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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Chaplin
On 15th November 1876 [her father] Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 35) and [her mother] Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower (age 21) were married at Trentham, Staffordshire. She the daughter of [her grandfather] George Leveson-Gower 3rd Duke Sutherland (age 47) and [her grandmother] Anne Hay Mackenzie Duchess Sutherland (age 47).
On 3rd December 1878 Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry was born to [her father] Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 37) and [her mother] Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower (age 23).
On 8th October 1881 [her sister] Florence Chaplin was born to [her father] Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 40) and [her mother] Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower (age 26). Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower died from childbirth two days later. She was buried in the churchyard of St Oswald's Church, Blankney. Her husband's account of her last days .... Lady Florence's second daughter was born on Saturday, and her birth was followed by convulsions from which she never recovered consciousness. Through the night Dr. Brook and her husband watched by her, and on Sunday there was a slight improvement which continued throughout the day. "At that time ", says Mr. Chaplin," my spirit had revived, and I allowed myself, foolishly perhaps, to become quite sanguine—only, alas, to be bitterly disappointed." On Sunday evening the breathing again became more rapid, and on Monday afternoon "my darling passed away, with her head resting on my shoulder, and with the most beautiful expression on her face as she died".
On 28th November 1899 Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 21) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 20) were married. He the son of Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess Londonderry (age 47) and Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot Marchioness Londonderry (age 43).
In or after 1900. Frederick John Jenkins (age 28). Heliograph of Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 21).
On 25th January 1902 Giles Fox-Strangways 6th Earl of Ilchester (age 27) and [her sister-in-law] Helen Vane-Tempest-Stewart Countess Ilchester (age 25) were married. She the daughter of [her father-in-law] Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess Londonderry (age 49) and [her mother-in-law] Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot Marchioness Londonderry (age 45). He the son of Henry Edward Fox-Strangways 5th Earl of Ilchester (age 54).
On 19th November 1902 [her son] Edward Vane-Tempest-Stewart 8th Marquess of Londonderry was born to [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 24) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 23). He married 31st October 1931 Romaine Combe and had issue.
On 3rd August 1905 [her brother] Eric Chaplin 2nd Viscount Chaplin (age 27) and [her sister-in-law] Gwladys Alice Wilson Viscountess Chaplin (age 24) were married at Warter Hall aka Priory [Map].
On 6th December 1905 Henry Edward Fox-Strangways 5th Earl of Ilchester (age 58) died. His son Giles (age 31) succeeded 6th Earl Ilchester, 6th Baron Ilchester and Stavordale of Redlynch in Somerset, 6th Baron Strangways of Woodford in Dorset, 6th Baron Ilchester of Ilchester in Somerset. [her sister-in-law] Helen Vane-Tempest-Stewart Countess Ilchester (age 29) by marriage Countess Ilchester.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In 1911 [her daughter] Helen Maglona Vane-Tempest-Stewart was born to [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 32) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 32). She married 1935 Edward Jessel 2nd Baronet Jessel, son of Herbet Merton Jessel 1st Baron Jessel.
1913. Philip de László (age 43). Portrait of Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 34).
On 8th February 1915 [her father-in-law] Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess Londonderry (age 62) died. His son [her husband] Charles (age 36) succeeded 7th Marquess Londonderry. Memorial at St Mary's Church, Long Newton [Map].
In 1916 [her father] Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 75) was created 1st Viscount Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire.
1918. Philip de László (age 48). Portrait of Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 39) widowed.
26th October 1918. Bassano Ltd. Photograph of Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 39)
In 1919 [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 40) was appointed 861st Knight of the Garter.
On 25th March 1921 [her daughter] Mary Elizabeth "Mairi" Bury Vane-Tempest-Stewart was born to [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 42) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 42). She married 10th December 1940 Derek Keppel, son of Walter Keppel 9th Earl Albermarle and Judith Sydney Myee Wynn-Carington, and had issue.
On 29th May 1923 [her father] Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin (age 82) died. He was buried at St Oswald's Church, Blankney next to his wife. His son [her brother] Eric (age 45) succeeded 2nd Viscount Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire. [her sister-in-law] Gwladys Alice Wilson Viscountess Chaplin (age 42) by marriage Viscountess Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire.
Eric Chaplin 2nd Viscount Chaplin: On 27th September 1877 he was born to Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin and Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower. On 3rd August 1905 Eric Chaplin 2nd Viscount Chaplin and Gwladys Alice Wilson Viscountess Chaplin were married at Warter Hall aka Priory [Map]. On 12th September 1949 Eric Chaplin 2nd Viscount Chaplin died. His son Anthony succeeded 3rd Viscount Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire. Alvilde Bridges Viscountess Chaplin by marriage Viscountess Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire.
Gwladys Alice Wilson Viscountess Chaplin: In 1881 she was born to Charles Henry Wilson 1st Baron Nunburnholme and Florence Jane Helen Wellesley Baroness Nunburnholme. In 1971 Gwladys Alice Wilson Viscountess Chaplin died.
Henry Chaplin A Memoir: Preface. PREFACE
It had always been my father's wish that some account should be made public of the part he had taken in the spheres of politics and sport. For this purpose certain letters and memoranda are extant— the latter in many cases dictated by himself, and from time to time amplified. A selection of this material has accordingly been prepared.
In presenting this record of the events of a long life, I must, in the first place, acknowledge with dutiful thanks the gracious permission of H.M. the King to publish certain letters written to my father by His late Majesty King Edward VII. and Her late Majesty Queen Alexandra.
Next, I must express my warm sense of obligation to many helpers. I am deeply indebted to my friend, Miss Rose Bradley, for the time and trouble she has so generously bestowed, not only in the co-ordination of the documents bequeathed by my father, but in the preparation of part of the narrative. An old friend of my father and myself, whose desire for anonymity I am bound to respect, is responsible for the section on Racing. My friend, Mr. John Buchan, has given me invaluable assistance in various sections, and has supervised with me the arrangement of the book.
For other services most kindly rendered by [her aunt] Helen Countess of Radnor (age 79), the Duke of Portland (age 68), Lord Lonsdale, Lord Charles Bentinck, Mr. Ernest Chaplin, Lieut.-Col. Charles Brook, Major E. C. Ellice, Sir Theodore Cook, Colonel A. Macauley, Mr. W. Danby, and Mr. Golding, I beg to express my sincere thanks.
I hope that this tribute of a daughter to the memory of her father may meet with some measure of approval from his many friends, and from the still wider circle to which for so many years he was a familiar figure.
E. LONDONDERRY (age 47).
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Henry Chaplin A Memoir. [her father] Henry Chaplin. A Memoir. Prepared by his daughter The Marchioness of Londonderry (age 47). 1926.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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1927. Philip de László (age 57). Portrait of Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 48).
In or before 1930. Ellis William Roberts (age 69). Portrait Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 51).
On 31st October 1931 [her son] Edward Vane-Tempest-Stewart 8th Marquess of Londonderry (age 28) and [her daughter-in-law] Romaine Combe were married at St Martin in the Fields Church [Map]. He the son of [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 53) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 52).
In 1935 [her son-in-law] Edward Jessel 2nd Baronet Jessel (age 30) and [her daughter] Helen Maglona Vane-Tempest-Stewart (age 24) were married. She the daughter of [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 56) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 56).
On 10th December 1940 [her son-in-law] Derek Keppel (age 28) and [her daughter] Mary Elizabeth "Mairi" Bury Vane-Tempest-Stewart (age 19) were married. She the daughter of [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 62) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 62). He the son of Walter Keppel 9th Earl Albermarle (age 58) and Judith Sydney Myee Wynn-Carington.
On 11th February 1949 [her husband] Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 70) died. His son [her son] Edward (age 46) succeeded 8th Marquess Londonderry.
On 12th September 1949 [her brother] Eric Chaplin 2nd Viscount Chaplin (age 71) died. His son [her nephew] Anthony succeeded 3rd Viscount Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire. Alvilde Bridges Viscountess Chaplin (age 40) by marriage Viscountess Chaplin of Saint Oswald's in Blankney in Lincolnshire.
On 17th October 1955 [her son] Edward Vane-Tempest-Stewart 8th Marquess of Londonderry (age 52) died. His son [her grandson] Alistair (age 18) succeeded 9th Marquess Londonderry.
On 23rd April 1959 Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 80) died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 27 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 12 Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 29 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Chaplin 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Chaplin of Blankney
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Chaplin 16 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Andrew Archer 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Diana Archer 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dashwood 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Chaplin 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Cecil 6th Earl Exeter 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: Brownlow Cecil 8th Earl Exeter 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Brownlow Countess Exeter 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cecil 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
GrandFather: Reverend Henry Chaplin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Taylor of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Taylor
Father: Henry Chaplin 1st Viscount Chaplin 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: Alexander Ellice
Great x 1 Grandfather: William Ellice of Invergarry
GrandMother: Caroline Horatia Ellice
Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Marquess Stafford 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Evelyn Pierrepont Baroness Gower 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Duke Sutherland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Scroop Egerton 1st Duke Bridgewater 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Louisa Egerton Countess Gower 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Rachel Russell Duchess Bridgewater 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: George Sutherland Leveson-Gower 2nd Duke Sutherland 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Sutherland 17th Earl Sutherland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Sutherland 18th Earl Sutherland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Wemyss Countess Sutherland 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sutherland Duchess Sutherland 19th Countess Sutherland 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
GrandFather: George Leveson-Gower 3rd Duke Sutherland 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Howard 4th Earl Carlisle 
10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Howard 5th Earl Carlisle 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Byron Countess Carlisle 
12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Howard 6th Earl Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Marquess Stafford 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower Countess Carlisle 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Louisa Egerton Countess Gower 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 1 Grandmother: Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Howard Duchess Sutherland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cavendish 4th Duke Devonshire 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry IV of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Cavendish 5th Duke Devonshire 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle Marchioness Hartington 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Georgiana Cavendish Countess Carlisle 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Spencer 1st Earl Spencer 
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Georgiana Spencer Duchess Devonshire 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Georgiana Poyntz Countess Spencer 
11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Mother: Florence Sutherland Leveson-Gower 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Hay Mackenzie of Newhall and Cromarty
GrandMother: Anne Hay Mackenzie Duchess Sutherland