The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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MP City of London is in Member Parliament.
In October 1416 Thomas Knollys (age 66) was elected MP City of London.
In 1460 Thomas Cooke was elected MP City of London.
In 1470 Thomas Cooke was elected MP City of London.
In 1523 George Monoux (age 58) was elected MP City of London.
In 1539 Richard Gresham (age 54) was elected MP City of London.
In 1545 Robert Broke was elected MP City of London which seat he held until 1554.
In 1545 Richard Gresham (age 60) was elected MP City of London.
In 1563 John White was elected MP City of London.
In 1571 John White was elected MP City of London.
Before October 1601 John Croke (age 48) was elected MP City of London.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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In 1624 Heneage Finch (age 44) was elected MP City of London.
In April 1640 Isaac Penington (age 56) was elected MP City of London in the Short Parliament.
In November 1640 Isaac Penington (age 56) was elected MP City of London in the Long Parliament which seat he held until 1653.
In 1690 William Turner (age 74) was elected MP City of London.
In 1727 John Eyles 2nd Baronet (age 44) was elected MP City of London.
On 13th May 1741 Edward Bellamy unsuccessfully stood to become MP City of London receiving 1312 votes.
In June 1817 Matthew Wood 1st Baronet (age 48) was elected MP City of London unopposed at a by-election. He held the seat until his death.
In 1945 Ralph Assheton 1st Baron Clitheroe (age 43) was elected MP City of London which seat he held until 1950.