The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst 1857-1919

On 25th April 1857 Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst was born to [her father] William Tyssen-Amherst 1st Baron Amherst [aged 22] at Didlington Hall, Swaffham.

On 2nd September 1885 William Cecil [aged 30] and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 28] were married. He the son of William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter [aged 60].

In 1886 [her son] William Amherst Cecil was born to [her husband] William Cecil [aged 31] and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 28]. He married 14th April 1910 Gladys Evelyn Baggallay and had issue.

In 1887 [her son] Thomas James Amherst Cecil was born to [her husband] William Cecil [aged 32] and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 29]. He married Vera Agnes Barclay.

In 1890 [her son] John Francis Amherst Cecil was born to [her husband] William Cecil [aged 35] and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 32]. He married Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt.

The London Gazette 26328. Whitehall, September 22, 1892. THE Queen has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, dated the 26th August, 1892, to grant the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom unto [her father] William Amhurst Tyssen-Amherst [aged 57], of Amherst, in the county of Kent, Didlington Hall, in the county of Norfolk, and of Hackney, in the county of London, Esq, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Amherst of Hackney, in the county of London, and, in default of such issue male, to hold the name, style, and title of Baroness Amherst of Hackney, to Mary Rothes Margaret Cecil [aged 35], wife of [her husband] William Cecil [aged 37] (commonly called Lord William Cecil), Lieutenant-Colonel of the 4th Battalion of the Lincolnshire Regiment, eldest daughter of the said William Amhurst Tyssen Amherst; and, after her decease, and in default of such issue of the said William Amhurst Tyssen-Amherst, to hold the name, style, and title of Baron Amherst of Hackney, to the heirs male lawfully begotten of the body of the said Mary Rothes Margaret Cecil.

In 1893 [her son] Henry Mitford Amherst Cecil was born to [her husband] William Cecil [aged 38] and Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 35]. He married Yvonne Cornwallis, daughter of Fiennes Cornwallis 1st Baron Cornwallis and Mabel Leigh Baroness Cornwallis.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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In 1901 Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 43] began excavations at Qubbet el-Hawa near Aswan. In all, Lady William Cecil uncovered thirty-two tombs at the site which became known as the "Cecil Tombs".

In 1903 Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 45] published her findings "Report on the Work Done at Aswan" in the Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte.

On 16th January 1909 [her father] William Tyssen-Amherst 1st Baron Amherst [aged 73] died. His daughter Mary [aged 51] succeeded 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney in London.

On 14th April 1910 [her son] William Amherst Cecil [aged 24] and [her daughter-in-law] Gladys Evelyn Baggallay [aged 26] were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square.

On 19th September 1914 [her son] William Amherst Cecil [aged 28] was killed in action at the Battle of Aisne. He was buried at Soupir Communal Cemetery.

On 21st December 1919 Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst [aged 62] died. Her grandson William [aged 7] succeeded 3rd Baron Amherst of Hackney in London.

On 14th August 1924 [her former husband] William Cecil [aged 69] and Violet Maud Freer were married. He the son of [her former father-in-law] William Alleyne Cecil 3rd Marquess Exeter.

On 16th April 1943 [her former husband] William Cecil [aged 88] died at Haywards Heath West Sussex.

Ancestors of Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst 1857-1919

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Daniel

Great x 1 Grandfather: William George Daniel-Tyssen

GrandFather: William George Daniel-Tyssen

Great x 3 Grandfather: Jeffrey Amherst

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Amherst

Great x 1 Grandmother: Amelia Amherst

Father: William Tyssen-Amherst 1st Baron Amherst

Great x 3 Grandfather: Captain William Price

Great x 2 Grandfather: Brigg Price

Great x 4 Grandfather: Colonel Edward Clent of Knightwick in Worcestershire

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Clent

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Fountaine

Great x 1 Grandfather: Andrew Fountaine

Great x 3 Grandfather: George Hogge of Lynn Regis

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Hogge

GrandMother: Mary Fountaine

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Penrice

Great x 1 Grandmother: Hannah Penrice

Mary Rothes Tyssen-Amherst 2nd Baroness Amherst