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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

MP Grimsby

MP Grimsby is in Member Parliament.

1640 Short Parliament

1640 Long Parliament

1654 First Protectorate Parliament

1656 Second Protectorate Parliament

1659 Third Protectorate Parliament

1660 Convention Parliament

In 1523 John Heneage (age 38) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1529 John Heneage (age 44) was elected MP Grimsby.

In October 1553 George Henage (age 31) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1558 Marmaduke Tyrwhitt was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1572 Thomas Moryson was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1614 John Wray 2nd Baronet (age 27) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1621 Christopher Wray (age 20) was elected MP Grimsby.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

In 1624 Christopher Wray (age 23) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1625 Christopher Wray (age 24) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1628 Christopher Wray (age 27) was elected MP Grimsby.

Short Parliament

In April 1640 Gervase Holles (age 33) was elected MP Grimsby in the Short Parliament.

In April 1640 Christopher Wray (age 39) was elected MP Grimsby during the Short Parliament.

Long Parliament

In November 1640 Gervase Holles (age 33) was elected MP Grimsby in the Long Parliament.

In November 1640 Christopher Wray (age 39) was elected MP Grimsby during the Long Parliament.

Around September 1646 William Wray 1st Baronet (age 21) was elected MP Grimsby.

First Protectorate Parliament

On 3rd September 1654 William Wray 1st Baronet (age 29) was elected MP Grimsby during the First Protectorate Parliament.

Second Protectorate Parliament

Third Protectorate Parliament

In 1659 William Wray 1st Baronet (age 34) was elected MP Grimsby during the Third Protectorate Parliament.

Convention Parliament

In April 1660 William Wray 1st Baronet (age 35) was elected MP Grimsby during the Convention Parliament.

In 1661 Gervase Holles (age 53) was elected MP Grimsby which seat he held until his death in 1675.

In 1667 Freschville Holles (age 24) was elected MP Grimsby.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 28th September 1667. After dinner comes Sir Fr. Hollis (age 25) to me about business; and I with him by coach to the Temple [Map], and there I 'light; all the way he telling me romantic lies of himself and his family, how they have been Parliamentmen for Grimsby, he and his forefathers, this 140 years; and his father (age 60) is now: and himself, at this day, stands for to be, with his father, by the death of his fellow-burgess; and that he believes it will cost him as much as it did his predecessor, which was £300 in ale, and £52 in buttered ale; which I believe is one of his devilish lies.

The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.

Before 31st August 1679 Christopher Wray 2nd and 6th Baronet (age 27) was elected MP Grimsby.

In 1768 Anthony St Leger (age 35) was elected MP Grimsby which seat he held until 1774.

In 1880 Edward Heneage 1st Baron Heneage (age 39) was elected MP Grimsby which seat he held until 1895.