The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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MP Scarborough is in Member Parliament.
In October 1553 Leonard Chamberlain (age 49) was elected MP Scarborough.
In April 1554 Anthony Browne (age 45) was elected MP Scarborough.
In 1744 Edwin Lascelles 1st Baron Harewood (age 31) was elected MP Scarborough.
In 1761 John Major 1st Baronet (age 62) was elected unopposed MP Scarborough which set he held until 1768 when he was defeated. He did not stand for Parliament again.
On 27th November 1770 James Pennyman 6th Baronet (age 33) was elected MP Scarborough at a by-election.
On 28th June 1772 George Carpenter 2nd Earl Tyrconnel (age 22) was elected MP Scarborough.
In 1796 Charles Henry Somerset (age 28) was elected MP Scarborough.
In 1837 Thomas Charles Style 8th Baronet (age 39) was elected MP Scarborough which seat he held until 1841.
In 1847 George Phipps 2nd Marquess Normanby (age 27) was elected MP Scarborough which seat he held until 1851.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1852 George Phipps 2nd Marquess Normanby (age 32) was elected MP Scarborough which seat he held until 1857.