh (age 64), Bishop of Durham, William, Bishop of Worcester, John, Bishop of Exeter, Reginald, Bishop of Bath, John, Bishop of Norwich, Seffrid, Bishop of Chichester, Gilbert, Bishop of Rochester, Peter, Bishop of St. David's in Wales, the Bishop of St. Asaph in Wales, the Bishop of Bangor in Wales, Albinus, Bishop of Ferns in Ireland, and Concors, Bishop of Kildare in Ireland.

Geoffrey, Archbishop-elect of York, John, Bishop-elect of Whithorn in Galloway, the Abbot of Westminster, the Abbot of St. Albans, the Abbot of St. Augustine's in Canterbury, the Abbot of Hyde in Winchester, Benedict, Abbot of Peterborough, the Abbot of St. Edmund's, the Abbot of Crowland, the Abbot of Battle, the Abbot of St. Mary's in York, Arnold, Abbot of Rievaulx, the Abbot of Holm Cultram, the Abbot of Mortemer, and the Abbot of St. Denis, who had come on behalf of the King of France, were present.

Also present were William, Earl of Aumale and Essex, Hamelin (age 60), brother of King Henry, Earl of Warenne, John (age 22), brother of King Richard, Earl of Mortain and Gloucester, Robert, Earl of Leicester, Richard (age 36), Earl of Clare, Waleran (age 36), Earl of Warwick, William de Aubigny (age 51), Earl of Sussex, Aubrey (age 74), Earl of Oxford, William (age 39), Earl of Salisbury, William Marshal (age 43), Earl of Striguil, and David (age 37), brother of the King of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon.

Moreover, these barons were present: Robert de Lacy, Nigel de Mowbray (age 43), Roger Bigot, Reginald de Lucy, Gervase Paynel, William de Humet, Baldwin Wake, Robert de Stafford, John,²⁰ Constable of Chester, Jollan de Neville, William de Neville, Henry de Putot, Ranulf de Glanville (age 77), Justiciar of England, Gerard de Glanville, his brother, Gilbert Basset (age 34), Gerard de Camville, and Richard de Camville.

Deinde Ricardus dux Normanniæ venit Lundonias, et congregatis ibi archiepiscopis et episcopis, comitibus et baronibus et copiosa militum multitudine, tertio nonas Septembris, die Dominica, luna xix., festo ordinationis Sancti Gregorii papa, die mala, prædictus Ricardus dux Normanniæ consecratus et coronatus est in regem Angliæ, apud Lundonias in Westmonasterio, a Baldewino Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, ministrantibus illi in illo officio Waltero Rothomagensi archiepiscopo, Johanne Dublinensi archiepiscopo, Formale¹ Treverensi archiepiscopo, Hugone Lincolniensi episcopo, Hugone Dunelmensi episcopo, Willelmo Wigornensi episcopo, Johanne Exoniensi episcopo, Reginaldo Bathoniensi episcopo, Johanne Norwicensi episcopo, Sefrido Cices- trensi episcopo, Gilleberto Rofensi episcopo, Petro episcopo de Sancto David in Wallia, episcopo² de Asfath in Wallia, episcopo³ de Pangor in Wallia.—Albinus episcopus Fernensis⁴ in Hibernia, Concors episcopus Heghdunensis⁵ in Hibernia;

Gaufridus Eboracensis electus, Johannes electus Candidæ Casæ in Galweia, abbas de Westmonasterio⁶, abbas de Sancto Albano⁷, abbas de Sancto Augustino Cantuariæ⁸, abbas de Hyda Wintoniæ⁹, Benedictus abbas de Burgo¹⁰, abbas de Sancto Eadmundo¹¹, abbas de Croilandia¹², abbas de Bello¹³, abbas Sanctæ Mariæ Eboraci¹⁴, Arnaldus abbas Rievallis, abbas de Holm Cultram¹⁵, abbas de Mortemer¹⁶, et abbas de Sancto Dionysio¹⁷, qui venerant ex parte regis Franciæ.

Willelmus comes Albemarliæ et Essesse, Hamellinus frater regis Henrici comes Warennæ, Johannes frater regis Ricardi, comes Meretonæ et Gloucestriæ, Robertus comes Leicestriæ, Ricardus comes de Clara, Wallerannus comes de Warwic, Willelmus de Aubeni comes de Suthsex, Albricus comes¹⁸, Willelmus¹⁹ comes de Salesbiria, Willelmus Marescallus comes de Strignil, David frater regis Scotiæ comes de Huntendona.

Præterea hi barones interfuerunt, Robertus de Lasci, Nigellus de Mumbray, Rogerus Bigot, Reginaldus Lusci, Gervasius Painel, Willelmus de Humet, Baldewinus Wag, Robertus de Stanford, Johannes constabularius Cestrize, Jollanus de Nevil, Willelmus de Nevil, Henricus de Puteaco, Ranulfus de Glanvil justitiarius Anglize, Gerardus de Glanvilla frater ipsius, Gillebertus Basset, Gerardus de Camvilla, Ricardus de Camvilla.

Note 1. Fulmar, Formalis, or Formator, archdeacon of Treves, was elected archbishop by intrigue in 1183, and consecrated by pope Urban III. on Whit Sunday 1186. He never gained full possession of his see, and was, with his competitor Rodolf, deprived by Clement III. in 1189. He then came to England, where he died.

Note 2. [episcopo] Reiner, 1186-1224.

Note 3. [episcopo] Guy, 1177-1190.

Note 4. [Fernensis] Albinus, 1185-1122.

Note 5. [Heghdunensis] Concord, bishop of Euaghduu.

Note 6. Walter, 1176-1190.

Note 7. Warin, 1188-1195.

Note 8. Roger, abbot 1178-1212.

Note 9. John Suthill, abbot 1181-1222.

Note 10. Benedict, abbot 1181-1193.

Note 12. Sampson de Totington, 11821211.

Note 12. Robert of Reading, abbot of Croyland, 1175-1190.

Note 13. Odo, abbot of Battle 1175-1200.

Note 14. Robert Harpham, 1184-1189, was dead. The abbey was represented by William the prior.

Note 15. Everard, 1175-1192.

Note 16. Mortemer-en-Lions. William Tholomeus, 1179-1200.

Note 17. Hugh Foucaut, 1186-1197.

Note 18. De Vere, earl of Oxford.

Note 19. William of Evreux, son of Patrick, 1168-1196.

Note 20. De Lacy.

Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden. 17th April 1194. On the seventeenth day of April, a Sunday within the Octave of Easter, a great assembly gathered in the Church of St. Swithun [Map]. Present were: Hubert (age 34), Archbishop of Canterbury, John (age 44), Archbishop of Dublin, Hugh (age 69), Bishop of Durham, Hugh of Lincoln, Richard of London, Gilbert of Rochester, William of Ely, Seffrid of Chichester, Henry of Exeter, William of Hereford, the Bishop of Worcester, the Bishop of St. David's, and the Bishop of Bangor, together with many abbots, clergy, and laypeople. Richard, King of England, clothed in royal garments and wearing a golden crown on his head, came forth from his chamber already crowned. He held in his right hand the royal sceptre, topped with the sign of the cross, and in his left hand a golden rod, topped with the figure of a dove. On his right walked William, Bishop of Ely, his chancellor, and on his left, Richard, Bishop of London. Preceding them in ordered procession were the archbishops, bishops, abbots, monks, and clerics. Following the king were earls, barons, knights, and a great multitude of common people.

And a silken canopy, supported by four lances, was carried above the king [King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 36)] by four earls: Roger Bigod (age 50), Earl of Norfolk, William, Earl of the Isle of Wight, the Earl of Salisbury (age 18), the Earl of Ferrers (age 26).Three swords taken from the royal treasury were carried before the king: one sword was carried by William (age 51), King of Scotland. another was borne by Hamelin (age 65), Earl of Warenne. The third was carried by Ranulf (age 24), Earl of Chester. Among them, the King of Scotland walked in the middle, with the Earl of Warenne at his right and the Earl of Chester at his left.

Septima decima die mensis Aprilis, die Dominica in octavis Paschæ, convenientibus in unum in ecclesia Sancti Swithuni Huberto Cantuariensi, et Johanne Dublinensi archiepiscopis; et Hugone Dunelmensi, et Hugone Lincolniensi, et Ricardo Londoniensi, et Gilberto Roffensi, et Willelmo Eliensi, et Sefrido Cicestrensi, et Henrico Exoniensi, et¹.... Willelmo Herefordensi, et Wigornensi, et de S. David, et¹.... Pangorensi episcopis; et abbatibus multis, et clero et populo; Ricardus rex Angliæ vestimentis regalibus indutus, coronam auream habens in capite,² processit de thalamo suo coronatus, gestans in manu sua dextra sceptrum regale, cujus sum mitate habetur signum crucis, et in manu sinistra virgam auream, in cujus summitate habetur species columbz et a dextris ejus ibat Willelmus Eliensis episcopus, cancellarius suus, et a sinistris Ricardus Londoniensis episcopus. Præcedebat quoque eos ordinata processio archiepiscoporum et episcoporum, et abbatum, et monachorum et clericorum. Comites vero, et barones, et milites, et magna plebis multitudo, sequebantur regem.

Et pannus sericus quatuor lanceis superpositus ferebatur supra regem a quatuor comitibus: videlicet, Rogero Bigot comite de Norfolchia, et Willelmo comite de Insula Vectæ et—comite Salesbiriensi, et—comite de Ferreres. Et tres gladii de thesauro regis sumpti gestabantur ante regem; quorum unum gestabat Willelmus rex Scottorum, et alterum portabat Hamelinus comes de Warenna, et tertium gestabat Ranulfus comes Cestriæ: medius autem illorum ibat rex Scottorum, et comes Warennæ a dextris ejus, et comes Cestriæ a sinistris ejus.

Note 1. blanks for names of the bishops of Worcester and Bangor.

Note 2. coronam auream habens in capite. It is worthwhile remarking that notwithstanding the political significance given to this second coronation of Richard, it was a ceremony different in kind from the first, and far more in itself analogous to the great crown-wearing days of the earlier Norman kings. The king receives the crown from the archbishop privately (Gerv. l.?S7), and presents himself to the people already crowned and in his royal robes. It is not so much a renewal of his "inauguration" after an eclipse of dignity or even a loss of it, as an assertion that that dignity has undergone no diminution. The day and place recall the Easter crown-wearing of William the Conqueror at Winchester. Gervase was reminded by them of the Canterbury crowning of king Stephen, c. 1588.