Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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Biography of Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont 1879-1962

On 10th December 1878 [his father] Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont (age 27) and [his mother] Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont (age 23) were married. Her father [his grandfather] Mayer Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (age 58) disapproved; he disowned her. He the son of [his grandfather] Agénor 10th Duc de Gramont (age 59).

On 29th September 1879 Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont was born to [his father] Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont (age 28) and [his mother] Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont (age 24).

On 17th January 1880 [his grandfather] Agénor 10th Duc de Gramont (age 60) died. His son [his father] Antoine (age 28) succeeded 11th Duke Gramont. [his mother] Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont (age 24) by marriage Duchess Gramont.

In 1904 Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont (age 24) and Élaine Greffulhe Duchess Gramont (age 21) were married. He the son of Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont (age 52) and Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont (age 48).

1904. Philip de László (age 34). Portrait of Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont (age 24).

On 25th July 1905 [his mother] Marguerite de Rothschild Duchess Gramont (age 49) died.

On 3rd August 1907 [his father] Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont (age 55) and [his step-mother] Princess Maria Ruspoli (age 19) were married. She by marriage Duchess Gramont. The difference in their ages was 36 years. He the son of [his grandfather] Agénor 10th Duc de Gramont.

1922. Philip de László (age 52). Portrait of Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont (age 42).

Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.

In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.

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On 30th January 1925 [his father] Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont 11th Duc de Gramont (age 73) died. His son Armand (age 45) succeeded 12th Duke Gramont. [his wife] Élaine Greffulhe Duchess Gramont (age 42) by marriage Duchess Gramont.

On 11th February 1958 [his wife] Élaine Greffulhe Duchess Gramont (age 75) died.

On 2nd August 1962 Armand de Gramont 12th Duc de Gramont (age 82) died.