Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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Paternal Family Tree: Reginar aka Percy
Maternal Family Tree: Aoife ni Diarmait Macmurrough Countess Pembroke and Buckingham 1145-1188
Before 1393 [his father] Henry "Hotspur" Percy [aged 28] and [his mother] Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster and [his grandmother] Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster. He the son of Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland [aged 51] and Margaret Neville. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 3rd February 1393 Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland was born to [his father] Henry "Hotspur" Percy [aged 28] and [his mother] Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys [aged 21] at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland [Map]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 14th September 1402 [his grandfather] Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland [aged 60] and his son [his father] Henry "Hotspur" Percy [aged 38] lay in wait at Homildon Hill, Northumberland [Map] for the Scots to return from their laying waste to Northumberland. The Battle of Homildon Hill was a victory for the English forces whose longbowmen decimated the Scottish schiltrons. Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh [aged 44] fought for the English.
John Swinton was killed.
Thomas Dunbar 2nd Earl of Moray [aged 31] and Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl Orkney [aged 27] were captured.
Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine [aged 30] was wounded. King Henry IV of England [aged 35] forbade the ransoming of Scottish prisoners so that he could concentrate on the Welsh. By doing so he created a rift with the Percy family who subsequently defected to Owain ap Gruffudd Glyndŵr [aged 43].
William Stewart of Jedworth and Teviotdale [aged 46] was executed by Henry "Hotspur" Percy having been captured.
John Stewart 1st of Dalswinton and Garlies [aged 32] fought at the Battle of Homildon Hill.
On 21st July 1403 King Henry IV of England [aged 36], with his son the future King Henry V of England [aged 16], defeated the rebel army of [his father] Henry "Hotspur" Percy [aged 39] at the Battle of Shrewsbury at the site now known as Battlefield, Shrewsbury [Map]. King Henry V of England took an arrow to the side of his face. John Stanley [aged 53] was wounded in the throat. Thomas Strickland [aged 36] fought and was awarded £38 and two of the rebel Henry's horses. Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick [aged 21] fought for the King. Walter Blount [aged 55], the King's Standard Bearer, was killed by Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine [aged 31].
Thomas Wendesley [aged 59], Edmund Cockayne [aged 47] and Robert Goushill were killed.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford [aged 25] was killed. His son Humphrey Stafford succeeded 6th Earl Stafford, 7th Baron Stafford.
Hugh Shirley [aged 52] was killed; he was one of four knights dressed as King Henry IV of England.
Of the rebels, Henry "Hotspur" Percy, Madog Kynaston [aged 43] and John Clifton were killed.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 60] was beheaded after the battle. Earl Worcester extinct.
Richard Vernon 11th Baron Shipbrook [aged 48] was hanged. Baron Shipbrook forfeit.
John Rossall was killed. His sister Eleanor Rossall [aged 26] inherited a half-share in the Rossall Shrewsbury [Map] estates.
John Massey [aged 65] was killed.
After 21st July 1403 [his step-father] Thomas Camoys 1st Baron Camoys [aged 52] and [his mother] Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys [aged 32] were married. She by marriage Baroness Camoys. The difference in their ages was 20 years. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster and [his grandmother] Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster. They were half second cousin twice removed. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Around 1404 [his brother-in-law] John Clifford 7th Baron Clifford [aged 15] and [his sister] Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland [aged 9] were married. She by marriage Baroness de Clifford. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 1414 Richard Despencer 4th Baron Burghesh [aged 17] and [his future wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Baroness Burghesh. She the daughter of [his future father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 49] and [his future mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 34]. He the son of Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester and Constance York Countess Gloucester [aged 39]. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1416 Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 22] was restored 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 5th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 13th Baron Percy of Topcliffe.
The second creation of the Earl of Northumberland occurred on 16th March 1416 although it was, in effect a restoration of the first creation with Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 23] being restored rather than created. Unclear as to why some sources refer to this as a creation?
On 20th April 1417 [his mother] Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys [aged 46] died. She was buried at St George's Church Trotton.
Before 8th July 1418 Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 25] and Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 21] were married. She by marriage Countess of Northumberland. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 54] and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 39]. They were second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
This is a translation of the 'Memoires of Jacques du Clercq', published in 1823 in two volumes, edited by Frederic, Baron de Reissenberg. In his introduction Reissenberg writes: 'Jacques du Clercq tells us that he was born in 1424, and that he was a licentiate in law and a counsellor to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in the castellany of Douai, Lille, and Orchies. It appears that he established his residence at Arras. In 1446, he married the daughter of Baldwin de la Lacherie, a gentleman who lived in Lille. We read in the fifth book of his Memoirs that his father, also named Jacques du Clercq, had married a lady of the Le Camelin family, from Compiègne. His ancestors, always attached to the counts of Flanders, had constantly served them, whether in their councils or in their armies.' The Memoires cover a period of nineteen years beginning in in 1448, ending in in 1467. It appears that the author had intended to extend the Memoirs beyond that date; no doubt illness or death prevented him from carrying out this plan. As Reissenberg writes the 'merit of this work lies in the simplicity of its narrative, in its tone of good faith, and in a certain air of frankness which naturally wins the reader’s confidence.' Du Clercq ranges from events of national and international importance, including events of the Wars of the Roses in England, to simple, everyday local events such as marriages, robberies, murders, trials and deaths, including that of his own father in Book 5; one of his last entries.
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On 8th July 1418 [his son] John Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 25] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 21]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
On 25th July 1421 [his son] Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 28] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 24]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%. He married before 1449 his fifth cousin Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland, daughter of Richard Poynings and Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel, and had issue.
Before 1422 [his brother-in-law] William Neville 1st Earl Kent [aged 16] and Joan Fauconberg Countess Kent [aged 15] were married. He the son of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 57] and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 42].
On 29th November 1422 [his son] Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 29] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 25] at Leconfield. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
Before 1423 [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 22] and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury [aged 15] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury [aged 34] and Eleanor Holland. He the son of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 58] and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 43]. They were half fourth cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 28th May 1423 [his daughter] Katherine Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 30] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 26]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%. She married before 1440 her half second cousin Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent, son of John Grey and Constance Holland Countess Norfolk and Nottingham, and had issue.
On 24th July 1424 [his son] George Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 31] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 27]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
Before 18th October 1424 Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford [aged 22] and [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 60] and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 45]. He the son of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 41]. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1425 [his son] Ralph Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 31] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 28]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%. He married (1) Jane Teye and had issue (2) Eleanor Acton and had issue.
In June 1425 John Mowbray 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 33] was restored 2nd Duke Norfolk by Parliament. [his sister-in-law] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk [aged 25] by marriage Duchess Norfolk.
On 21st October 1425 [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 61] died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map]. His grandson [his future brother-in-law] Ralph [aged 19] succeeded 2nd Earl of Westmoreland. [his sister] Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland [aged 30] by marriage Countess of Westmoreland.
Monument to Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and his wives Margaret Stafford Baroness Neville Raby and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 46]. Early Plate Bascinet Period. Orle. Man with Two Wives.
Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland: Around 1395 she was born to Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Around 1404 John Clifford 7th Baron Clifford and she were married. She by marriage Baroness de Clifford. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In 1426 Ralph Neville 2nd Earl of Westmoreland and she were married. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 26th October 1436 Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland died.
In 1426 [his brother-in-law] Ralph Neville 2nd Earl of Westmoreland [aged 19] and [his sister] Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland [aged 31] were married. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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In 1426 [his son] Richard Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 32] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 29]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
On 7th April 1428 [his son] Bishop William Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 35] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 31]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
On 3rd November 1428 Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury [aged 40] died from wounds received at the Siege of Orléans. His daughter Alice [aged 21] succeeded 5th Countess Salisbury, 4th Baroness Montagu, 7th Baroness Montagu, 6th Baroness Monthermer. [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 28] by marriage Earl Salisbury.
In October 1429 Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York [aged 18] and [his sister-in-law] Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York [aged 14] were married. She by marriage Duchess York. She was the youngest sister of Richard's brother-in-arms [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 29]. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 50]. He the son of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of Gregory. 1436. Ande that same year the Erle of Northehomerlonde [aged 42] made a viage in-to Scotlonde, and there he made a nobylle jornay.
In 1436 [his daughter] Anne Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 42] and [his wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 39]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
On 26th October 1436 [his sister] Elizabeth Percy Countess of Westmoreland [aged 41] died.
Before 1437 Thomas Strangeways [aged 41] and [his sister-in-law] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk [aged 36] were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 57].
Before 1440 [his son-in-law] Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent [aged 23] and Katherine Percy [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 46] and Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 42]. He the son of John Grey and Constance Holland Countess Norfolk and Nottingham. They were half second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In October 1441 John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont [aged 32] and [his sister-in-law] Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk [aged 41] were married. She by marriage Viscountess Beaumont. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and [his mother-in-law] Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In September 1444 Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford [aged 42] was created 1st Duke of Buckingham by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 22] in reward for many years of loyal and continuous service to the Crown. [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham [aged 36] by marriage Duchess of Buckingham.
On 23rd October 1448 Hugh Douglas 1st Earl Ormonde commanded at during the Battle of Sark inflicting a heavy defeat on the English forces. [his son] Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland [aged 27] and Thomas Harrington [aged 48] were captured. Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 55] escaped.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Before 1449 Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland [aged 27] and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland [aged 26] were married. She the daughter of Richard Poynings and Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel [aged 66]. He the son of Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 55] and Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 51]. They were fifth cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 16th July 1449 John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Worcester. Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick [aged 25] by marriage Countess Worcester. It isn't clear why he was he was created Earl at such a young age. His father John Tiptoft 1st Baron Tiptoft had died six years earlier so he had inherited Baron Tiptoft. His mother Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft had died three years earlier when he was eighteen. In 1449 he married Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick daughter of the influential [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 49]. His earldom may have been a consequence of this marriage.
By 27th July 1453, says Griffiths, the situation in the north had deteriorated so badly that the crown effectively abrogated its authority in the region, by writing directly to the two earls [Note Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 60] and [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 53]], laying responsibility for ending the dispute on them, and instructing them to keep their sons in order. It was at this point too, that the commission of oyer and terminer of 12 July was re-issued.
On 20th October 1453 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu [aged 22], and his brothers Thomas Neville [aged 23] and Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury [aged 24], met with Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 60] to negotiate peace.
On 8th October 1453, the council wrote to the [his former brother-in-law] earl of Westmorland [aged 47] and congratulated him on not assisting the Middleham branch. It also wrote again to Salisbury [aged 53] and Northumberland [aged 60]
In retaliation, Sir John Neville raided the absent Earl of Northumberland's house at Catton, in Yorkshire, and all but ruined it. The next day, Richard Percy attacked a house on Neville property.
On 22nd May 1455 the Wars of the Roses commenced with the First Battle of St Albans. Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York [aged 43] commanded with Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury [aged 26], [his brother-in-law] Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 55], Edward Brooke 6th Baron Cobham [aged 40] and Walter Strickland [aged 44].
The Lancastrians...
Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset [aged 49] was killed. His son Henry [aged 19] succeeded 2nd Duke Somerset, 2nd Marquess Dorset, 5th Earl Somerset, 2nd Earl Dorset. Note his father is frequently incorrectly referred to as the second Duke and Henry as the third Duke. His father's Dukedom, however, was a new creation.
Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [aged 62] was killed. His son Henry [aged 33] succeeded 3rd Earl of Northumberland, 6th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 14th Baron Percy of Topcliffe. Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland [aged 33] by marriage Countess of Northumberland.
Thomas Clifford 8th Baron Clifford [aged 41] was killed. His son John [aged 20] succeeded 9th Baron de Clifford, 9th Lord Skipton. Margaret Bromflete Baroness Clifford [aged 21] by marriage Baroness de Clifford.
William Cotton [aged 45] and Richard Fortescue [aged 41] were killed.
Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham [aged 52] was wounded and captured.
King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 33], John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley [aged 54] and Edmund Sutton [aged 30] were captured.
Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset was wounded. James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde [aged 34] and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock [aged 55] fought.
Richard Cotton of Hampstall Ridware [aged 51] and his son William Cotton of Connington in Huntingdonshire [aged 27] were killed.
Chronicle of Jean de Waurin Books 3-5 [1400-1474]. [22nd May 1455]. Then the two forces, seeing each other and advancing, began to march, and each side fired so accurately that from the arrows and gunpowder the horses kicked up, the air became so thick that the sun lost its brightness. The battle was so terrible that there was no one who spared brother or cousin, so much so that in the end the King lost the day. Some say, as I was informed, that the King was wounded by an arrow in the arm, and the Duke of Somerset [aged 49], the Earl of Northumberland [aged 62], [his nephew] Lord Clifford [aged 41], and many other great lords and gentlemen died in the battle.
And the King was taken by some of his men towards London, but the Duke of York [aged 43] did not pursue him; rather, very pleased with his victory, he returned to York with the two earls mentioned above.
Lors les deux puissances voians et advisans lune lautre commencerent a marchier, et chascun de sa partie tyrer si onniement que, du trait et de la pouldriere que faisoient les chevaulz, lair sespessy telement que le solleil en perdy sa clarete. Tant fut horrible celle bataille quil ny avoit cellui quy espargnast frere ne cousin telement que en fin le roy perdy la journee, et dient les aulcuns, comme je feus adverty, que le roy y fut blechie dune flesche ou bras, et y morurent le duc de Sombresset, le comte de Northumbelland, le seigneur de Cliffort et plusieurs autres grans seigneurs et gentilz hommes.
Et le roy fut par aulcuns des siens emmenez vers Londres, mais le duc dYorc ne le poursievy pas, anchois moult joieulz de sa victore sen retourna a Yorc avec les deux comtes cy dessus nommez.
After 22nd May 1455 Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset [deceased], Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland [deceased] and [his nephew] Thomas Clifford 8th Baron Clifford [deceased] were buried at St Albans Cathedral [Map].
In 1472 [his former wife] Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland [aged 75] died.
[his daughter] Joan Percy was born to Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Eleanor Neville Countess Northumberland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.49%.
Chronicle of Gregory. The chaptaynys of this fylde undyr the Duke of Yorke was the Erle of Warwyke, the Erle of Saulysbury. And in that batayle wer slayne the Duke of Somersett, the Erle of Northehomerlonde, the [his nephew] Lord Clyfforde, with many moo othyr, bo the of gentylle men and yemen. And the King lete alle this mater be in a dormon a grete and a long tyme aftyr, as ye shalle hyre, for it was noo seson to trete of pesse, for some were welle contente and some evylle plesyd, but at the laste the pepylle said that the Duke of Somersett was worthy to suffer that dethe by so moche that he brought Kyng Harry at Claryngdon be-syde Saulysbury and there he toke his grete sekenys.
Note b. Sir James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. The writer is wrong in saying that he was made Earl of Wiltshire after the battle. He was created Earl of Wiltshire in 1449, and succeeded to the earldom of Ormond in 1452.
Kings Wessex: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 8 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 14 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 9 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 12 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 18 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 12 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 15 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Percy 7th Baron Percy Topcliffe
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Percy 9th and 1st Baron Percy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Warenne Baroness Percy Topcliffe 
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Percy 10th and 2nd Baron Percy 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel 
3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Fitzalan Baroness Percy 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Saluzzo Countess Arundel 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Percy 11th and 3rd Baron Percy 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Clifford 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Vipont 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Idonia Clifford Baroness Percy 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Clare Baroness Clifford Baroness Welles 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry III of England Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England 
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Capet Count of Artois 
Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Plantagenet Baroness Percy 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Chaworth
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Beauchamp 9th Earl Warwick 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella Beauchamp
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Fitzjohn Countess Warwick
Father: Henry "Hotspur" Percy 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Geoffrey Neville 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Neville
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby
Great x 1 Grandfather: Ralph Neville 2nd Baron Neville of Raby 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Fitzjohn 4th Baron Warkworth 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Fitzroger 5th Baron Warkworth
Great x 2 Grandmother: Euphemia Clavering Baroness Neville Raby 
7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Alan Zouche 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Zouche Baroness Warkworth 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Helen or Ela Quincy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
GrandMother: Margaret Neville 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Audley 
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Audley
Great x 4 Grandmother: Bertrade Mainwaring
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh Audley 1st Baron Audley of Stratton Audley 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Longespée Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Ela Longespée Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Idoine Camville
Great x 1 Grandmother: Alice Audley Baroness Greystoke and Neville 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 
Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Mortimer 2nd Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 2 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud de Braose 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Iseult Mortimer 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Fiennes 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Fiennes 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Beaumont 
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Mortimer 2nd Baron Mortimer of Wigmore 2 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March 3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Fiennes 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Edmund Mortimer 4 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Piers Geneville
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Geneville Baroness Mortimer 2nd Baroness Geneville 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Jeanne Lusignan 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl March 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gunselin Badlesmere 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Fitzbernard
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Clare Baroness Badlesmere 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Simon Montagu 1st Baron Montagu 
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu
Great x 4 Grandmother: Hawise St Amand
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury
Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter Montfort
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Montfort Baroness Furnivall Baroness Montagu
Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa Montagu Countess March
Great x 4 Grandfather: Pierre Grandison
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Grandison 1st Baron Grandison
Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury
Great x 3 Grandmother: Sibylla Tregoz Baroness Grandison
Mother: Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 
3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence 
Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Avesnes II Count Hainaut II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 3 Grandfather: William of Avesnes I Count Hainaut III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainaut and Holland 
5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainaut 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard "Red Earl" Burgh 2nd Earl of Ulster 
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Burgh
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Burgh Countess Ulster
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Donn Burgh 3rd Earl of Ulster Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Clare Lady Verdun Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Burgh Duchess of Clarence 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Plantagenet Countess Ulster Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Chaworth
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Beauchamp