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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Cole
On 1st March 1736 William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen was born to [his father] John Cole 1st Baron Mountflorence (age 26).
In 1760 [his father] John Cole 1st Baron Mountflorence (age 50) was created 1st Baron Mountflorence of Florence Court in County Fermanagh.
In 1761 William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 24) was elected MP Enniskillen.
In November 1763 William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 27) and Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 21) were married.
On 30th November 1767 [his father] John Cole 1st Baron Mountflorence (age 58) died. His son William (age 31) succeeded 2nd Baron Mountflorence of Florence Court in County Fermanagh.
On 23rd March 1768 [his son] John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen was born to William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 32) and [his wife] Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 26). He married 1805 Charlotte Paget Countess Enniskillen, daughter of Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge and Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge, and had issue.
On 3rd October 1771 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 31) and Margaret Butler (age 23) were married. She by marriage Countess Belmore in the County of Fermanagh.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 1st May 1772 [his son] Galbraith Lowry-Cole was born to William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 36) and [his wife] Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 30). He married 15th June 1815 Frances Harris, daughter of James Harris 1st Earl Malmesbury and Harriet Maria Amyand Countess Malmesbury.
On 2nd March 1780 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 39) and Harriet Hobart Viscountess Belmore (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Belmore in the County of Fermanagh. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of John Hobart 2nd Earl Buckinghamshire (age 56) and Mary Anne Drury Countess Buckinghamshire.
Before 1784. Nathaniel Hone the Elder (age 65). Portrait of William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 47).
On 22nd June 1784 [his daughter] Henrietta Cole Countess de Grey was born to William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 48) and [his wife] Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 42). She married 20th July 1805 Thomas de Grey 2nd Earl de Grey, son of Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham and Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham, and had issue.
In 1789 William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 52) was created 1st Earl Enniskillen. [his wife] Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 47) by marriage Countess Enniskillen.
On 6th December 1789 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 49) was created 1st Viscount Belmore of Fermanagh. Harriet Hobart Viscountess Belmore (age 27) by marriage Viscountess Belmore of Fermanagh.
On 1st March 1794 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 53) and Mary Anne Caldwell Countess Belmore (age 38) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Belmore of Fermanagh.
On 30th November 1797 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 57) was created 1st Earl Belmore in the County of Fermanagh. Mary Anne Caldwell Countess Belmore (age 42) by marriage Countess Belmore in the County of Fermanagh.
On 2nd February 1802 [his brother-in-law] Armar Lowry-Corry 1st Earl Belmore (age 61) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. His son Somerset (age 27) succeeded 2nd Earl Belmore in the County of Fermanagh, Viscount Belmore of Fermanagh and Baron Belmore of Castle Coole in the County of Fermanagh. Juliana Butler Countess Belmore (age 18) by marriage Countess Belmore in the County of Fermanagh.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In September 1802 [his wife] Anne Lowry-Corry Countess Enniskillen (age 60) died.
On 22nd May 1803 William Willoughby Cole 1st Earl Enniskillen (age 67) died. His son John (age 35) succeeded 2nd Earl Enniskillen.
GrandFather: John Cole