The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey 1781-1859

Paternal Family Tree: Robinson Family 3

Maternal Family Tree: Susan Alinton

In 1780 [his father] Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham (age 41) and [his mother] Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham (age 23) were married. She by marriage Baroness Grantham. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke (age 59) and [his grandmother] Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey (age 56).

On 8th December 1781 Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey was born to [his father] Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham (age 43) and [his mother] Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham (age 25).

On 20th July 1786 [his father] Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham (age 47) died. His son Thomas (age 4) succeeded 3rd Baron Grantham.

In 1792 Norton Robinson 5th Baronet (age 77) died. His first cousin once removed Thomas (age 10) succeeded 6th Baronet Robinson of Newby in Yorkshire.

On 20th July 1805 Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 23) and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 21) were married. She the daughter of William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen and Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen.

In 1806 [his daughter] Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 24) and [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 21). She married 1833 George Augustus Frederick Cowper 6th Earl Cowper, son of Peter Nassau Clavering-Cowper 5th Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb Countess Cowper, and had issue.

Around 1807 [his son] Thomas Philip Robinson was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 25) and [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 22). He died aged three in 1810.

On 5th February 1809 [his daughter] Mary Gertude Robinson was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 27) and [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 24). She married 5th July 1832 her third cousin once removed Henry Vyner and had issue.

Around 1810 [his son] Frederick William Robinson was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 28) and [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 25).

On 31st March 1810 [his son] Thomas Philip Robinson (age 3) died. Memorial at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map]

Thomas Philip Robinson: Around 1807 he was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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On 27th April 1810 [his brother-in-law] John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen (age 42) was appointed Knight of the Order of St Patrick.

Around 1814 [his daughter] Amabel Elizabeth Robinson was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 32) and [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 29).

In 1814 [his brother] Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon (age 31) and [his sister-in-law] Sarah Albinia Louisa Hobart (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Robert Hobart 4th Earl Buckinghamshire (age 53) and Margaretta Bourke.

In 1816 [his aunt] Amabel Yorke Countess Grey (age 64) was created 1st Countess de Grey with a special remainder to her sister [his mother] Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham (age 59) and her sister's male heirs.

In 1819 Bellingham Reginald Graham 7th Baronet (age 29) resigned as Commandant in 1819, following a public disagreement with Lord Grantham (age 37).

In August 1827 [his brother] Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon (age 44) was appointed Prime Minister.

Around 1828. William Robinson (age 29). Portrait of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 46).

On 9th January 1830 [his mother] Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham (age 73) died. She was buried at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map]. Memorial sculpted by W. T. Kelsey.

Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham: On 9th February 1756 she was born to Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke and Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey. In 1780 Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham and she were married. She by marriage Baroness Grantham. She the daughter of Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke and Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey. In 1816 Amabel Yorke Countess Grey was created 1st Countess de Grey with a special remainder to her sister Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham and her sister's male heirs.

On 6th February 1831 [his son] Frederick William Robinson (age 21) died. Monument at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map]

Frederick William Robinson: Around 1810 he was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey.

On 2nd October 1831 [his brother-in-law] John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen (age 63) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of County Fermanagh.

On 5th July 1832 [his son-in-law] Henry Vyner (age 26) and Mary Gertude Robinson (age 23) were married. She the daughter of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 50) and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 48). They were third cousin once removed.

Annals of the six Kings of England by Nicholas Trivet

Translation of the Annals of the Six Kings of England by that traces the rise and rule of the Angevin aka Plantagenet dynasty from the mid-12th to early 14th century. Written by the Dominican scholar Nicholas Trivet, the work offers a vivid account of English history from the reign of King Stephen through to the death of King Edward I, blending political narrative with moral reflection. Covering the reigns of six monarchs—from Stephen to Edward I—the chronicle explores royal authority, rebellion, war, and the shifting balance between crown, church, and nobility. Trivet provides detailed insight into defining moments such as baronial conflicts, Anglo-French rivalry, and the consolidation of royal power under Edward I, whose reign he describes with particular immediacy. The Annals combines careful year-by-year reporting with thoughtful interpretation, presenting history not merely as a sequence of events but as a moral and political lesson. Ideal for readers interested in medieval history, kingship, and the origins of the English state, this chronicle remains a valuable and accessible window into the turbulent world of the Plantagenet kings.

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In 1833 [his brother] Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon (age 50) was created 1st Earl Ripon.

In 1833 [his son-in-law] George Augustus Frederick Cowper 6th Earl Cowper (age 26) and Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper (age 27) were married. She by marriage Countess Cowper. She the daughter of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 51) and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 48). He the son of Peter Nassau Clavering-Cowper 5th Earl Cowper (age 54) and Emily Lamb Countess Cowper (age 45).

On 4th May 1833 [his aunt] Amabel Yorke Countess Grey (age 82) died. Her nephew Thomas (age 51) succeeded 2nd Earl de Grey, 6th Baron Lucas of Crudwell. Monument at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map].

Amabel Yorke Countess Grey: On 22nd February 1751 she was born to Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke and Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey.

On 13th September 1837 [his daughter] Amabel Elizabeth Robinson (age 23) died. Memorial at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map]

Amabel Elizabeth Robinson: Around 1814 she was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey.

On 31st March 1840 [his brother-in-law] John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen (age 72) died. His son William (age 33) succeeded 3rd Earl Enniskillen, 2nd Baron Grinstead of Grinstead in Wiltshire.

1844 Appointment of Garter Knights

In 1844 Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 24) appointed Knights of the Garter:

694th. King Louis Philippe I of France (age 70).

695th. Ernest Saxe Coburg Gotha II Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 25).

696th. Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 62).

697th. James Hamilton 1st Duke of Abercorn (age 32).

698th. Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 2nd Earl Talbot (age 66).

699th. Edward Herbert 2nd Earl Powis (age 58).

On 2nd July 1848 [his wife] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey (age 64) died at 4 St James' Square. Monument at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map] sculpted by Terence Farrell.

Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey: On 22nd June 1784 she was born to William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen and Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen. On 20th July 1805 Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and she were married. She the daughter of William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen and Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen.

On 28th January 1859 [his brother] Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon (age 76) died. He has a monument at All Saints' Church, Nocton [Map] sculpted by Matthew Noble (age 41). His son [his grandson-in-law] George (age 31) succeeded 2nd Earl Ripon, 2nd Viscount Gooderich of Nocton in Lincolnshire. [his granddaughter] Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Marchioness Ripon (age 25) by marriage Countess Ripon.

Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Marchioness Ripon: On 17th April 1833 she was born to Henry Vyner and Mary Gertude Robinson. On 8th April 1851 George Frederick Samuel Robinson 1st Marquess Ripon and she were married. He the son of Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon and Sarah Albinia Louisa Hobart. They were first cousin once removed. In 1871 George Frederick Samuel Robinson 1st Marquess Ripon was created 1st Marquess Ripon. She by marriage Marchioness Ripon. On 28th February 1907 Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Marchioness Ripon died.

On 14th November 1859 Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey (age 77) died. His nephew [his grandson-in-law] George (age 32) succeeded 3rd Earl de Grey, 4th Baron Grantham, 7th Baronet Robinson of Newby in Yorkshire. His daughter Ann (age 53) succeeded 7th Baroness Lucas of Crudwell.

Monument at the De Grey Mausoleum, St John the Baptist Church, Flitton [Map] sculpted by Matthew Noble (age 42) in 1864.

Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper: In 1806 she was born to Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey. In 1833 George Augustus Frederick Cowper 6th Earl Cowper and she were married. She by marriage Countess Cowper. She the daughter of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey and Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey. He the son of Peter Nassau Clavering-Cowper 5th Earl Cowper and Emily Lamb Countess Cowper. In 1880 Ann Florence Robinson Countess Cowper died. Her son Francis succeeded 8th Baron Lucas of Crudwell.

Royal Ancestors of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey 1781-1859

Kings Wessex: Great x 22 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 19 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 25 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 20 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 23 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 13 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 29 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 18 Grand Son of Philip V King France I King Navarre

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 26 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey 1781-1859

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Robinson

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Robinson of York

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Metcalfe

Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Metcalfe

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Robinson 1st Baronet

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Tancred of Arden, Yorkshire

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Tancred

GrandFather: Thomas Robinson 1st Baron Grantham

Great x 2 Grandfather: George Aislabie of Studley Royal, Yorkshire

Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Aislabie

Father: Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham

Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey 13 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon Yorke of Dover

Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip Yorke

Great x 1 Grandfather: Philip Yorke 1st Earl of Hardwicke

GrandFather: Philip Yorke 2nd Earl of Hardwicke

Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles Cocks

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Cocks Countess Hardwicke

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Somers

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Somers

Mother: Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Campbell 4th Baronet 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Campbell 1st Earl Breadalbaine and Holland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Campbell 2nd Earl Breadalbaine and Holland 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Rich 1st Earl Holland 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Rich 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Cope Countess Holland 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Campbell 3rd Earl Breadalbaine and Holland 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Villiers

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Villiers 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Barbara St John 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Henrietta Villiers Countess Breadalbaine and Holland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Howard 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

GrandMother: Jemima Campbell 2nd Marchioness Grey 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Grey 10th Earl Kent 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Anthony Grey 11th Earl Kent 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Amabel Benn Countess Kent

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Grey 1st Duke Kent 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Lucas 1st Baron Lucas Shenfield

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Lucas Countess Kent 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Neville 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Amabel Grey 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Crew 1st Baron Crew

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Crew 2nd Baron Crew 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jemima Waldegrave Baroness Crew 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Armine 2nd Baronet 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Armine 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Crane