The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 1714-1778

Paternal Family Tree: Bertie

Maternal Family Tree: Margaret Dewe 1668

In June 1711 [his father] Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 25] and [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven were married. He the son of [his grandfather] Robert Bertie 1st Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 50] and [his grandmother] Mary Wynn.

In 1714 Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven was born to [his father] Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 27] and [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

On 26th July 1723 [his grandfather] Robert Bertie 1st Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 62] died. His son [his father] Peregrine [aged 37] succeeded 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven, 2nd Marquess Lindsay, 5th Earl Lindsey, 18th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven by marriage Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

Before 24th November 1733 Charles Gounter Nicoll [aged 29] and [his future wife] Elizabeth Blundell were married.

In 1735 Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 21] and Elizabeth Blundell were married. He the son of Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 48] and Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

In 1736 [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven died.

Stonehenge by William Stukeley. Stonehenge A Temple Restored To The British Druids By William Stukeley [aged 52]. Rector Of All Saints In Stamford. To His Grace Peregrine Duke Of Ancaster And Kesteven [aged 25], Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain Of England, &C. &C. London: Printed For W. Innys And R. Manby, At The West End Of St. Paul's. MDCCXL.

On 1st January 1741 [his father] Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 54] died. His son Peregrine [aged 27] succeeded 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven, 3rd Marquess Lindsay, 6th Earl Lindsey, 19th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.

In 1743 [his wife] Elizabeth Blundell died.

The History of William Marshal, Earl of Chepstow and Pembroke, Regent of England. Book 1 of 2, Lines 1-10152.

The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.

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On 27th November 1750 Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 36] and Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven were married. She by marriage Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. He the son of Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

On 14th April 1754 [his daughter] Mary Catherine Bertie was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 40] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

On 21st May 1755 [his son] Peregrine Thomas Bertie was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 41] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. He died aged three in 1758.

On 17th October 1756 [his son] Robert Bertie 4th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 42] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven at Grimsthorpe, South Kesteven.

On 12th December 1758 [his son] Peregrine Thomas Bertie [aged 3] died.

On 14th December 1759 [his son] Unamed Son Bertie died.

On 14th December 1759 [his son] Unamed Son Bertie was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 45] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. He died aged less than one years old.

Around 1760 Joshua Reynolds [aged 36]. Portrait of Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 46].

On 16th February 1761 [his daughter] Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth Bertie 21st Baroness Willoughby of Eresby was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 47] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. She married 1779 Peter Burrell Baron Willoughby, 1st Baron Gwydyr and had issue.

On 7th August 1761 [his daughter] Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley was born to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 47] and [his wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. She married 25th April 1791 George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley and had issue.

On 11th November 1762 [his brother] Brownlow Bertie 5th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 33] and [his sister-in-law] Harriot Pitt [aged 17] were married at Cork Street. She died five months later. He the son of [his father] Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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On 12th April 1767 [his daughter] Mary Catherine Bertie [aged 12] died.

On 2nd January 1769 [his brother] Brownlow Bertie 5th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 39] and [his sister-in-law] Mary Anne Layard [aged 36] were married. He the son of [his father] Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and [his mother] Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

On 12th August 1778 Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [aged 64] died. His son Robert [aged 21] succeeded 4th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven, 4th Marquess Lindsay, 7th Earl Lindsey, 20th Baron Willoughby de Eresby.

After 22nd July 1779. Church of St Michael and All Angels, Edenham [Map]. Monument to Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and [his son] Robert Bertie 4th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven [deceased]. On the south side by Charles Harris [aged 30]. Pointed back panel of black marble before which is a carving of the deceased seated in ducal robes, holding a cameo of the [his former wife] Duchess, beside him stands the fourth Duke in Roman dress. The figures are flanked by urns. The base is carved with flutes and paterae and to the centre are bronze plates bearing the memorial inscription.

Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven: she was born to Thomas Panton of Newmarket. On 27th November 1750 Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and she were married. She by marriage Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. He the son of Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven. On 19th October 1793 she died.

On 19th October 1793 [his former wife] Mary Panton Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven died.

Royal Ancestors of Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 1714-1778

Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 20 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 12 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 27 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 22 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 1714-1778

Great x 4 Grandfather: Peregrine Bertie 13th Baron Willoughby 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Vere Baroness Willoughby of Eresby 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Montagu Bertie 2nd Earl Lindsey 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Montagu 1st Baron Montagu 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Jeffrey

Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Bertie 3rd Earl Lindsey 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cockayne

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Cockayne

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Medcalf

Great x 2 Grandmother: Martha Cockayne Countess Holderness

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Morris

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Morris Countess Dover

GrandFather: Robert Bertie 1st Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip Wharton 3rd Baron Wharton 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Wharton 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Clifford Baroness Wharton 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip Wharton 4th Baron Wharton 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Carey 1st Earl Monmouth 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Philadelphia Carey 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Trevannion Countess Monmouth

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Wharton Countess Lindsey 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Wandesford Baroness Wharton

Father: Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Maurice Wynn

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Wynn 1st Baronet

Great x 4 Grandmother: Sian Bulkeley

Great x 2 Grandfather: Owen Wynn 3rd Baronet

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gerard

Great x 3 Grandmother: Sidney Gerard

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Wynn 4th Baronet

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Williams

Great x 3 Grandfather: Hugh Williams

Great x 2 Grandmother: Grace Williams

GrandMother: Mary Wynn

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Myddelton

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Myddelton of Chirk

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jane Dryhurst

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Saltonstall

Great x 3 Grandmother: Hester Saltonstall

Great x 4 Grandmother: Suzanna Poyntz

Great x 1 Grandmother: Sarah Myddelton

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Napier 1st Baronet

Great x 2 Grandmother: Maria Napier

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Robinson

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Robinson

Peregrine Bertie 3rd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Brownlow

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Brownlow 1st Baronet

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Brownlow 2nd Baronet

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Duncombe

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Duncombe

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Bennett

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Bennett

GrandFather: John Brownlow 3rd Baronet

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Freke of Iwerne Courtney

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Freke

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Swayne

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Freke of Stretton in Dorset

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Taylor of Burton Bradstock

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Taylor

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Freke Lady Brownlow

Mother: Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Sherard

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Sherard of Lobthorpe

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Sherard of Lobthorpe

Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Brownlow

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Brownlow

GrandMother: Alice Sherard Baroness Brownlow

Great x 2 Grandfather: Lumley Dewe of Bishop Upton in Hereforeshire

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Dewe