Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 24th June 1826 [his father] Frederic Leighton [aged 26] and [his mother] Augusta Susan Nash [aged 21] were married.
On 3rd December 1830 Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton was born to Frederic Leighton [aged 31] and Augusta Susan Nash [aged 25]. at Scarborough, North Yorkshire [Map].
1853. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 22]. Portrait of Alexandra Leighton [aged 24], the artist's sister.
1858. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 27]. Portrait of Augusta Frances Clayton-East [aged 38].
Augusta Frances Clayton-East: Around 1820 she was born to East George Clayton-East 1st Baronet. In 1845 Henry Ainslie Hoare 5th Baronet and she were married. On 12th April 1903 Augusta Frances Clayton-East died.
Around 1860. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 29]. Portrait of Henry Evans-Gordon [aged 18].
Henry Evans-Gordon: he and Mary "May" Theodosia Sartoris were married. In 1842 he was born. On 19th December 1909 he died.
Around 1860. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 29]. Portrait of Mary "May" Theodosia Sartoris [aged 15], "Mrs Evans Gordon".
Around 1860. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 29]. Portrait of Mary "May" Theodosia Sartoris [aged 15].
Around 1860. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 29]. Portrait of Frederic Leighton [aged 60], the artist's father.
Around 1860. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 29]. Portrait of Mary "May" Theodosia Sartoris [aged 15], "Mrs Evans Gordon".
In 1865 [his mother] Augusta Susan Nash [aged 60] died.
The Diary of George Price Boyce 1866. 8th April 1866 (Sunday). To Fred Leighton's [aged 35] to breakfast, meeting there Gabriel [aged 37] and Wm. Rossetti [aged 36] and Simeon Solomon [aged 25]. L. excessively jolly and interesting. Has a large picture, young Greek girls in procession to sacrifice to Diana the first large picture1 he has painted.
Note 1. See The Syracusan Bride leading Wild Animals in Procession to the Temple of Diana.
May 1866 . Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 35]. "The Syracusan Bride leading Wild Animals in Procession to the Temple of Diana". The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1866 and in the Paris International Exhibition in 1868. See review in the Illustrated London News.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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1875. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 44]. "Little Fatima". Model Connie Gilchrist [aged 9].
Around 1876. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 45]. "Study: At a Reading Desk". Model Connie Gilchrist [aged 10].
1876. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 45]. "The Daphnephoria". The model for all five girls centre Connie Gilchrist [aged 10].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1877. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 46]. "The Music Lesson". Model originally Connie Gilchrist [aged 11] who was replaced by Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 4]. See The Life, Letters and Work of Frederic Leighton.
Frederick Leighton Biography. Chapter V. Leighton [aged 47] As President Of The Royal Academy 1878-1896.
Around 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. Portrait of Adelaide Chetwynd-Talbot Countess Brownlow.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. "Cimabue's Madonna Carried in Procession".
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. "Miss Dene". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 20].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. Sketch for "Elijah in the Wilnerness".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. "Neruccia".
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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Frederick Leighton Biography. 1879. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 48]. "Elijah in the Wilnerness".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. "Sister's Kiss". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 7].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. "Letty". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 7].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. "The Light of the Harem". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 7].
1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. Self-Portrait.
1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. "Yasmeenah". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 7].
1880. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 49]. "Crenaia, the Nymph of the Dargle". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 21].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1882. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 51]. "Bianca". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 23].
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1882. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 51]. "Antigone". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 23].
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1882. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 51]. "Return of Persephone". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 23].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1883. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 52]. Study For Sleeping Group For "Cymon And Iphigenia". Given by Lord Leighton to G.F. Watts, O.M., and given by the latter to the Collection in Leighton House
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 1 Chapters 1-60 1307-1342
The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel offer one of the most vivid and immediate accounts of 14th-century Europe, written by a knight who lived through the events he describes, and experienced some of them first hand. Covering the early decades of the Hundred Years’ War, this remarkable chronicle follows the campaigns of Edward III of England, the politics of France and the Low Countries, and the shifting alliances that shaped medieval warfare. Unlike later historians, Jean le Bel writes with a strong sense of eyewitness authenticity, drawing on personal experience and the testimony of fellow soldiers. His narrative captures not only battles and sieges, but also the realities of military life, diplomacy, and the ideals of chivalry that governed noble society. A key source for Jean Froissart, Le Bel’s chronicle stands on its own as a compelling and insightful work, at once historical record and literary achievement. This translation builds on the 1905 edition published in French by Jules Viard, adding extensive translations from other sources Rymer's Fœdera, the Chronicles of Adam Murimuth, William Nangis, Walter of Guisborough, a Bourgeois of Valenciennes, Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke and Richard Lescot to enrich the original text and Viard's notes.
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Frederick Leighton Biography. 1884. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 53]. "Cymon and Iphigenia". Models sisters Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 25] and Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 11].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1884. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 53]. "Kittens". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 11].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1884. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 53]. Study In Colour For "Cymon And Iphigenia."
1885. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 54]. Portrait of May Prinsep Baroness Tennyson [aged 31].
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1886. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 55]. "Clytie". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 27].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1886. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 55]. Study For Figure In Frieze, "Music." Leighton House Collection
The London Gazette 26551. Whitehall, January 21, 1886. THE Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal, grant ing the dignity of a Baronet of the United King dom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto the undermentioned Gentlemen, namely:—
Sir Frederic Leighton [aged 55], of Holland Park-road, in the parish of St. Mary Abbots, Kensington, in the county of Middlesex, Knt., President of the Royal Academy, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
Sir Andrew Barclay Walker, of Gateacre Grange, in the parish of Childwall, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, and of Osmaston Manor, in the parish of Osmaston, in the county of Derby, Knt., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
Claud Alexander, of Ballochmyle, in the parish of Mauchline, in the county of Ayr, Esq., Major General (retired) of Her Majesty's Forces, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
John Edward Dorington, of Lypiatt Park, in the parish of Stroud, in the county of Gloucester, Esq., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
Francis Abraham Montefiore, of Worth Park, in the parish of Worth, in the county of Sussex, Esq., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1887. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 56]. "The Last Watch Of Hero."
Around 1888. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 57]. Portrait of Augusta Frances Hoare [aged 42].
Augusta Frances Hoare: In October 1845 she was born to Henry Ainslie Hoare 5th Baronet and Augusta Frances Clayton-East. Before 23rd February 1892 William John Nettleship Angerstein and she were married. On 7th November 1922 Augusta Frances Hoare died.
Around 1888. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 57]. Portrait of Amy Augusta Jackson Lawford Baroness Coleridge.
Amy Augusta Jackson Lawford Baroness Coleridge: she was born to Henry Baring Lawford. On 13th August 1885 John Duke Coleridge 1st Baron Coleridge and she were married. She by marriage Baroness Coleridge of Ottery St Mary in Devon. On 27th May 1933 she died.
Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet
Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.
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1889. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 58]. Portrait of Alexandra Leighton [aged 60], the artist's sister.
Around 1889. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 58]. "Greek Girls Playing Ball". Model left Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 30].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1889. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 58]. Study In Colour For "Greek Girls Playing At Ball."
Before 1890. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 59]. Portrait of Hannah Rothschild Countess of Rosebery [aged 38].
Hannah Rothschild Countess of Rosebery: On 27th July 1851 she was born to Mayer Amschel Rothschild. On 20th March 1878 Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl Rosebery 1st Earl Midlothian and she were married at Board of Guardians Mount Street Grosvenor Square. She by marriage Countess Camden. He the son of Archibald John Primrose and Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina Stanhope Duchess of Cleveland. On 19th November 1890 Hannah Rothschild Countess of Rosebery died.
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1890. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 59]. "The Bath of Psyche". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 31].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1890. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 59]. Study For "Andromeda." Leighton House Collection.
Around 1890. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 59]. "The Bath of Psyche". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 31].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1890. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 59]. Study In Colour For "Tragic Poetess."
Around 1891. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 60]. "The Vestal". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 32].
Around 1891. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 60]. "Solitude". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 32].
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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The Royal Academy Conversazione, 1891, by George Henry Grenville Manton [aged 36].
John Seymour Lucas, Dame Alice Ellen Terry [aged 43], Sir William Quiller Orchardson, Rachel, Countess of Dudley [aged 23], Marcus Stone, Henry Stacy Marks, Sir Henry Irving, Unidentified man, Unidentified man, Sir John Everett Millais [aged 61], William Charles Thomas Dobson.
Unidentified woman, James Sant, William Powell Frith, Sir Hubert von Herkomer [aged 41], Unidentified woman, Briton Riviere, Unidentified man, John Pettie, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema [aged 54], Frederic Leighton [aged 60], Baron Leighton.
Philip Hermogenes Calderon, Walter William Ouless, Thomas Faed, Robert Walker Macbeth, Edward Onslow Ford [aged 38], William Frederick Yeames, Unidentified woman, Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones [aged 57], Unidentified man.
Mary Anderson, John Calcott Horsley, possibly Joanna Margaret Hadley, Unidentified man, Henry Tanworth Wells, possibly Alice Joanna Street, Marion Harry Spielmann, Unidentified woman.
Around 1891. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 60]. "The Return of Persephone". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 32].
Around 1891. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 60]. "Perseus and Andromeda". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 32].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1891. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 60]. From Sketch In Clay For Perseus, In The Picture "Perseus And Andromeda."
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1892. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 61]. "Bacchante".
1892. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 61]. Portrait of Alexandra Leighton [aged 63], the artist's sister.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1892. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 61]. Study in Oils for "Bacchante".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1892. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 61]. "And The Sea Gave Up The Dead Which Were In It". Sketch for Complete Design.
On 24th January 1892 [his father] Frederic Leighton [aged 92] died at 11 Kensington-park-gardens.
[his father] Leighton, Frederic Septimus, of 11 Kensington Park Gardens, Middlesex, M.D. died 24 January 1892, Probate London 1 March [1892], to Sir Frederic Leighton [aged 61], baronet, P.R.A., and [his sister] Alexandra Orr [aged 63], and Augusta Newnburg Matthews [aged 56], widows. Effects £65,929 6s. 4d.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1893. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 62]. "Atalanta."
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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Frederick Leighton Biography. 1894. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 63]. "Fatidica".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1894. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 63]. "Fatidica".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1894. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 63]. Studies for "Fatidica".
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. "Flaming June". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 36].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. "The Jealousy of Simœtha, the Sorceress". Model Henrietta Sarah Pullen [aged 27].
Henrietta Sarah Pullen: In October 1867 she was born to Abraham Pullen and Sarah Eagle.
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. "Memories". Model Edith Ellen Pullen [aged 29].
Frederick Leighton Biography. Around 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. "Cleobouline". Model Isabella Helena "Lena" Pullen [aged 22].
Frederick Leighton Biography. 1895. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 64]. Study for "Flaming June". Model Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 36].
Frederick Leighton Biography. Before 1896. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 65]. "Farewell". Model Henrietta Sarah Pullen [aged 28].
The London Gazette 26705. Whitehall, January 24, 1896. THE Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, dated the 24th of January, 1896, to grant the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom unto Sir Frederic Leighton [aged 65], Bart., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Leighton, of Stretton, in the counly of Salop.
Note. He died the following day and the title became extinct.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 25th January 1896 Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton [aged 65] died. Baron Leighton of Stretton in Shropshire and Baronet Leighton of Holland Park Road in St Mary Abbots in Kensington in Middlesex extinct. He left Ada Alice "Dorothy Dene" Pullen [aged 37] £5,000, plus another £5,000 in trust for herself and her sisters; the largest bequest he made.
Frederick Leighton Biography. Frederick Leighton 1st Baron Leighton. Study For Figure In Panel In Royal Exchange—"Phœnicians Bartering With Britons". Leighton House Collection.
GrandFather: James Bonifcae Leighton
Father: Frederic Leighton
Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward l'Anson
GrandMother: Frances l'Anson