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Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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Biography of Margaret Rolle Countess Orford 1709-1781

On 17th January 1709 Margaret Rolle Countess Orford was born to [her father] Samuel Rolle.

In 1717 [her father] Samuel Rolle died.

On 26th March 1724 Robert Walpole 2nd Earl Orford (age 23) and Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 15) were married. He the son of Robert Walpole 1st Earl Orford (age 47) and Catherine Shorter (age 42).

On 2nd April 1730 [her son] George Walpole 3rd Earl Orford was born to [her husband] Robert Walpole 2nd Earl Orford (age 29) and Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 21).

On 18th March 1745 [her father-in-law] Robert Walpole 1st Earl Orford (age 68) died. His son [her husband] Robert (age 44) succeeded 2nd Earl Orford. Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 36) by marriage Countess Orford.

In 1751 Hugh Fortescue 1st Earl Clinton (age 55) died unmarried. Earl Clinton extinct. His half brother Matthew (age 32) succeeded 2nd Baron Fortescue of Castle Hill. Baron Clinton abeyant between his sister Margaret Fortescue and his second cousin Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 41).

In 1751 Sewallis Shirley (age 42) and Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 41) were married. He the son of Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers and Selina Finch Countess Ferrers (age 69). They were sixth cousins.

On 31st May 1751 [her husband] Robert Walpole 2nd Earl Orford (age 50) died. His son [her son] George (age 21) succeeded 3rd Earl Orford.

On 14th March 1760 Margaret Fortescue died unmarried. Her second cousin Margaret (age 51) abeyance terminated 15th Baroness Clinton.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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In 1765 [her husband] Sewallis Shirley (age 56) died.

On 13th January 1781 Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 71) died. Her son [her son] George (age 50) succeeded 16th Baron Clinton.

Letters of Horace Walpole. I now entirely credit all that my Lord Leicester and his family have said against Lady Mary Coke and her family1; and am convinced that it is impossible to marry any thing of the blood of Campbell, without having all her relations in arms to procure a separation immediately. Pray, what have I done? have I come home drunk to my wife within these four first days? or have I sat up gaming all night, and not come home at all to her, after her lady-mother had been persuaded that I was the soberest young nobleman in England, and had the greatest aversion to play'! Have I kept my bride awake all night with railing at her father, when all the world had allowed him to be one of the bravest officers in Europe? In short, in short, I have a mind to take COUNSEL, even of the wisest lawyer now living in matrimonial cases, my Lord Coke * * * If, like other Norfolk husbands, I must entertain the town with a formal parting, at least it shall be in my own way: my wife shall neither 'run to Italy after lovers and books306, nor keep a dormitory in her dressing-room at Whitehall for Westminster schoolboys, your Frederick Campbells, and such like.307 nor 'yet shall she reside at her mother's house, but shall absolutely set out for Strawberry Hill in two or three days, as soon as her room can be well aired; for, to give her her due, I don't think her to blame, but flatter myself she is quite contented with the easy footing we live upon; separate beds, dining in her dressing-room when she is out of humour, and a little toad-eater that I had got for her, and whose pockets and bosom I have never examined, to see if' she brought any billets-doux from Tommy Lyttelton or any of her fellows. I shall follow her myself in less than a fortnight; and if her family don't give me any more trouble,-why, who knows but at your return you may find your daughter with qualms and in a sack? If you should happen to want to know any more particulars, she is quite well, has walked in the park every morning, or has the chariot, as she chooses; and, in short, one would think that I or she were much older than we really are, for I grow excessively fond of her.308

Note 305. Now first published.

Note 306. Alluding to the wife of his eldest brother, Lord Walpole, Margaret Rolle, who had separated Herself from her husband, and resided in Italy.-E.

Note 307. Lady Townshend.-E.

Note 308. All this letter refers to Ann Seymour Conway, then three years old, who had been left with her nurse at Mr. Walpole's, during an absence of her father and mother in Ireland.-E.

Note 1. Mary Campbell had married Edward Coke son of Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester.

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Royal Ancestors of Margaret Rolle Countess Orford 1709-1781

Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks

Kings France: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Robert "Pious" II King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Margaret Rolle Countess Orford 1709-1781

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Rolle of Heanton

Great x 1 Grandfather: Samuel Rolle of Heanton in Devon

GrandFather: Robert Rolle

Father: Samuel Rolle 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Clinton 1st Earl Lincoln 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Clinton 2nd Earl Lincoln 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ursula Stourton Baroness Clinton 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Clinton 3rd Earl Lincoln 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Hastings 2nd Earl Huntingdon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Catherine Hastings Countess Lincoln 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Pole Countess Huntingdon 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Theophilus Clinton 4th Earl Lincoln 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet of Charlton Wiltshire 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Pickering 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Knyvet Countess Lincoln 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Stumpe

GrandMother: Arabella Clinton 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Fiennes 6th Baron Saye and Sele 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Fiennes 7th Baron Saye and Sele 15 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Fiennes 1st Viscount Saye and Sele 16 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Kingsmill of Sydmonton in Hampshire

Great x 3 Grandmother: Constance Kingsmill Baroness Saye and Sele

Great x 1 Grandmother: Bridget Fiennes Countess Lincoln 17 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Margaret Rolle Countess Orford 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England