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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Cornelius Smelt 1748-1832

Paternal Family Tree: Smelt

In August 1748 Cornelius Smelt was born to [his father] William Smelt (age 58).

On 14th September 1755 [his father] William Smelt (age 65) died. He was buried in the Smelt Family Vault St Mary's Church, Kirkby, Fleetham.

On 2nd March 1772 Cornelius Smelt (age 23) was promoted to Lieutenant of the 14th Regiment of Foot.

On 9th July 1776 Cornelius Smelt (age 27) was gazetted to the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot with whom he saw action in various campaigns during the American War of Independence.

On 6th October 1785 Cornelius Smelt (age 37) and Mary Trant Otley (age 22) were married at Richmond, North Yorkshire [Map].

On 17th July 1787 Cornelius Smelt (age 38), as a captain, was assigned as Deputy Governor of Southsea Castle [Map].

After 1797. All Saints Church, Thirkleby, North Yorkshire [Map]. Grave slab of [his wife] Mary Trant Otley (age 34), wife of Cornelius Smelt (age 48), aunt of Dorothy Smelt Lady Thirkleby (age 47).

Mary Trant Otley: Around 1763 she was born. On 6th October 1785 Cornelius Smelt and she were married at Richmond, North Yorkshire [Map]. On 5th October 1797 she died. She was buried at All Saints Church, Thirkleby, North Yorkshire [Map] on 9th October 1797.

On 5th October 1797 [his wife] Mary Trant Otley (age 34) died. She was buried at All Saints Church, Thirkleby, North Yorkshire [Map] on 9th October 1797.

On 4th June 1801 Cornelius Smelt (age 52) and Anne Hale (age 33) were married.

On 15th June 1805 Cornelius Smelt (age 56) served as Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, which positin he held for life, the longest governorship in the history of the Island.

On 10th August 1826 Cornelius Smelt (age 78) attended a meeting at the George Inn, Castletown, there being present some of the highest officials then residing in Castletown, Chairman of the meeting being Colonel Mark Wilks. At the meeting a resolution was passed to commission a portrait of Governor Smelt by Thomas Barber (age 55). The portrait was purchased by Captain Caesar Bacon, husband of Smelt's daughter, and was placed in his home at Seafield, Santon. The portrait stayed in the family until 1925 when it was presented to the Manx Museum.

In 28th November 1832 Cornelius Smelt (age 84) died in office at Castle Rushen [Map]. He was buried under the altar at St Mary's Church, Castletown [Map].

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

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On 5th December 1853 [his former wife] Anne Hale (age 85) died.

Around 1985 St Mary's Church, Castletown [Map] was deconsecrated. The remains of Cornelius Smelt were exhumed and reinterred in the Bacon family vault alongside his daughter at St Peter's Church in Onchan.

Royal Ancestors of Cornelius Smelt 1748-1832

Kings Wessex: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 25 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 20 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 12 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 18 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks

Kings France: Great x 22 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 26 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Cornelius Smelt 1748-1832

GrandFather: Leonard Smelt

Father: William Smelt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Frankland

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Frankland of Thirkelby in Yorkshire

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Frankland 1st Baronet

GrandMother: Grace Frankland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Belasyse 1st Baronet 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Belasyse 1st Viscount Fauconberg 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ursula Fairfax

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Belasyse 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Cholmley 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Barbara Cholmley 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Babthorpe 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Arabella Belasyse Lady Thirkleby 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Barton of Smithells in Lancashire

Great x 2 Grandmother: Grace Barton

Cornelius Smelt 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England