The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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In July 1856 [her father] Abraham Pullen [aged 22] and [her mother] Sarah Eagle [aged 23] were married.
On 20th November 1865 Edith Ellen Pullen was born to [her father] Abraham Pullen [aged 31] and [her mother] Sarah Eagle [aged 32].
In or before 1879 [her mother] Sarah Eagle [aged 45] died. See Leighton Biography.
1888. [her future husband] Herbert Gustav Schmalz aka Carmichael [aged 31]. "Imogen". Probably modelled by future wife, Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 22].
1889. [her future husband] Herbert Gustav Schmalz aka Carmichael [aged 32]. "A Fair Beuaty". Probably a portrait of his wife, or future wife, Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 23].
On or after 24th April 1889, the date of the licence, Herbert Gustav Schmalz aka Carmichael [aged 32] and Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 23] were married.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. "Memories". Model Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 29].
In 1900 Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 34] died.
On 24th November 1935 [her former husband] Herbert Gustav Schmalz aka Carmichael [aged 79] died.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Frederick Leighton Biography. Meanwhile four of these beautiful children became useful to him as models. From the second daughter [Edith Ellen Pullen], who afterwards married an artist, Leighton painted "Memories," reproduced here; from the third, [her sister] Hetty, he painted "Simœtha the Sorceress" and "Farewell"; but it was the youngest, Lina, quite a small child, who delighted him most, and who had a rare, refined charm which must have captivated any child-lover. She took the place of little Connie Gilchrist of the "Cleobouline," the "Music Lesson," and other of the earlier paintings, in the later pictures. She sat for "Sister's Kiss," "The Light of the Harem," "Letty," the sleeping group in "Cymon and Iphigenia," "Kittens," in the friezes "The Dance" and "Music," and "A little girl with golden hair and pale blue eyes" -
"Yellow and pale as ripened corn
Which Autumn's kiss frees—grain from sheath
Such was her hair, while her eyes beneath,
Showed Spring's faint violets freshly born."
Robert Browning.