Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Thomas Lovell was born to [his father] Thomas or Ralph Lovell of Barton Bendish Norfolk in Barton Bendish, Norfolk.
In 1479 [his father] Thomas or Ralph Lovell of Barton Bendish Norfolk [aged 44] died.
On 12th October 1485 Thomas Lovell was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer.
On 27th October 1485 Thomas Lovell was appointed Esquire to the Body to King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 28].
On 7th November 1485 Thomas Lovell was elected Speaker of the House of Commons.
On 7th November 1485 Thomas Lovell was elected MP Northamptonshire.
On 16th June 1487 a Lancastrian army defeated a Yorkist army at the Battle of Stoke Field; considered by many to be the last battle of the Wars of the Roses.
The Lancastrian army of Henry Tudor comprised:
John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford [aged 44].
Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford [aged 55].
George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 19].
Henry Willoughby [aged 36].
John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne [aged 45].
John Mordaunt [aged 31].
Richard Neville 2nd Baron Latimer of Snape [aged 19].
William Norreys [aged 46].
Edward Norreys [aged 23] wounded.
John Paston [aged 43].
George Stanley 9th Baron Strange Knockin 5th Baron Mohun Dunster [aged 27].
Edward Woodville Lord Scales [aged 31].
Thomas Lovell, knighted.
Henry Marney 1st Baron Marney [aged 40].
Edward Belknapp of Blackfriars in London
William Lyttelton [aged 37] who was knighted after the battle.
The Yorksists:
John de la Pole Earl Lincoln 1st [aged 25] was killed. Earl Lincoln extinct.
Thomas Fitzgerald [aged 29] and Martin Schwartz were killed.
Lambert Simnel [aged 10] fought and was captured. He was pardoned by King Henry VII and put to work in the in the royal kitchen as a spit-turner. When he grew older, he became a falconer. Almost no information about his later life is known.
Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell [aged 31] fought and escaped. He was attainted. Viscount Lovell, Baron Deincourt, Baron Grey of Rotherfield, Baron Lovel of Titchmarsh, Baron Holand forfeit.
Edmund Peckham was granted the manors of Alford, Eccles, Alderley, Chester, and Flint.
On 11th March 1489 Thomas Lovell was appointed Constable of Nottingham Castle.
Before 1490 Thomas Lovell and Eleanor Ratclyffe were married.
Before 1492 Thomas Lovell and Isabel Ros were married.
In 1492 George Manners 11th Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 22] became a ward of his uncle-in-law Thomas Lovell, husband of his mother's sister [his wife] Isabel Ros as a consequence of his father Robert Manners [aged 45] being deemed unable to administer his own affairs.
In 1499 King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 41] created a number of Garter Knights..
243rd Edward Poynings [aged 40].
244th John King of Denmark Norway and Sweden [aged 43].
245th Gilbert Talbot [aged 47].
246th King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 7].
247th Henry Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland [aged 20].
248th Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham [aged 20].
249th Charles Somerset 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 39]. The date sometimes given as 1496?
250th Edmund Pole 3rd Duke of Suffolk [aged 28].
251st Henry Bourchier 2nd Earl Essex 3rd Count of Eu.
252nd Thomas Lovell.
253rd Richard Pole [aged 37].
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Around 1509 [his wife] Isabel Ros died. Her nephew George Manners 11th Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 39] inherited her estates.
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1509. April 1509. Will of Henry VII [aged 52]:
At his manor of Richmond, Surrey [Map] March 24 Henry VII., the King makes his last will, commending his soul to the Redeemer with the words he has used since his first "years of discretion," Domine Jesu Christe, qui me ex nichilo creasti, fecisti, redemisti et predestinasti ad hoc quod sum, Tu scis quid de me facere vis, fac de me secundum voluntatem Tuam cum misericordia, trusting in the grace of His Blessed Mother in whom, after Him, has been all his (testator's) trust, by whom in all his adversities he has had special comfort, and to whom he now makes his prayer (recited), as also to all the company of Heaven and especially his "accustumed avoures" St. Michael, St. John Baptist, St. John Evangelist, St. George, St. Anthony, St. Edward, St. Vincent, St. Anne, St. Mary Magdalene and St. Barbara, to defend him at the hour of death and be intercessors for the remission of his sins and salvation of his soul.
Desires to be buried at Westminster [Map], where he was crowned, where lie buried many of his progenitors, especially his granddame Catharine wife to Henry V and daughter to Charles of France, and whereto he means shortly to translate the remains of Henry IV in the chapel [Map] which he has begun to build (giving full directions for the placing and making of his tomb and finishing of the said chapel according to the plan which he has "in picture delivered" to the prior of St. Bartholomew's beside Smithfield, master of the works for the same); and he has delivered beforehand to the abbot, &c., of Westminster, £5,000, by indenture dated Richmond, 13 April 23 Hen VII, towards the cost.
His executors shall cause 10,000 masses in honor of the Trinity, the Five Wounds, the Five Joys of Our Lady, the Nine Orders of Angels, the Patriarchs, the Twelve Apostles and All Saints (numbers to each object specified) to be said within one month after his decease, at 6d. each, making in all £250 and shall distribute 2,£000 in alms; and to ensure payment he has left 2,£250 with the abbot, &c., of West-minster, by indenture dated (blank) day of (blank) in the (blank) year of his reign.
His debts are then to be paid and reparation for wrongs made by his executors at the discretion of the following persons, by whom all complaints shall be tenderly weighed, viz, the abp of Canterbury [aged 59], Richard bp of Winchester [aged 61], the bps of London and Rochester [aged 39], Thomas Earl of Surrey [aged 66], Treasurer General, George Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 41], Steward of the House, Sir Charles Somerset Lord Herbert [aged 49], Chamberlain, the two Chief Justices, Mr. John Yong [aged 44], Master of the Rolls, Sir Thomas Lovell, Treasurer of the House, Mr. Thomas Routhall, secretary, Sir Ric Emson [aged 59], Chancellor of the Duchy, Edm. Dudley [aged 47], the King's attorney at the time of his decease, and his confessor, the Provincial of the Friars Observants, and Mr. William Atwater, dean of the Chapel, or at least six of them and three of his executors.
His executors shall see that the officers of the Household and Wardrobe discharge any debts which may be due for charges of the same.
Lands to the yearly value of above 1,000 mks have been "amortised" for fulfilment of certain covenants (described) with the abbey of Westminster.
For the completion of the hospital which he has begun to build at the Savoie place beside Charingcrosse, and towards which 10,000 mks in ready money has been delivered to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, by indenture dated (blank), his executors shall deliver any more money which may be necessary; and they shall also make (if he has not done it in his lifetime) two similar hospitals in the suburbs of York and Coventry.
Certain cathedrals, abbeys, &c., named in a schedule hereto annexed [not annexed now] have undertaken to make for him orisons, prayers and suffrages "while the world shall endure," in return for which he has made them large confirmations, licences and other grants; and he now wishes 6s. 8d. each to be delivered soon after his decease to the rulers of such cathedrals, &c., 3s. 4d. to every canon and monk, being priest, within the same and 20d. to every canon, monk, vicar and minister not being priest. His executors shall bestow 2,£000 upon the repair of the highways and bridges from Windsor to Richmond manor and thence to St. George's church beside Southwark [Map], and thence to Greenwich manor, and thence to Canterbury.
To divers lords, as well of his blood as other, and also to knights, squires and other subjects, he has, for their good service, made grants of lands, offices and annuities, which he straitly charges his son, the Prince [aged 17], and other heirs to respect; as also the enfeoffments of the Duchy of Lancaster made by Parliaments of 7 and 19 Henry VII. for the fulfilment of his will.
Bequests for finishing of the church of the New College in Cambridge and the church of Westminster, for the houses of Friars Observants, for the altar within the King's grate (i.e. of his tomb), for the high altar within the King's chapel, for the image of the King to be made and set upon St. Edward's shrine, for the College of Windsor, for the monastery of Westminster, for the image of the King to be set at St. Thomas's shrine at Canterbury, and for chalices and pixes of a certain fashion to be given to all the houses of Friars and every parish church not suitably provided with such.
Bequest of a dote of 50,£000 for the marriage of Lady Mary [aged 13] the King's daughter with Charles Prince of Spain [aged 9], as contracted at Richmond (blank) Dec. 24 Henry VIII., or (if that fail) her marriage with any prince out of the realm by "consent of our said son the Prince, his Council and our said executors.".
Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1509. 9th May 1509.
19. [5735.] Henry VII's Funeral.
File of warrants to John Heron [aged 39], Treasurer of the Chamber, signed at the head by
(1) "Margaret R." [Countess of Richmond] and below by
(2) Chri. aBishop of York [aged 45],
(3) Ric. Bishop of Winchester [aged 61],
(5) John Bishop of Rochester [aged 39],
(6) T. Earl of Arundel [aged 59],
(7) T. Earl of Surrey [aged 66],
(8) C. Somerset [Lord Herbert] [aged 49],
(9) John Yong [aged 44],
(10) Sir Th. Lovell,
(11) Thomas Rowthale, and
(12) Sir John Cutte, or some of them, as executors of Henry VII., for payments towards the expenses of the funeral. The receipts attached indicate that Heron paid the money by the hands of John Daunce. The warrants are:—
F. 11.—24 April 1 Henry VIII. for £1,000 to Andrew Wyndesore, the King's "wardroper" for black cloth for hangings in the chapel, &c. and for liveries to lords and others present. Signed by 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12. (at ƒ. 21., Wyndesore's receipt, 29 Apr.).
F. 12.—26 Apr., £20 to Henry Smyth for timber work on the hearse. Signed by 1,7, 3, 8, 5. (Smyth's receipt, 29 Apr., subscribed)
F. 13.—28 Apr., £40 to Henry Wyatt for messengers and other charges. Sig. 1, 2, 3, 8. (at f. 26a, holograph note by Wyatt, 28 April, enclosing this, as from "thexecutors," to Heron, or in his absence Richard Tryse, with request for the money to be sent in groats by Richard Lee.)
F. 14.—9 May, £666 13s. 4d. to Sir John Cutte for payments to St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey, the four houses of Friars, &c. Sig. 1, 7, 3, 6., 8, 10, 12. (at ƒ. 18, Cutte's receipt, 20 May.)
F. 15.—28 Apr., £500 to Sir John Cutte, for scocheons, banners &c. Sig. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12. (at ƒ. 15a, Cutte's receipt, 30 April.)
F. 17.—26 May, 2,£895 11s. 2d. to Andrew Wyndesore, esq., Master of the Great Wardrobe, for funeral expenses of the Household and for rewards &c. Sig. 1, 7, 3, 8, 5, 10, 11, 9, 12. (at ƒ. 19, Wyndesore's receipt, 8 June.)
F. 20.—25 Apr., £500 to Sir John Cutte for torches &c. Sig. 1, 7, 3, 4, 8, 10, 6. (at ƒ. 16, Cutte's receipt, 28 Apr.)
F. 21a.—1 May, 2,£000 to Andrew Wyndesore, Keeper of the Great Wardrobe, for "divers things." Sig. 1, 7, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12. (at ƒ. 22, Wyndesore's receipt, 12 May.)
F. 25.—25 Apr., £250 to Andrew Wyndesore and William Pawne, to be employed, by oversight of Sir Thomas Brandon, "for the chare and other apparels belonging to the Stable." Sig. 1, 7, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12. (at ƒ. 24, Pawne's receipt, 1 June.)
F. 26.—Undated, to "Master Doctor Edmayn the King's aumosner," for alms and wages of 330 poor men from Richmond to Westminster £66, 100 torch bearers from St. George's Barre to Westminster £10, alms by the way from Richmond to London £100, choirs of Paulles and Westminster each £10, and 30 "men lakkyng of the Household" to bear staff torches from Richmond to Westminster £6 Sig. 1, 7, 3, 8, 5, 10. (at ƒ. 27, receipt, by Richard Rayner, of the above, on behalf of Dr. "Edname," 8 May.)
F. 28.—5 May, £100 each to Mr. Roger Lupton, Mr. Richard Rawlyns, Mr. (blank) Honywode and Mr. Robert Bekynsals, for alms to be distributed in London and Westminster and the suburbs. Sig. 1, 7, 3, 8, 5, 10. (at ƒ. 23, several receipts signed by Rawlyns, Robert Honywode, Bekynsaw and Lupton, 11 May.)
S.P. Henry VIII., 1, f. 11. R. O.
22nd January 1513. Ordnance. Bill made 24 Dec. 4 Henry VIII., witnessing payment by Sir John Cutte of 4s. each to 37 persons (named but not described) by virtue of a warrant signed by George Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 45], Charles Somersett Lord Herbert [aged 53] and Sir Thomas Lovell, dated 23 Dec. Three payments of later date, to 22 Jan. ao 4, are added. Entries signed by the recipients, John Lymster, Th. Dollyng, &c.
Sebastian Giustinian [aged 56] wrote on 17th July 1516 that Thomas Lovell had withdrawn himself from public affairs; probably as a consequence of Wolsey's [aged 43] rise to power.
Chronicle of Edward Hall [1496-1548]. April 1522. Then the Cardinal called the four hostages, that lay here for the payment of money for Turney, and they tour were delivered, to my lord of Saint Johns, to Sir Thomas Lovell, to Sir Andrewe Windsor [aged 55], and to Sir Thomas Neville [aged 47], every knight one to keep safe, and none of their country to speak with them privately, and the Ambassador was commanded to keep his house in silence, and not to come in presence, till he was sent for, which order sore abashed the French hostages, and the Ambassador, but there was no remedy, and commandment was given to the Mayor at London, to attach all the Frenchmen body and goods, and them to keep in prison, till he hard farther of the King's pleasure. Then were all the Frenchmen in London and about, arrested and brought to prison, so that all the prisons in and about London, were full of them, some of them escaped by speaking Dutch, and said they were Flemings borne, which was not tried.
On 25th May 1524 Thomas Lovell died.