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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine, Herefordshire, Welsh March, England, British Isles [Map]

St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine is in Bredwardine, Herefordshire [Map], Churches in Herefordshire.

. Originally Anglo-Saxon, the current nave of St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map] was constructed around 1080. The early church was believed to have a central tower but this and the original chancel were destroyed. There is a pronounced kink between nave and chancel.

1200. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Carving of lintel above north door. Possibly missing a Tympanum. From the Herefordshire School of Carving.

1200. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Carving of lintel above the south door. Herefordshire School of Carving.

1400. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Two effigies of unknown knights.

1904. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Memorial to George Jarvis, died 1794. In the year preceding his death he changed his will leaving everything to the poor of the Parishes of Bredwardine, Staunton-on-Wye and Letton in the proportion 13:11:6. The trustees, who commissioned this memorial by Richard Westmacott (presumably, or possibly his father), were Bishop Folliott Cornewall, Thomas Harley and George Cornewall 3rd Baronet.

Bishop Folliott Cornewall: On or before 9th May 1754 he was born. He was baptised on 9th May 1754. In 1808 Bishop Folliott Cornewall was translated to Bishop of Worcester. In 1824 Bishop Robert Eden 3rd Baron Auckland was ordained Priest by Bishop Folliott Cornewall, then Bishop of Worcester. On 5th September 1831 he died.

George Cornewall 3rd Baronet: On 16th January 1774 he was born to George Amyand aka Cornewall 2nd Baronet and Catherine Cornewall. He was baptised at St George's Church, Hanover Square. On 26th September 1815 George Cornewall 3rd Baronet and Jane Naper Lady Cornewall were married. On 26th August 1819 George Amyand aka Cornewall 2nd Baronet died. His son George succeeded 3rd Baronet Amyand aka Cornewall of Moccas Court in Herefordshire. Jane Naper Lady Cornewall by marriage Lady Amyand aka Cornewall of Moccas Court in Herefordshire. On 27th December 1835 George Cornewall 3rd Baronet died. His son Velters succeeded 4th Baronet Amyand aka Cornewall of Moccas Court in Herefordshire.

After 2nd September 1915. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Grave of Tom Gammon. Born in Bredwarine. King's Shropshire Light Infantry "C" Coy. 8th Bn. Died from an abscess aged twenty-three at the Cambridge Hospital in Aldershot where the battalion was training. The date of his daeth either 1st of September, as recorded on his grave, or the 2nd, as recorded on the memorial inside the Church. He was born in Bredwardine on June 25, 1892, to Thomas Arthur Gammond (died 1939) and Jane, née Davies (died 1935).

1918. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Memorials to soldiers who died in World War I.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

1942. St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map]. Memorials to soldiers who died in World War II. The top memorial being a reference to the LIsbon Maru disaster. On her final voyage, Lisbon Maru was being used to transport prisoners of war between Hong Kong and Japan when it was torpedoed on 1 October 1942, sinking with a loss of over 800 British lives.

1954. Vicars of St Andrew's Church, Bredwardine [Map].