The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Howard
Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Stumpe
Before 1572 [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 10] and Mary Dacre [aged 8] were married. She by marriage Baroness Audley Walden in Essex. She died six years later three months short of her fifteenth birthday. She being his step-sister. An unusual example of a Marriage of Three Sets of Siblings where, in this case, three brothers, married three sisters, who were also step-siblings, as a means of keeping the sisters inheritance. She the daughter of Thomas Dacre 4th Baron Dacre Gilsland 8th Baron Greystoke and Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk. He the son of [his grandfather] Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk [aged 35] and [his grandmother] Margaret Audley Duchess Norfolk. They were half third cousin once removed.
Before 1580 Richard Rich and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 15] were married.
Before 1582 [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 20] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Baroness Audley Walden in Essex. He the son of [his grandfather] Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk and [his grandmother] Margaret Audley Duchess Norfolk. They were third cousins.
On 8th October 1587 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire was born to [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 26] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 23] at Saffron Walden, Essex [Map].
In 1597 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 35] was created 1st Baron Howard de Walden by writ of summons. Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 33] by marriage Baroness Howard de Walden. His mother's father was the first and last Baron Audley Walden in Essex.
Around 1597 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 9] educated at Magdalene College aka Buckingham, Cambridge University.
In 1603 [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Suffolk. [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 39] by marriage Countess Suffolk.
In 1603 [his brother-in-law] Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex [aged 11] and [his sister] Frances Howard Countess Essex and Somerset [aged 12] were married. They were separated after the wedding given their young age. Essex went on a European tour from 1607 to 1609. When he returned she avoided him having fallen for Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset [aged 16] whilst her husband was away. He was ill with smallpox. She sought an annulment with her father Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex and uncle Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 62] acting for her. She maintained the marriage had not been consummated and was examined by ten matrons and two midwives who found her hymen intact. It was widely rumoured at the time that Sir Thomas Monson's [aged 38] daughter was a substitute, which is possible because she had requested to be veiled during the examination "for modesty's sake". He maintained he was capable with other women, but was unable to consummate his marriage blaming her. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 41] and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 39]. He the son of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex and Frances Walsingham Countess Essex [aged 36]. They were fourth cousins.
In 1604 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 16] was knighted.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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In 1604 [his brother-in-law] Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex [aged 12] was restored 3rd Earl Essex, 4th Viscount Hereford, 13th Baron Ferrers of Chartley, 10th Baron Bourchier although it isn't clear whether the latter three titles were forfeit when his father was executed in 1601. [his sister] Frances Howard Countess Essex and Somerset [aged 13] by marriage Countess Essex.
In 1605 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 17] was elected MP Lancaster.
On 23rd December 1605 [his brother-in-law] William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [aged 61] and [his sister] Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Baroness Knollys. The difference in their ages was 39 years. She the daughter of [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 44] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 41]. They were third cousin once removed.
On 1st December 1608 [his brother-in-law] William Cecil 2nd Earl Salisbury [aged 17] and [his sister] Catherine Howard Countess Salisbury [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 47] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 44]. He the son of Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 45] and Elizabeth Brooke. They were fifth cousins.
In 1612 [his brother] Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk [aged 29] and [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk [aged 13] were married. She the daughter of George Home 1st Earl Dunbar and Elizabeth Gordon Countess Dunbar [aged 37]. He the son of [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 50] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 48].
On 24th May 1612 Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 48] died at Marlborough, Wiltshire [Map]. His son [his brother-in-law] William [aged 21] succeeded 2nd Earl Salisbury. [his sister] Catherine Howard Countess Salisbury [aged 22] by marriage Countess Salisbury.
On 25th September 1613 [his brother-in-law] Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex [aged 22] and [his sister] Frances Howard Countess Essex and Somerset [aged 23] marriage annulled by King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [aged 47]. She married Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset [aged 26] three months later.
On 26th December 1613 [his brother-in-law] Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset [aged 26] and [his sister] Frances Howard Countess Essex and Somerset [aged 23] were married. She by marriage Countess Somerset. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 52] and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 49].
Her marriage with her first husband Robert Devereux 3rd Earl Essex [aged 22] had been annulled on the grounds of his impotence three months before causing something of a scandal.
In 1614 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 26] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 18] were married. She the daughter of William Cecil 2nd Earl Exeter [aged 48] and Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter [aged 35]. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 52] and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 50]. They were fourth cousins.
In 1614 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 26] was elected MP Wiltshire.
In 1615 [his son] Charles Howard 2nd Earl Berkshire was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 27] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 19]. He married 10th April 1637 his third cousin once removed Dorothy Savage Countess Berkshire, daughter of Thomas Savage 1st Viscount Savage and Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers, and had issue.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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In 1616 [his daughter] Mary Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 28] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 20].
In 1616 [his brother-in-law] William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [aged 72] was created 1st Viscount Wallingford. [his sister] Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 33] by marriage Viscountess Wallingford.
On 14th November 1619 [his son] Thomas Howard 3rd Earl Berkshire was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 32] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 23].
In 1620 [his son] Henry Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 32] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 24]. He married 7th July 1648 his fourth cousin Elizabeth Spencer Baroness Craven, daughter of William Spencer 2nd Baron Spencer and Penelope Wriothesley Baroness Spencer Wormleighton.
On 19th July 1620 Henry Grey 1st Earl Stamford [aged 21] and [his sister-in-law] Anne Cecil [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Baroness Grey of Groby. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] William Cecil 2nd Earl Exeter [aged 54] and [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter [aged 42]. They were fourth cousins.
In 1621 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 33] was elected MP Cricklade.
In 1621 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 33] was created 1st Viscount Andover in Hampshire, 1st Baron Howard of Charlton in Wiltshire. [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 25] by marriage Baroness Howard of Charlton in Wiltshire.
In 1622 [his son] William Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 34] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 26]. He married 4th April 1649 Elizabeth Dundas and had issue.
Letters of John Chamberlain Volume 2.315. [19th January 1622] The Marquis Buckingam [aged 29] hath contracted with the [his brother-in-law] Lord [aged 78] and [his sister] Lady Wallingford [aged 39] for their house neere White-hall, for some monie, and the making of Sir Thomas Howard baron of Charleton and Vicount Andover [aged 34], and some thincke the deliverie of the Lord of Somerset [aged 35] and his Lady [aged 31] out of the Towre was part of the bargain. I heare they came out severally on Thursday in the evening and lay that night at Northampton House. Then they are to go to Master Gibbes by Otelands, and so to Grayes a house of the Lord of Wallingfords in Oxfordshire where they are to continue.
Around 1624 [his brother] Edward Howard 1st Baron Howard [aged 22] and [his sister-in-law] Mary Boteler Baroness Howard were married. He the son of [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 62] and [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 60].
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 1st January 1624 Henry de Vere 18th Earl of Oxford [aged 30] and [his sister-in-law] Diana Cecil Countess of Oxford and Elgin [aged 28] were married. She by marriage Countess of Oxford. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] William Cecil 2nd Earl Exeter [aged 58] and [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter [aged 45]. He the son of Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth TrenthamCountess of Oxford. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On or before 2nd November 1624 [his son] Edward Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 37] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 28]. He was baptised on 2nd November 1624 at St Martin in the Fields Church [Map].
In 1625 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 37] was appointed 422nd Knight of the Garter by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 24].
In 1626 [his brother-in-law] William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [aged 82] was created 1st Earl Banbury. [his sister] Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 43] by marriage Countess Banbury.
In January 1626 [his son] Robert Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 38] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 30]. He married after 1665 his fourth cousin once removed Honora O'Brien, daughter of Henry O'Brien 5th Earl Thomond and Mary Brereton Countess Thomond.
On 7th February 1626 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Berkshire. [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 30] by marriage Countess Berkshire.
On 28th May 1626 [his father] Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 64] died at Charing Cross [Map]. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. His son [his brother] Theophilus [aged 43] succeeded 2nd Earl Suffolk. [his sister-in-law] Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk [aged 27] by marriage Countess Suffolk.
Around 1627 [his daughter] Frances Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 39] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 31]. She married 8th February 1650 her half fifth cousin once removed Conyers Darcy 2nd Earl Holderness, son of Conyers Darcy 1st Earl Holderness and Grace Rokeby, and had issue.
In March 1628 Henry Grey 1st Earl Stamford [aged 29] was created 1st Earl Stamford. [his sister-in-law] Anne Cecil Countess Stamford [aged 32] by marriage Countess Stamford.
On 12th April 1628 [his brother] Edward Howard 1st Baron Howard [aged 26] was created 1st Baron Howard of Escrick. [his sister-in-law] Mary Boteler Baroness Howard by marriage Baroness Howard of Escrick.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 5th March 1629 [his son] Philip Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 41] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 33]. He married before 1679 Mary Jennings.
On 12th November 1629 Thomas Bruce 1st Earl Elgin [aged 30] and [his sister-in-law] Diana Cecil Countess of Oxford and Elgin [aged 33] were married. She the daughter of [his father-in-law] William Cecil 2nd Earl Exeter [aged 63] and [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Drury Countess Exeter [aged 51].
On 25th May 1632 [his brother-in-law] William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [aged 88] died. His son [his nephew] Edward [aged 5] de jure 2nd Earl Banbury, 2nd Viscount Wallingford, 2nd Baron Knollys. Parliament disallowed the succession on the basis that Edward had been born when William was some eighty-two years old and Edward was, in fact, the son of Edward Vaux 4th Baron Vaux Harrowden [aged 43] whom Edward's mother [aged 49] subsequently married around a month after William's death.
Around 30th June 1632 [his brother-in-law] Edward Vaux 4th Baron Vaux Harrowden [aged 43] and [his sister] Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 49] were married some five weeks after the death of her first husband William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [deceased] on 25th May 1632. They, Edward and Elizabeth, when teenagers, had been subject to marriage negotiations which broke down as a consequence of the Gunpowder Plot and she had married William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury some thirty-nine years her senior. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 68]. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 23rd August 1632 [his sister] Frances Howard Countess Essex and Somerset [aged 42] died.
On 21st June 1633 Thomas Bruce 1st Earl Elgin [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Elgin. [his sister-in-law] Diana Cecil Countess of Oxford and Elgin [aged 37] by marriage Countess Elgin.
In 1636 [his daughter] Diana Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 48] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 40].
On 10th April 1637 Charles Howard 2nd Earl Berkshire [aged 22] and Dorothy Savage Countess Berkshire were married. She the daughter of Thomas Savage 1st Viscount Savage and Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers [aged 56]. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 49] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 41]. They were third cousin once removed.
In 1638 [his daughter] Elizabeth Howard was born to Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 50] and [his wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 42]. She married 1st December 1663 her fifth cousin once removed John Dryden and had issue.
In 1638 [his mother] Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 74] died.
On 3rd June 1640 [his brother] Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk [aged 57] died at Suffolk House, Suffolk Street. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. His son [his nephew] James [aged 21] succeeded 3rd Earl Suffolk, 3rd Baron Howard de Walden.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 7th July 1648 Henry Howard [aged 28] and Elizabeth Spencer Baroness Craven [aged 31] were married. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 60] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 52]. They were fourth cousins.
On 4th April 1649 William Howard [aged 27] and Elizabeth Dundas [aged 23] were married. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 61] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 53].
On 8th February 1650 [his son-in-law] Conyers Darcy 2nd Earl Holderness [aged 28] and Frances Howard [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 62] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 54]. He the son of Conyers Darcy 1st Earl Holderness [aged 51] and Grace Rokeby [aged 50]. They were half fifth cousin once removed.
On 26th February 1654 [his sister-in-law] Diana Cecil Countess of Oxford and Elgin [aged 58] died. She was buried at the Ailesbury Mausoleum, St Mary's Church, Maulden [Map] which her husband Thomas Bruce 1st Earl Elgin [aged 55] commissioned.
On 17th April 1658 [his sister] Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 75] died.
In 1663 [his son] Henry Howard [aged 43] died.
On 1st December 1663 [his son-in-law] John Dryden [aged 32] and Elizabeth Howard [aged 25] were married. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 76] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 67]. They were fifth cousin once removed.
After 1665 Robert Howard [aged 38] and Honora O'Brien were married. She the daughter of Henry O'Brien 5th Earl Thomond and Mary Brereton Countess Thomond. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 77] and Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 69]. They were fourth cousin once removed.
Samuel Pepys' Diary. 25th July 1666. By and by the King [aged 36] to dinner, and I waited there his dining; but, Lord! how little I should be pleased, I think, to have so many people crowding about me; and among other things it astonished me to see my Lord Barkeshire [aged 78] waiting at table, and serving the King drink, in that dirty pickle as I never saw man in my life. Here I met Mr. Williams, who in serious discourse told me he did hope well of this fight because of the equality of force or rather our having the advantage in number, and also because we did not go about it with the presumption that we did heretofore, when, he told me, he did before the last fight look upon us by our pride fated to be overcome. He would have me to dine where he was invited to dine, at the Backe-stayres.
On 3rd December 1666 James Stewart 1st Duke Cambridge [aged 3] was created 1st Duke Cambridge by James, Duke of York [aged 33]. See Samuel Pepys' Diary 1666 December 06.
Those present included King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 36], James, Duke of York, Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 46], [his brother-in-law] William Cecil 2nd Earl Salisbury [aged 75], George Monck 1st Duke Albemarle [aged 57], Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 79], Charles Stewart 6th Duke Lennox 3rd Duke Richmond [aged 27], Edward Montagu 2nd Earl Manchester [aged 64], James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 17].
On 16th July 1669 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 81] died. His son Charles [aged 54] succeeded 2nd Earl Berkshire, 2nd Viscount Andover in Hampshire, 2nd Baron Howard of Charlton in Wiltshire. Dorothy Savage Countess Berkshire by marriage Countess Berkshire.
In 1672 [his former wife] Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 76] died.
John Evelyn's Diary. 16th February 1685. I din'd at Sr' Rob' Howard's [aged 59], Auditor of the Exchequer, a gentleman pretending to all manner of arts and sciences, for which he had ben the subject of Comedy, under the name of Sir Positive; not ill-natur'd, but insufferably boasting. He was sonn to the late Earl of Berkshire.
Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 14 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 20 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 15 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 8 Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 23 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 21 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Katherine Moleyns 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Tilney 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cheney 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Howard Earl of Surrey 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham 
3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Woodville Duchess Buckingham and Bedford 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Stafford Duchess Norfolk 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Percy Duchess Buckingham 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
GrandFather: Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert de Vere 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John de Vere 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Courtenay 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Colbroke
Great x 1 Grandmother: Frances Vere Countess of Surrey 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Trussell
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Trussell
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Donne
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Donne 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Hastings 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Father: Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ralph Audley 
Great x 2 Grandfather: Geoffrey Audley
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Audley 1st Baron Audley Walden
GrandMother: Margaret Audley Duchess Norfolk 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Grey 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Bonville 6th Baron Harington 
6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Cecily Bonville Marchioness Dorset 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Katherine Neville Baroness Bonville and Hastings 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Grey Baroness Audley 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Nicholas Wotton 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Wotton of Boughton Malherbe
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Wotton Marchioness Dorset
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Belknap
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Belknap
Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Knyvet 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Knyvet 8 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Grey 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Knyvet 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Knyvet of Charlton Wiltshire 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Katherine Moleyns 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Muriel Howard Viscountess Lisle 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick Tilney
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cheney 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
GrandFather: Henry Knyvet 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: James Pickering
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Pickering 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Lascelles 
4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Christopher Pickering 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Pickering 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Lewknor
Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger Lewknor
Great x 2 Grandmother: Jane Lewknor 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor Tuchet 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Echingham Baroness Audley Heighley 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Mother: Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandMother: Elizabeth Stumpe