The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire is in Helmsley [Map], Abbeys in England.
Chronicum Anglicanum by Ralph Coggeshall. 1132. A great plague afflicted the animals. In the same year, the Abbey of Rievaulx [Map] was founded by Walter de Espec, who also established the Church of the Holy Trinity at Kirkham, the monastery at Carham, and the Abbey of Saint Mary at Sawtry.
MCXXXII. Hoc anno maxima pestis animalium facta est, et facta est abbatia de Rei vallis a Waltero de Spec, qui et ecclesiam Sancte Trinitatis de Kirkeham et Carram fundavit, necnon et abbatiam Sancte Marte de Sartis.
On 8th June 1384 Thomas Ros 4th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 49) died at Uffington. He was buried at Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map]. His son John (age 15) succeeded 5th Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map].
On 6th August 1393 John Ros 5th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 24) died at Paphos returning from Pilgrimage. He was buried at Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map]. His brother William (age 23) succeeded 6th Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map].
1798. Thomas Girtin (age 22). Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map].
1803. Thomas Girtin. Ruins of Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map].
1803. John Sell Cotman (age 20). Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map].
1811. John Sell Cotman (age 28). The Refectory Doorway, Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map].
21st May 1906. Godfrey Bingley (age 63). Photographs of Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire [Map].






