The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Montagu
Maternal Family Tree: Dorothy Giffard 1490-1571
On 21st September 1585 [her father] Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 22] and Elizabeth Jeffrey [aged 17] were married at Weekley, Northamptonshire.
On 24th February 1612 [her father] Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 49] and [her mother] Frances Cotton [aged 34] were married at Weekley, Northamptonshire.
Around 1614 Frances Montagu Countess Rutland was born to [her father] Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 51] and [her mother] Frances Cotton [aged 36] at Boughton House.
In May 1620 [her mother] Frances Cotton [aged 42] died.
After 23rd April 1623. Monument to George Manners [deceased] and [her future mother-in-law] Grace Pierrepont [aged 48] at All Saint's Church, Bakewell, Derbyshire [Map]. Stuart Kneeling monument representing them and their nine children, four boys (one died an infant) on the left, five girls on the right.
The armorials include:
Manners Augmented Arms Manners Augmented with a Crescent difference.




Their daughter Dorothy Manners [aged 13] married Thomas Lake [aged 28].
Their daughter Frances [aged 23] was married to Nicholas Saunderson 2nd Viscount Castleton.
Their daughter Eleanor [aged 23] was married to Lewis Watson 1st Baron Rockingham [aged 35].
On 16th February 1625 [her father] Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 62] and [her step-mother] Anne Crouch Baroness Montagu [aged 52] were married. She by marriage Baroness Montagu of Boughton in Northamptonshire.
On 22nd November 1626 [her brother-in-law] Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey [aged 43] was created 1st Earl Lindsey. [her half-sister] Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey by marriage Countess Lindsey.
Before 2nd June 1629 John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 24] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 15] were married.
On 2nd December 1630 [her daughter] Frances Manners Countess Exeter was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 26] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 16]. She married before 1648 her half sixth cousin John Cecil 4th Earl Exeter, son of David Cecil 3rd Earl Exeter and Elizabeth Egerton Countess Exeter, and had issue.
Around 1632 [her daughter] Grace Manners was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 27] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 18].
After 1633 and before 24th December 1638 [her brother] Edward Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu [aged 16] and [her sister-in-law] Anne Winwood [aged 18] were married.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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On 29th May 1638 [her son] John Manners 1st Duke Rutland was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 33] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 24] at Boughton, Northamptonshire. He married (1) 15th July 1658 his second cousin Anne Pierrepont, daughter of Henry Pierrepont 1st Marquess Dorchester and Cecilia Bayning (2) 10th November 1671 his third cousin once removed Diana Bruce, daughter of Robert Bruce 2nd Earl Elgin 1st Earl Ailesbury and Diana Grey Countess Elgin and Ailesbury (3) 8th January 1673 his half first cousin twice removed Catherine Noel Duchess Rutland, daughter of Baptist Noel 3rd Viscount Campden and Elizabeth Bertie Viscountess Campden, and had issue.
On 29th March 1641 George Manners 7th Earl of Rutland [aged 61] died. His second cousin [her husband] John [aged 36] succeeded 8th Earl of Rutland. Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 27] by marriage Countess of Rutland. Monument sculpted by Grinling Gibbons at St Mary the Virgin Church, Bottesford, Leicestershire [Map].

On 15th June 1644 [her father] Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 81] died at the Savoy Hospital. His son [her brother] Edward [aged 27] succeeded 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton in Northamptonshire.
Before 1648 [her son-in-law] John Cecil 4th Earl Exeter [aged 19] and Frances Manners Countess Exeter [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess Exeter. She the daughter of John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 43] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 33]. He the son of David Cecil 3rd Earl Exeter and Elizabeth Egerton Countess Exeter. They were half sixth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.
Around 1654 [her daughter] Elizabeth Manners Countess Anglesey was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 49] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 40]. She married 17th September 1669 James Annesley 2nd Earl Anglesey, son of Arthur Annesley 1st Earl Annesley and Elizabeth Altham Countess Anglesey, and had issue.
On 30th November 1654 [her half-sister] Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey died.
In or before 1655 [her son-in-law] Patrick Chaworth 3rd Viscount Chaworth [aged 19] and Grace Manners Viscountess Chaworth were married. She by marriage Viscountess Chaworth in County Armagh. She the daughter of John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 50] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 40]. They were third cousins.
In 1655 [her daughter] Anne Manners was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 50] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 41]. She married 1674 Scrope Howe 1st Viscount Howe and had issue.
Around 1656 [her daughter] Dorothy Manners Countess Shaftesbury was born to [her husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 51] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 42]. She married Anthony Ashley-Cooper 2nd Earl Shaftesbury, son of Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl Shaftesbury and Frances Cecil, and had issue.
On 15th July 1658 John Manners 1st Duke Rutland [aged 20] and Anne Pierrepont [aged 27] were married. See Lord Ross Divorce. She the daughter of Henry Pierrepont 1st Marquess Dorchester [aged 52] and Cecilia Bayning. He the son of John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 54] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 44]. They were second cousins.
In 1660 [her daughter] Frances Manners Countess Exeter [aged 29] died.
In 1661 [her son-in-law] James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury [aged 13] and Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury were married. She the daughter of John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 56] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 47]. They were fifth cousin once removed.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 17th September 1669 [her son-in-law] James Annesley 2nd Earl Anglesey [aged 24] and Elizabeth Manners Countess Anglesey [aged 15] were married. She the daughter of John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 65] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 55]. He the son of Arthur Annesley 1st Earl Annesley [aged 55] and Elizabeth Altham Countess Anglesey [aged 49].
On 19th May 1671 Frances Montagu Countess Rutland [aged 57] died at Bottesford, Leicestershire.
On 29th September 1679 [her former husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [aged 75] died at Nether Haddon, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Bottesford, Leicestershire [Map]. His son John [aged 41] succeeded 9th Earl of Rutland. Catherine Noel Duchess Rutland [aged 22] by marriage Countess of Rutland.
After 29th September 1679. St Mary the Virgin Church, Bottesford, Leicestershire [Map]. Monument to [her former husband] John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland [deceased] and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland. Monument sculpted by Grinling Gibbons [aged 31].


[her daughter] Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury was born to John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland. She married 1661 her fifth cousin once removed James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury and had issue.
[her daughter] Grace Manners Viscountess Chaworth was born to John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland and Frances Montagu Countess Rutland. She married in or before 1655 her third cousin Patrick Chaworth 3rd Viscount Chaworth, son of John Chaworth 2nd Viscount Chaworth and Elizabeth Noel Viscountess Chaworth, and had issue.
Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 22 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Montagu
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Ladde Montagu
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Holcot
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Montagu
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Montagu
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
GrandFather: Edward Montagu
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Roper
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Roper
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Roper of Well Hall
Great x 1 Grandmother: Helen Roper
Father: Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu
9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Harrington
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Harrington
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Alexander Harrington
Great x 1 Grandfather: James Harrington
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Moton of Peckleton in Leicestershire
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Moton
GrandMother: Elizabeth Harrington
Great x 4 Grandfather: William IV Sidney
Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas Sidney
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Sidney
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Brandon
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Brandon
Great x 1 Grandmother: Lucy Sidney
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Pakenham
Great x 3 Grandfather: Hugh Pakenham
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Pakenham
Frances Montagu Countess Rutland
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cotton
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Cotton
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Cotton
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Knightley
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Knightley
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Throckmorton
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Cotton
GrandFather: Thomas Cotton
Mother: Frances Cotton 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Shirley
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Shirley
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Staunton 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ralph Shirley
9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh Willoughby
7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Willoughby
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Freville
Great x 1 Grandfather: Francis Shirley
10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Shirley
11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England