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The History of William Marshal, Earl of Chepstow and Pembroke, Regent of England. Book 1 of 2, Lines 1-10152.

The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.

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Biography of Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester 1706-1786

Paternal Family Tree: Montagu

Maternal Family Tree: Susanna Temple 1600-1669

In 1705 [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 15) and [her mother] Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 15) were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] John Churchill 1st Duke of Marlborough (age 54) and [her grandmother] Sarah Jennings Duchess of Marlborough (age 44). He the son of [her grandfather] Ralph Montagu 1st Duke Montagu (age 66) and [her grandmother] Elizabeth Wriothesley Countess Northumberland. They were third cousins.

Around 1706 Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester was born to [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 16) and [her mother] Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 16).

On 9th March 1709 [her grandfather] Ralph Montagu 1st Duke Montagu (age 70) died. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son [her father] John (age 19) succeeded 2nd Duke Montagu, 4th Baron Montagu of Boughton in Northamptonshire. [her mother] Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 19) by marriage Duchess Montagu.

In 1719 [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 29) was appointed 532nd Knight of the Garter by King George I (age 58).

In 1722 Charles Montagu 1st Duke Manchester (age 60) died. His son [her future husband] William (age 21) succeeded 2nd Duke Manchester, 5th Earl Manchester, 5th Viscount Mandeville, 5th Baron Montagu of Kimbolton.

On 7th July 1730 [her brother-in-law] George Brudenell aka Montagu 1st Duke Montagu (age 17) and [her sister] Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu (age 19) were married. She the daughter of [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 40) and [her mother] Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 40). He the son of George Brudenell 3rd Earl Cardigan (age 44) and Elizabeth Bruce 3rd Countess Cardigan (age 41). They were fourth cousin once removed.

On 5th July 1732 George Brudenell 3rd Earl Cardigan (age 46) died. His son [her brother-in-law] George (age 19) succeeded 4th Earl Cardigan, 4th Baron Brudenell of Stonton in Leicestershire. [her sister] Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu (age 21) by marriage Countess Cardigan.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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1738 Andrea Soldi (age 35). Portrait of Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester (age 32).

Before 21st October 1739 William Montagu 2nd Duke Manchester (age 39) and Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester (age 33) were married. She by marriage Duchess Manchester. She the daughter of John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 49) and Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 50). He the son of Charles Montagu 1st Duke Manchester and Doddington Greville Duchess Manchester. They were fourth cousins.

On 21st October 1739 [her husband] William Montagu 2nd Duke Manchester (age 39) died. His brother [her brother-in-law] Robert (age 29) succeeded 3rd Duke Manchester, 6th Earl Manchester, 6th Viscount Mandeville, 6th Baron Montagu of Kimbolton. Harriet Dunch Duchess Manchester by marriage Duchess Manchester.

On 29th January 1740 Richard Lumley 2nd Earl Scarborough (age 53) committed suicide by shooting himself through the roof of the mouth possibly as a result of his having told the Dowager Duchess of Manchester (age 34), who he had intended to marry the following day, a state secret which she then shared with her grandmother [her grandmother] Sarah Jennings Duchess of Marlborough (age 79) who shared it with William Pulteney 1st Earl Bath (age 55) who shared it with everyone else. His brother Thomas (age 49) succeeded 3rd Earl of Scarborough, 4th Viscount Lumley, 3rd Baron Lumley. Frances Hamilton Countess Scarborough by marriage Countess of Scarborough. He left his estates to his youngest brother James Lumley (age 34).

On 4th February 1740 Richard Lumley 2nd Earl Scarborough was buried at the Grosvenor Chapel, Mayfair.

In 1743 Edward Hussey-Montagu 1st Earl Beaulieu (age 22) and Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester (age 37) were married. She the daughter of John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 53) and Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 53).

On 6th July 1749 [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu (age 59) died without surviving male issue. Duke Montagu extinct. His estates were inherited by his daughter [her sister] Mary (age 38) and her husband [her brother-in-law] George Brudenell aka Montagu 1st Duke Montagu (age 36) who changed his name to Montagu from Brudenell. Monument in St Edmund's Church, Warkton [Map]. Sculpted by Louis Francois Roubiliac (age 46). Erected by his widow, [her mother] Mary Churchill (age 59), the daughter of the 1st Duke of Marlborough, who stands at the left hand side of the monument.

On 14th May 1751 [her mother] Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu (age 61) died. Monument in St Edmund's Church, Warkton [Map]. Sculpted by Louis Francois Roubiliac (age 48). Erected by her Daughter, Lady Mary Montagu. The monument is adorned with figures representing the three fates of Clotho, Atropos and Lachesis, arranged to show the cutting of Mary's life thread, and Lachesis' dismay at it being cut short. Three putti also figure on the monument, one of whom holds the spindle from which the thread was cut.

Clotho: Clotho is one of the Three Fates. She spins the thread of human life.

Atropos: Atropos is one of the Three Fates. She cuts the thread of human life.

Lachesis: Lachesis is one of the Three Fates. She measures the thread of human life.

1762 Creation of New Peers

On 4th May 1762 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 23) created a number of new peerages...

Edward Noel 1st Viscount Wentworth (age 46) was created 1st Viscount Wentworth.

William Courtenay 7th Earl Devon (age 53) was created 1st Viscount Courtenay.

Thomas Pelham Holles 1st Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne (age 68) was created 1st Baron Pelham of Stanmer in Sussex with default to his cousin Thomas Pelham (age 34).

Caroline Lennox 1st Baroness Holland (age 39) was created 1st Baroness Holland in Lincolnshire. Henry Fox 1st Baron Holland (age 56) by marriage Baron Holland in Lincolnshire.

John Perceval 2nd Earl Egmont (age 51) was created 1st Baron Lovel and Holland of Enmore in Somerset.

[her nephew] John Montagu 1st Baron Montagu (age 27) was created 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton in Northamptonshire.

Joseph Damer 1st Earl Dorchester (age 44) was created 1st Baron Milton of Milton Abbey in Dorset.

[her husband] Edward Hussey-Montagu 1st Earl Beaulieu (age 41) was created 1st Baron Beaulieu of Beaulieu in Hampshire with a special remainder to his heirs male with his current wife Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester (age 56).

On 12th May 1762 George Venables-Vernon 1st Baron Vernon (age 53) was created 1st Baron Vernon of Kinderton in Cheshire. Martha Harcourt Baroness Vernon of Kinderton (age 46) by marriage Baroness Vernon of Kinderton in Cheshire.

George Fox Lane 1st Baron Bingley (age 65) was created 1st Baron Bingley. Harriet Benson Baroness Bingley (age 57) by marriage Baroness Bingley.

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On 5th November 1766 [her brother-in-law] George Brudenell aka Montagu 1st Duke Montagu (age 54) was created 1st Duke Montagu. [her sister] Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu (age 55) by marriage Duchess Montagu. He was the son-in-law of the last Duke of the previous creation [her father] John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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On 1st May 1775 [her sister] Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu (age 64) died. Monument in St Edmund's Church, Warkton [Map]. Sculpted by Peter Mathias Van Gelder (age 33). Mary's monument is more decorative that her parent's; Rococo. The composition of the monument centres around an ornate funerary Urn, which stands upon a Pedestal containing an inscription to Mary. To the right sits a grief stricken woman, inconsolable over the loss of an aristocrat considered a great benefactor to the poor and needy. In her left arm she cradles a baby, and a second, tearful child sits at her feet. To the right of the woman is that of an older woman draped in a shawl, who gently caresses the hand of the first babe. To the left of the Urn, an angel comforts the mourners, pointing to heaven.

On 8th July 1784 [her husband] Edward Hussey-Montagu 1st Earl Beaulieu (age 63) was created 1st Earl Beaulieu.

On 20th December 1786 Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester (age 80) died.

On 25th November 1802 [her former husband] Edward Hussey-Montagu 1st Earl Beaulieu (age 81) died at Dover Street. He was buried at St Edmund's Church, Warkton [Map]. Earl Beaulieu, Baron Beaulieu of Beaulieu in Hampshire extinct.

Royal Ancestors of Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester 1706-1786

Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks

Kings France: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester 1706-1786

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Helen Roper

Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Harrington

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Harrington

Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy Sidney

Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 2nd Baron Montagu 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Cotton

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Cotton

Great x 2 Grandmother: Frances Cotton 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Shirley 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Shirley 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothy Giffard

GrandFather: Ralph Montagu 1st Duke Montagu 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ralph Winwood

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Winwood

Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas Ball of Totnes in Devon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Ball

Father: John Montagu 2nd Duke Montagu 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry IV of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Wriothesley 3rd Earl of Southampton 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Anthony Browne 1st Viscount Montagu 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Browne Countess Southampton 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Radclyffe 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Wriothesley 4th Earl of Southampton 2nd Earl Chichester 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Vernon 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry IV of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Vernon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry IV of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Vernon Countess Southampton 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Devereux 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Devereux 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothy Hastings 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

GrandMother: Elizabeth Wriothesley Countess Northumberland 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Leigh

Great x 3 Grandfather: Francis Leigh

Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Harrington

Great x 2 Grandfather: Francis Leigh 1st Earl Chichester

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Egerton 1st Viscount Brackley

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Egerton

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Ravenscroft

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Leigh Countess Southampton 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Boteler 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Boteler 1st Baron Boteler 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Waller

Great x 2 Grandmother: Audrey Boteler Countess Chichester 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Villiers of Brokesby

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Villiers Baroness Boteler Brantfield

Great x 4 Grandmother: Audrey Saunders

Isabella Montagu Duchess Manchester 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry IV of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Winston Churchill

GrandFather: John Churchill 1st Duke of Marlborough 14 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Bernard Drake

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Drake

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Drake

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Drake 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Boteler 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Boteler 1st Baron Boteler 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Waller

Great x 2 Grandmother: Helen Boteler 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Villiers of Brokesby

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Villiers Baroness Boteler Brantfield

Great x 4 Grandmother: Audrey Saunders

Mother: Mary Churchill Duchess of Montagu 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Jennings

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Jennings

GrandMother: Sarah Jennings Duchess of Marlborough

Great x 2 Grandfather: Gifford Thornhurst 1st Baronet

Great x 1 Grandmother: Frances Thornhurst

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Temple

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alexander Temple

Great x 2 Grandmother: Susanna Temple