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On this Day in History ... 2nd January

02 Jan is in January.

1315 Funeral of Piers Gaveston

1539 Anne of Cleves Journey to England

1644 Trial and Execution of the Hothams

1651 Manx Rebellion

1661 Charles II Continues to Reward those who Supported His Restoration

1861 Frederick William IV King Prussia Dies William I King Prussia Succeeds

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 2nd January

Annals Londonienses. [2nd January 1315] In the same year, Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, who had been killed and had not yet been buried but lay unburied at Oxford with the Friars Preachers, was now committed to the earth at Langley [Map] with great honour. For this, the king constructed a church of the Friars Preachers at that place.

Eodem anno Petrus de Gavastone, comes Cornubiæ, interfectus, et qui non fuit adhue humatus, sed apud Oxoniam jacuit inhumatus ad Fratres Prædicatores, nunc terre traditur apud Langeleie, cum maximo honore; pro quo rex construxit ecclesiam Fratrum Prædicatorum ibidem.

After 2nd January 1402. St Andrew's Church, Blickling [Map]. Memorial brass to Nicholas Dagworth of Blickling.

Nicholas Dagworth of Blickling: he was born to Nicholas Dagworth. Around 1395 he and Eleanor Rossall were married. On 2nd January 1402 he died without issue. His widow Eleanor Rossall sold the Blickling, Norfolk estates and around 1409 married a second time John Mortimer.

Engravings of Sepulchral Brasses Volume 1. Plate XIII. Sir Nicholas Dagworth, at Blickling [Map], 1401.

Blomefield’s Norf. vi. 384. Gough’s Sepulch. Monum. ii. 5.

"At the east end of the south aisle of Blickling Church, is a brass figure, armed cap-a-pie; under his head lie his helmet and crest, a griffin’s head erased. About him are four shields; at the first corner, Ermine, on a fess Gules 3 Bezants, Dagworth: at the fourth, Gules, a fess between six martlets or, Rosale; 2 and 3, the same arms impaled. Round the slab was this inscription:

"Here lies Nicholas of Dagworth, knight, formerly lord of Blickling, who died on the [?] day of the month of January, in the year of our Lord 1401. May God be merciful to his soul. Amen."

"Hic jacet Nicholaus de Dagworth, miles, quondam dominus de Blickling, qui obiit die mensis Januarii, anno domini Millessimo cccc. primo, cujus anime propicietur Deus. Amen."

"In 1364, Sir Nicholas Dagworth, Knt. afterwards Lord of Blickling, was commander in Acquitaine; in 1373 he was employed by King Edward III. in a secret negotiation with John Fastolff and others, in France. In 1376 he was sent by the King and council into Ireland, to examine into Sir William de Windsor’s carriage there: but, at the motion of Dame Alice Perers, he was stopped, she declaring him Sir William’s enemy, and that it was unjust to appoint one enemy to judge another; but the next year he was sent with full commission to reform the state of that kingdom. He was in as great esteem of King Richard II. as he had always been with Edward IIL., for in 1380 he, Sir John Haukewood, and Walter Skirlawe, doctor of the decrees, and dean of St. Martin’s le Grand, London, were sent into France to treat with the dukes and lords of Italy; and the same year, being one of the privy chamber to the King, he, with Bernard Vansedles, Simon de Burley the chamberlain, Robert Braybrook, licentiate in the laws, and Walter Skirlawe, had like powers to treat with the German princes; the next year, he and Skirlawe went as ambassadors to Pope Urban VI., and had power to treat with the King of Naples.

In 1384, he, John Baam and Sir John Haukewood, went ambassadors to the Pope, and to treat with Charles, King of Jerusalem and Sicily: and, notwithstanding his being so much in favour, in the 11th of Richard IJ. he was one of those impeached in parliament, and was imprisoned in Rochester castle in Kent; but being honourably discharged, was next year appointed a commissioner to treat with the French King, and with the Earl of Flanders; .in the 13th of Richard II. he was made one of the commissioners to take the oath of the King of Scotland, to the treaty then concluded, and afterwards demanded satisfaction of the Scots for infringing that treaty, and also the money for redemption of Robert Bruce.

He retired to his house at Blickling in Norfolk, and died without issue in January 1401.

[He appears to have made his will in December 1396, wherein, however, he ordered his body to be buried in the church of St. Bennett, near Paul's wharf, London. To Eleanor, his wife, who was the daughter of Walter, and sister and co-heir of Sir John Rosale, of Shropshire, he bequeathed one third part of his goods "to be quiet." (Testamenta Vetusta.) She was only twenty-six years old at his decease (Esch. 5 Hen.IV), and afterwards married John Mortimer, and was living in the 10th Hen. IV. Dugdale says of Sir Nicholas Dagworth that "with thirteen horse he fought with sixty French near to Flaveny; and by the means of certain chariots, which he made use of for his defence, (being placed in a circle whereunto he could enter at pleasure,) utterly vanquished them." Baronage, ii. 148. N.]

[In this brass appears the first approach towards pauldrons, in the overlapping epaulieres, which are considerably extended in front. The plates under the genouillieres occur likewise here, covering the upper edge of the greaves. See Meyrick’s Armour, ii.92. The cord which attaches the camail to the bascinet is also covered, a protection rendered necessary, as it was so often hewn down by the cut of the sword, and this is probably the earliest instance. S. R. M.]

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On 2nd January 1514 Bishop William Smyth (age 54) died at the Bishop of Lincoln's Palace, Buckden [Map]. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII 1539. 2nd January 1539. Anne of Cleves (age 23),

"The coming of the lady Anne's Grace from Dissildorf, in the land of Venberghe (von Berg?), to Calise."

Setting forth the stages between Düsseldorf and Antwerp, where she was met by the English merchants four miles outside the town, in 50 velvet coats with chains of gold, and received inside the town, with 80 torches burning in the daylight, and brought to the English lodging, where they kept open household one day for her and her train. Next day, the English merchants brought her on her way to Stekyn (the first stage on the way to Gravelines) and gave her a gift.

ii. The stages from Antwerp to Gravelines, where she was received by the captain with a shot of guns. Next morning, 11 Dec. 31 Henry VIII., she arrived within the English pale at Calais between 7 and 8 a.m., and was received by the lord Deputy, the lieutenant of the Castle, the Knight Porter, and the marshal of Calais, Sir George Carow, captain of Resbanke, and the captain of the Spears, well appointed with great horses, and with them the men of arms, in velvet coats and gold chains, and all the archers in the King's livery well appointed; "and so brought her towards Calais, a gentleman of arms of the King's and another of hers riding together." Within a mile of Calais she was received by the earl of Southampton, lord Admiral, with the lord Wm. Howard, Sir Fras. Brian, the lord Grey of Wilton, the lord Hastings, lord Clifford, lord Herbert, lord Tailbush, Sir Thos. Seymour, Sir Henry Knyvett, Mr. Gregory Cromwell, with "xxiiij" (qu. four score?) gentlemen in coats of satin damask and velvet, besides the said lords, who wore three collars of cloth of gold and purple velvet and chains of gold, and 200 yeomen, &c., in the King's colours, red and blue cloth. "Then the King's ships of (i.e. off) Newland as she came by them let 200 shots of guns," after which the town of Calais shot 300 pieces of ordnance. When she came to the Lantern Gate she stayed and viewed the King's ships, the Lion and the Sweepstake, decked with 100 banners of silk and gold, wherein were 200 master gunners and mariners and 31 trumpets, "and a double drum that was never seen in England before"; and so her Grace entered into Calais. At her entry, 150 pieces of ordnance let out of the said two ships made such a smoke that one of her train could not see another. "Where stood in order on both sides the streets, like a lane, with 500 soldiers in the King's livery of the retinue of Calais, and the mayor of Calais with his brethren, and the commons of Calais, and the merchants of the Staple, stood in like manner in array, and made a lane wherethrough she passed to her lodging." There the mayor and his brethren came to her and gave her 50 sovereigns of gold, and the mayor of the Staple, 60. Next morning "she had a gun shot, justing and all other royalty that could be devised in the King's garrison;" and kept open household there for the 15 days that she remained. On 27 Dec., St. John's Day, she took ship, and landed at the Downs, between 6 and 7 p.m., where she was met by the duke and duchess of Suffolk, who, with their train, accompanied her to Deal Castle. There she banquetted, and proceeded to Dover, where she tarried till Monday, and then set forth to Canterbury, where she was received by the Archbishop with other bishops and the gentlemen of Kent. On Tuesday she went to Sittingborne, and the "other" day, being New Year's Even, to Rochester, where she was received by the duke of Norfolk, accompanied by lord Dacres of the South, lord Mountjoy, the barons of the Exchequer, Sir Roger Towneshend, Sir Edw. Beningfield, Sir John Jermy, Sir Edm. Knyvett, Sir Edw. Wyndham, Sir Thos. Jermyn, Sir Jas. Bullyn, Sir Wm. Paston, Sir Fras. Lovill, Sir Th. Straunge, Sir John Clere, Sir Wm. Conysby, Mr. Ric. Southwell, Mr. Philip Calthrope, Mr. Robt. Townesend, H. Hubbert, Thos. Gibbon, Thos. Thursby, Erasmus Paston, Edm. Lumner, Thos. Tyndale, and Ralph Symons. There she remained New Year's Day; on which day the King, only with certain of his Privy Council, came and banquetted with her, and departed again to Greenwich. On Friday she removed to Dartford, and on Saturday, 3 Jan., she marched forwards to the Blackheath till she came to Shots hill (a misreading of Shoters hill), at the foot whereof was a very gorgeous tent or pavilion, "and there her Grace entered and shifted her, and tarried a certain space banquetting." Whereof hearing, the King marched through the park to meet her, in this manner:—First the trumpets blowing, then His Grace's chaplains, two and two in order, then the counsellors learned with other his counsel at large, as the Attorney, Solicitor, and Receiver of the Duchy of Lancaster, Dr. Peter, Mr. Peter Van, Sir John Williams, Sir Ric. Weston, Sir Wm. Essex, Sir John Dancy, Sir Brian Tuke, the Treasurer of the Tenths, Mr. Ric. Pollard, the Treasurer, Solicitor, Attorney, and Chancellor of the Augmentations, Mr. Wriothesley, Mr. Amnor (Almoner), and Comptroller of the Household. Then the King's privy chamber, the grooms first, and then Philip Hobby, Maurice Bercley, Th. Paston, Ric. Morison, Rauf Sadler, Ant. Knyvet, Peter Mutus, Ric. Crumwell, John Wellisborne, Thos. Culpeper, Ant. Deny, Sir Ant. Selenger, Sir Ric. Long, and Sir Thos. Henage. Then barons, bishops, earls, and dukes in their degrees, as the mayor of London and my lord Parr, the lords St. John and Hongerford, Mordaunt and Borough, Wentworth and Windsor, Tailbush and Sturton, Clynton and Ferrers, Morley and Delaware, Cliffe (qu. Clifford?) and Nevill, Bulbecke and Maltravers; the bishops of St. Asse and St. David's, Hereford and Lincoln, Durham and Winchester; the earl of Essex, the earls of Arundel and Surrey, of Hertford and Sussex, lord Russel, lord Sands and the earl of Oxford, the lord Crumwell and the lord Chancellor, the earl of Southampton and the duke Philip, the ambassadors of France and of the Emperor. Then the lord marquis Dorset bearing the sword before the King. The King. Next, the Master of the Horse leading the horse of estate, next the children of honour, and then the captain of the Guard, with the Guard following.

Whifflers appointed for order keeping: Sir Giles Stranguish, Sir Wm. Parr, Sir John Horsey, Sir Auth. Hongerford, Sir Wm. Barington, Sir John Brudge, Sir John Gifford, Sir Humph Foster, Sir John Sentlow, Sir John Villers, Sir Nic. Poyniz, Sir John Marcam, Edm. Littleton and Chas. Wingfeld.

Names of esquires and knights, but first, the 50 "gentlemen called Pensioners, which all stood from the park pale upon the heath to the meeting places (sic) after their degrees, &c., the King passing through, &c." Pensioners:—Sir Ric. Page, lieutenant, Sir Humph. Ratclif, Sir Osborn Ychingham, Sir John Nevill, Edw. Hastings, H. Stranguish, John Wingfeld, Edm. Brudges, John Chamborne, W. Long, Th. Morgan, W. Blount, W. Herbert, Ric. Breme, John Banester, Fras. Knollis, Henr. Jeringham, Gawen Carow, John Zowtche, Peter Carow, Edm. Skipwith, Palmer of Gloucester, Ric. Freston, Thos. Mantill, John Candish, Th. Ashley, W. Stafford, John Dramer, Th. Horne, W. Pelham, Giles Pole, Hen. Markeham, And. Flamoke, John Gresham, W. Calawey, T. Sacvile, Ric. Fremingham, Edw. Gruston, W. Skipwith, Edw. Vaughan, Ed. Bellingham, T. Bollis, T. Palmer, Rauf Vane, W. Ellerker, J. Portnare, Chr. Ludcote, Nic. Arnolds, Edm. Harvy, George Zoweche.

Knights:—Sirs Humph. Forster, John Gadge, Thos. Speyke, Hugh Poullet, Hen. Long, John Sent John, Th. Rotheram, Wm. Wyndisor, Robt. Dormer, Rauf Verney, T. Lonvile, Ant. Lee, John Nores, Th. Arundell, Ed. Willoughbie, T. Poynings, Giles Capell, Wm. Newenham, John Rainsford, T. Darcy, Clement Hurleston, Ed. Tame, John Seneclere, T. Toye, John Mordaunt, John Welsh, John Hurleston, Walter Denys, Hen. Parker, Griffith Doone, Philip Butler, Nich. Sterley, T. Tresham, Walter Stoner, T. Griffith, Robt. Kyrkham, John Byron, John Harcote, George Darcy, Ric. Padge, John Danet, Ric. Shurley, Wm. Ganinge, Arth. Hopton, Humph. Wingfield, Wm. Walgrave, Th. Parmeston, John Willoughbie, George Somerset, John Jernyngham, Thos. Lysle, Wm. Barcley, Peter Philpot, Wm. Gifford, Mich. Lister, Ant. Windisor, Edm. Gorge, Hen. Capell, John Newton, John Fulford, Walter Smith, Humph. Ferreis, John Russell, Edm. Walsingham, Edw. Brey, Percival Hert, Ric. Manering, T. Trenchard, Giles Alington, Robt. Payton, W. Gastoigme (sic), Wm. Fitzwilliam, W. Drewry, Th. Germyn, Th. Eliot, John Brown, John Hampden, John Rogers, W. Weste, Ri. Chameley, Fras. Dawtry, W. Fylding, Geo. Throgmerton, Humph. Browne.

Esquires:—Ant. Kyngston, Geo. Harper, Robt. Tyrwit, Leonard Rede, Robt. Drewry, T. Gifford, Rauf Lane, Edm. Knightley, Geo. Gifford, T. Edgare, Fras. Pigot, Robt. Cheynie, Edm. Fetiplace, T. Essex, W. Hide, Ric. Brudges, Alex. Humpton, Reynold Williams, Ed. Fabian, T. Vachell, Chr. Ashton, J. Yate, John Winchcombe (age 50), Roger Sturton, J. Zowtche, Robt. Coker, Robt. Byngham, George Troublefeld, John Wentwurth, John Tyrell, John Brown, Edw. Grene, Robt. Mordant, J. Christynmas, Ant. Coke, J. Becwit, Fras. Clovil, Edw. Tyrell, Hen. Appleton, W. Ayelif, Humph. Tyrell, Guy Crafford, Ric. Higham, J. Pontis, Nic. Wekis, T. Tame, Robt. Wyttney, T. Whyttyngton, Jas. Clifford, George Baneham, Arth. Porter, Ric. Tracy, Rauf Norwood, John Prout, J. Newdigate, J. Denton, John Haryngton, J. Damester, J. Skynner, J. Morrel, J. Shelley, J. Bracket, J. More, T. Nevill, Robt. Cheseman, Ant. Catesby, Ric. Catisby, Ant. Cope, F. Brudnell, T. Cave, Leonard Chamberlain, T. Carter, T. Waneman, Humph. Ashfeld, Ed. Sapcots, Ant. Colley, Leonard Brown, Chr. More, T. Heron, Oliver Sent John, J. Sacvile, J. Palmer, J Covert, J. Tetcher, J. Parker, J. Harman, John Pollet, J. Kingsmill, J. Spring, J. Sands, Nic. Gainisford, Roger Bellingham, Robt. Oxinbridge, T. Ashbury, T. Darell, Ant. Pelham, Ant. Rouse, Robt. Crane, Lionel Talmach, Robt. Garnesh, Ric. Candish, T. Sands, Nic. Titchborne, Nic. Uppeton, Robt. Puttyngham, Ric. Pexsale, J. Stowell, J. Rodeney, W. Wroughton, T. Yorke, Ed. Montpeson, J. Erneley, Robt. Long, J. Boneham, J. Chabe, T. Aprice, J. Pie, W. Lucye, J. Gascoigne, W. Willington, Fowlke Grevill, J. Grevill, Ed. Conway, Raignold Digby, Robt. Acton, T. Acton, — Chawmond, Young Wigeston, Ant. Sowthwell, H. Wyngfeld, G. Morgan, young Ferres, young Selenger, Robt. Markeham, — Basset, — Johnson, and Robt. Throgmerton.

In a modern hand, pp. 11.

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Memorials of affairs of state in the reigns of Q Elizabeth and K James I Volume 2. The next Day the King plaid in the Presence, and as good or ill Luck seldom comes alone, the Bridegroom (age 20), that threw for the King, had the good Fortune to win £1000 which he had for his Pains; the greatest part was lost by my Lord of Cranborne (age 13).

Diary of Anne Clifford. 2nd January 1619. The 2-3-4-5th I sat up and had many ladies come to see me, and much other company, and so I passed the time.

My Lord (age 29) went often to the Court abroad and on Twelfth Eve lost 400 pieces playing with the King.

In December 1644 Parliament decided to execute the Hothams, father and son, John Hotham 1st Baronet (age 55) and John Hotham (age 34).

On 1st January 1645 John Hotham was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians at Tower Hill [Map]. His father was executed the next day.

On 2nd January 1645 John Hotham 1st Baronet was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians; his son having been executed the previous day. His grandson John (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hotham of Scorborough in Yorkshire.

Diary of Isabella Twysden 1645. 2nd January 1645. The 2 of Janu Sr Jo: hothum (age 55) (father to Mr hothum) was beheaded on tower hill [Map].

Between September 1651 and November 1651 a rebellion against the Royalist leader of the Isle of Man James Stanley 7th Earl of Derby (age 44) who had been captured at the Battle of Worcester. His wife Charlotte Thouars Countess Derby (age 51) resisted the rebels with the aid of Philip Musgrave 2nd Baronet (age 44) and Illiam Dhone (her husband's Receiver General). The Countess eventually surrendered after hearing of her husband's death. Illiam Dhone changed sides and worked with Parliamentarian soldiers to achieve a bloodless coup. Illiam Dhone was eventually arrested by the Earl's son Charles Stanley 8th Earl of Derby (age 23) and executed by firing squad at Hango Hill on 2nd January 1663.

On 24th December 1660 Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 29) died of smallpox. Her brother Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester had also died of smallpox a few weeks before; she was buried in the same vault in the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map] on 2nd January 1661.

In early 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 30) rewarded of further tranche of those who supported his Restoration ...

On 2nd January 1661 Henry Bedingfield 1st Baronet (age 46) was created 1st Baronet Bedingfield of Oxburgh in Norfolk.

On 10th January 1661 Andrew Rutherford 1st Earl Teviot was created 1st Baron Rutherford with special remainder to his heirs and assignees whatsoever, and that under what provisions, restrictions, and conditions the said Lord Rutherford should think fit.

On 23rd January 1661 John Cole 1st Baronet (age 41) was created Baronet Cole of Newland.

On 23rd February 1661 Edward Smythe 1st Baronet (age 41) was created 1st Baronet Smythe.

On 4th March 1661 Compton Reade 1st Baronet (age 36) was created 1st Baronet Reade of Barton in Berkshire. Mary Cornwall Lady Reade (age 31) by marriage Lady Reade of Barton in Berkshire.

On 10th March 1661 Brian Broughton 1st Baronet (age 42) was created 1st Baronet Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.

On 20th March 1661 Thomas Rich 1st Baronet (age 60) was created 1st Baronet Rich of Sonning in Berkshire.

On 29th March 1661 Robert Cholmondeley 1st Viscount Cholmondeley (age 21) was created 1st Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells in County Meath.

On 30th March 1661 James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 50) was created 1st Duke Ormonde by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde (age 45) by marriage Duchess Ormonde.

On 30th March 1661 John Fettiplace 1st Baronet (age 35) was created 1st Baronet Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire. Anne Wenman Lady Fettiplace (age 31) by marriage Lady Fettiplace of Childrey in Berkshire.

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Samuel Pepys' Diary. 2nd January 1661. This day I lent Sir W. Batten (age 60) and Captn. Rider my chine of beef for to serve at dinner tomorrow at Trinity House, Deptford [Map], the Duke of Albemarle (age 52) being to be there and all the rest of the Brethren, it being a great day for the reading over of their new Charter, which the King hath newly given them.

John Evelyn's Diary. 2nd January 1661. The Queen-Mother (age 51), with the Princess Henrietta (age 16), began her journey to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map], in order to her return into France.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 2nd January 1662. An invitation sent us before we were up from my Lady Sandwich's (age 37), to come and dine with her: so at the office all the morning, and at noon thither to dinner, where there was a good and great dinner, and the company, Mr. William Montagu (age 44) and his Lady (but she seemed so far from the beauty that I expected her from my Lady's talk to be, that it put me into an ill humour all the day, to find my expectation so lost), Mr. Rurttball and Townsend and their wives.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1667 Marie Thérèse Bourbon was born to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 28) and Maria Theresa of Spain Queen Consort France (age 28). Coefficient of inbreeding 17.28%.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 2nd January 1667. After them, I, with several people, among others Mr. George Montagu (age 44), whom I have not seen long, he mighty kind. He tells me all is like to go ill, the King (age 36) displeasing the House of Commons by evading their Bill for examining Accounts, and putting it into a Commission, though therein he hath left out Coventry (age 39) and I and named all the rest the Parliament named, and all country Lords, not one Courtier: this do not please them. He tells me he finds the enmity almost over for my Lord Sandwich (age 41), and that now all is upon the Vice-Chamberlain (age 57), who bears up well and stands upon his vindication, which he seems to like well, and the others do construe well also.

On 2nd January 1668 Edward Conway 1st Earl Conway (age 45) was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 2nd January 1668. Up, and with Sir J. Minnes (age 68) by coach to White Hall, and there attended the King (age 37) and the Duke of York (age 34) in the Duke of York's lodgings, with the rest of the Officers and many of the Commanders of the fleete, and some of our master shipwrights, to discourse the business of having the topmasts of ships made to lower abaft of the mainmast; a business I understand not, and so can give no good account; but I do see that by how much greater the Council, and the number of Counsellors is, the more confused the issue is of their councils; so that little was said to the purpose regularly, and but little use was made of it, they coming to a very broken conclusion upon it, to make trial in a ship or two. From this they fell to other talk about the fleete's fighting this late war, and how the King's ships have been shattered; though the King said that the world would not have it that about ten or twenty ships in any fight did do any service, and that this hath been told so to him himself, by ignorant people. The Prince (age 48), who was there, was mightily surprised at it, and seemed troubled: but the King told him that it was only discourse of the world. But Mr. Wren (age 39) whispered me in the eare, and said that the Duke of Albemarle (age 59) had put it into his Narrative for the House, that not above twenty-five ships fought in the engagement wherein he was, but that he was advised to leave it out; but this he did write from sea, I am sure, or words to that effect: and did displease many commanders, among others, Captain Batts, who the Duke of York said was a very stout man, all the world knew; and that another was brought into his ship that had been turned out of his place when he was a boatswain, not long before, for being a drunkard. This the Prince took notice of, and would have been angry, I think, but they let their discourse fall: but the Duke of York was earnest in it. And the Prince said to me, standing by me, "God damn me, if they will turn out every man that will be drunk, they must turn out all the commanders in the fleete. What is the matter if he be drunk, so when he comes to fight he do his work? At least, let him be punished for his drunkenness, and not put out of his command presently". This he spoke, very much concerned for this idle fellow, one Greene. After this the King began to tell stories of the cowardice of the Spaniards in Flanders, when he was there, at the siege of Mardike and Dunkirke; which was very pretty, though he tells them but meanly.

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On 2nd January 1740 Elizabeth "Lady Betty" Hastings was buried at All Saints Church, Ledsham [Map]. Marble monument by Peter Scheemakers (age 49) with statues of her half-sisters Anna Hastings and Frances Hastings either side representing Piety and Prudence.

Anna Hastings: she was born to Theophilus Hastings 7th Earl Huntingdon and Mary Frances Fowler Countess Huntingdon. On 4th July 1750 Anna Hastings died.

Frances Hastings: she was born to Theophilus Hastings 7th Earl Huntingdon and Mary Frances Fowler Countess Huntingdon. On 10th February 1750 Frances Hastings died.

On 2nd January 1772 William Fitzherbert (age 60) committed suicide due to pecuniary troubles. Memorial at St Mary's Church, Tissington [Map] where he was buried.

On 2nd January 1789 Charles Wolfram Cornwall (age 53) died. Memorial in the Church of the Holy Cross, Winchester [Map] sculpted by John Francis Moore (age 44).

Charles Wolfram Cornwall: On 15th June 1735 he was born. In 1789 he was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons which position he held until his death in 1789.

After 2nd January 1849. Monument to James Archbold (deceased) at the Cathedral Church St Nicholas, Newcastle upon Tyne [Map] commissioned by his sister Jane Archbold.

James Archbold: In 1781 he was born. In 1840 James Archbold was elected High Sheriff of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1846 James Archbold was elected Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne. On 2nd January 1849 he died. He was buried at the churchyard of St Andrew's Church, Newcastle upon Tyne [Map].

On 2nd January 1861 Frederick William IV King Prussia (age 65) died. His brother William (age 63) succeeded I King Prussia.

Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. 2nd January 1863. Friday. 16 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea.

My dear Rose (age 43)

I have asked Whistler to dinner Thursday next at 6. Will you meet him?

Your

D G Rossetti (age 34)

Next Wednesday will do well for the Deed of Partnership

Births on the 2nd January

On 2nd January 1572 John Donne was born.

On 2nd January 1602 Thomas Twisden 1st Baronet was born to William Twysden 1st Baronet (age 36) and Anne Finch Lady Twysden (age 27).

On 2nd January 1652 Gilbert Heathcote 1st Baronet was born to Gilbert Heathcote and Ann Dickens (age 22) at Chesterfield, Derbyshire [Map].

On 2nd January 1667 Marie Thérèse Bourbon was born to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 28) and Maria Theresa of Spain Queen Consort France (age 28). Coefficient of inbreeding 17.28%.

On 2nd January 1688 John Chichester 4th Baronet was born to Arthur Chichester 3rd Baronet (age 29) and Elizabeth Drewe.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1695 Robert Salusbury Cotton 3rd Baronet was born to Thomas Cotton 2nd Baronet (age 23) and Philadelphia Lynch Lady Cotton (age 19).

On 2nd January 1700 Fitzroy Henry Lee was born to Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield (age 36) and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield (age 35). He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 2nd January 1703 George Cholmondeley 3rd Earl Cholmondeley was born to George Cholmondeley 2nd Earl Cholmondeley (age 37) and Elisabeth van Ruytenburgh Baroness Newborough and Newburgh (age 23).

On 2nd January 1717 Edward Seymour 9th Duke of Somerset was born to Edward Seymour 8th Duke of Somerset (age 21) and Mary Webb Duchess Somerset (age 20).

On 2nd January 1721 John Manners Marquess of Granby was born to John Manners 3rd Duke Rutland (age 24) and Bridget Sutton Duchess Rutland (age 21).

On 2nd January 1722 Charlotte Elizabeth Abdy was born to William Abdy 4th Baronet (age 32).

On 2nd January 1736 Raby Vane was born to Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington (age 31) and Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington (age 38). He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 2nd January 1760 Charles Long 1st Baron Farnborough was born.

On 2nd January 1775 Charles Tollemache was born to John Manners (age 44) and Louisa Tollemache 7th Countess Dysart (age 29).

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1777 Richard Charles Blunt was born to Charles William Blunt 3rd Baronet (age 46) and Elizabeth Peers Lady Blunt.

On 2nd January 1780 Berkeley Thomas Paget was born to Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge (age 35) and Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge (age 38).

On 2nd January 1784 Ernest Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha was born to Francis Saxe Coburg Gotha I Duke Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 33) and Augusta Reuss Duchess Saxe Coburg Gotha (age 26).

On 2nd January 1818 Andrew Agnew 8th Baronet was born to Andrew Agnew 7th Baronet (age 24).

On 2nd January 1825 Charles Parry Hobhouse 3rd Baronet was born to Henry William Hobhouse (age 33).

On 2nd January 1828 Arabella Fermor Lady Hesketh was born to Thomas Fermor 4th Earl Pomfret (age 57) and Amabel Borough (age 28).

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1853 Mathew Amcotts Wilson 3rd Baronet was born to Mathew Wharton Wilson 2nd Baronet (age 26).

On 2nd January 1885 Cuthbert Patrick Blake 6th Baronet was born to Patrick James Graham Blake 5th Baronet (age 23).

On 2nd January 1894 Vera Edyth Griffith-Boscawen Lady Boughton was born.

On 2nd January 1909 Major Thomas Mitford was born to David Freeman-Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale (age 30) and Sydney Bowles (age 29).

Marriages on the 2nd January

On 2nd January 1640 John Reade 1st Baronet (age 24) and Susanna Style Lady Reade were married.

On 2nd January 1655 Thomas Leventhorpe 4th Baronet (age 19) and Mary Bedell (age 20) were married. They were fifth cousins.

On 2nd January 1699 Benedict Calvert 4th Baron Baltimore (age 19) and Charlotte Lee Baroness Baltimore (age 19) were married. She by marriage Baroness Baltimore of Longford in Leinster. She the daughter of Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield (age 35) and Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield (age 34).

On 2nd January 1704 Frederick William I Duke Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 28) and Sophie Charlotte Hesse-Kassel Duchess Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 25) were married. She by marriage Duchess Mecklenburg Schwerin. She the daughter of Charles I Landgrave Hesse-Kassel (age 49) and Maria Amalia of Courland Landgravine Hesse-Kassel (age 50). They were fourth cousins.

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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1723 Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 25) and Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (age 22) were married. She by marriage Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld. He the son of John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld IV Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 64) and Charlotte Johanna Waldeck Wildungen Duchess Saxe Coburg Saalfeld. They were first cousin once removed.

On 2nd January 1757 Robert Nugent 1st Earl Nugent (age 48) and Elizabeth Drax Countess Berkeley and Nugent (age 37) were married.

On 2nd January 1769 Brownlow Bertie 5th Duke Ancaster and Kesteven (age 39) and Mary Anne Layard (age 36) were married. He the son of Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke Ancaster and Kesteven and Jane Brownlow Duchess Ancaster and Kesteven.

On 2nd January 1815 George "Lord Byron" 6th Baron Byron (age 26) and Anne Isabella Noel Baroness Byron 11th Baroness Wentworth (age 22) were married at Kirkby Mallory, Leicestershire. She by marriage Baroness Byron of Rochdale in Lancashire. The service was conducted by her cousin Thomas Noel (age 41) who was Rector of Kirkby Mallory, Leicestershire.

On 2nd January 1867 George Grimston Craven 3rd Earl Craven (age 25) and Evelyn Laura Barrington Countess Craven (age 18) were married. She by marriage Countess Craven in Yorkshire. He the son of William Craven 2nd Earl Craven and Emily Mary Grimston Countess Craven (age 50). They were fifth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 2nd January 1917 George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Kedleston (age 57) and Grace Elvina Hinds Marchioness Curzon Kedleston (age 31) were married. She by marriage Baroness Ravensdale of Ravensdale in Derbyshire, Baroness Scarsdale. The difference in their ages was 26 years.

On 2nd January 1938 Pownoll Pellew 9th Viscount Exmouth (age 30) and Maria Luisa Urquilo were married.

Deaths on the 2nd January

On 2nd January 1449 Joan Saveuse Countess Eu died.

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The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.

On 2nd January 1514 Bishop William Smyth (age 54) died at the Bishop of Lincoln's Palace, Buckden [Map]. He was buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

On 2nd January 1565 Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory (age 56) died.

On 2nd January 1658 William Armine 2nd Baronet (age 35) died. His brother Michael (age 33) succeeded 3rd Baronet Armine of Osgodby South Kesteven Lincolnshire.

On 24th December 1660 Mary Stewart Princess Orange (age 29) died of smallpox. Her brother Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester had also died of smallpox a few weeks before; she was buried in the same vault in the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey [Map] on 2nd January 1661.

On 2nd January 1666 John Holles 2nd Earl de Clare (age 70) died. His son Gilbert (age 32) succeeded 3rd Earl Clare, 3rd Baron Haughton. Grace Pierrepont Countess de Clare (age 33) by marriage Countess Clare

On 2nd January 1683 Thomas Twisden 1st Baronet (age 81) died. His son Roger (age 42) succeeded 2nd Baronet Twisden of Bradbourne in Kent. Margaret Marsham Lady Twisden by marriage Lady Twisden of Bradbourne in Kent.

On 2nd January 1685 Harbottle Grimston 2nd Baronet (age 81) died. His son Samuel (age 41) succeeded 3rd Baronet Grimston of Bradfield. Anne Tufton Lady Grimston (age 31) by marriage Lady Grimston of Bradfield.

On 2nd January 1694 Henry Booth 1st Earl Warrington (age 41) died. He was buried at Church of St Mary the Virgin, Bowdon [Map]. His son George (age 18) succeeded 2nd Earl Warrington, 3rd Baron Delamer, 4th Baronet Booth of Dunham Massey.

The inscription of his monument:

"Beneath lieth the body of the right hon'ble Henry Booth, earl of Warrington, and baron Delamer of Dunham Massey, a person of unblemished honour, impartial justice, strict integrity, an illustrious example of steady and unalterable adherence to the liberties and properties of his country in the worst of times, rejecting all offers to allure, and despising all dangers to deter him therefrom, for which he was thrice committed close prisoner to the Tower of London, and at length tried for his life upon a false accusation of high treason, from which he was unanimously acquitted by his peers, on 14 January, MDCLXXX V/VI which day he afterwards annually commemorated by acts of devotion and charity: in the year MDCLXXXVIII he greatly signalised himself at the Revolution, on behalf of the protestant religion and the rights of the nation, without mixture of self-interest, preferring the good of his country to the favour of the prince who then ascended the throne; and having served his generation according to the will of God was gathered to his fathers in peace, on the 2d of January, 169¾, in the XLIId year of his age, whose mortal part was here entombed on the same memorable day on which eight years before his trial had been."

"Also rest by him the earthly remains of the r. hon'ble Mary countess of Warrington, his wife, sole daughter and heir of sir James Langham, of Cottesbrooke, in the county of Northamptom, [sic] knt. and bart. a lady of ingenious parts, singular discretion, consummate judgement, great humility, meek and compassionate temper, extensive charity, exemplary and unaffected piety, perfect resignation to God's will, lowly in prosperity and patient in adversity, prudent in her affairs, and endowed with all other virtuous qualities, a conscientious discharger of her duty in all relations, being a faithful, affectionate, and observant, wife, alleviating the cares and afflictions of her husband by willingly sharing with him therein; a tender, indulgent, and careful mother, a dutiful and respectful daughter, gentle and kind to her servants, courteous and beneficent to her neighbours, a sincere friend, a lover and valuer of all good people, justly beloved and admired by all who knew her, who having perfected holiness in the fear of God, was by him received to an early and eternal rest from her labours, on 23 March 1690/1, in the XXXVIIth year of her age, calmly and composedly meeting and desiring death with joyful hope and steadfastness of faith, a lively draught of real worth and goodness, and a pattern deserving imitation, of whom the world was not worthy. Heb. XI. 38."

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On 2nd January 1696 Anne Wentworth Baroness Rockingham (age 66) died.

On 2nd January 1730 David Colyear 1st Earl Portmore (age 74) died. His son Charles (age 29) succeeded 2nd Earl Portmore.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1741 Edward Littleton 3rd Baronet died. His half first cousin Edward (age 14) succeeded 4th Baronet Littleton of Pillaton Hall.

On 2nd January 1746 Elizabeth Delves (age 67) died. Her son Brian Broughton-Delves 4th Baronet inherited Doddington Hall, Cheshire [Map].

On 2nd January 1759 Rowland Alston 4th Baronet (age 79) died. His son Thomas (age 34) succeeded 5th Baronet Alston of Odell in Bedfordshire.

On 2nd January 1763 John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville (age 72) died at Arlington Street. His son Robert (age 42) succeeded 3rd Earl Granville, 3rd Baron Carteret of Hawnes, 4th Baronet Carteret of Metesches in Jersey.

On 2nd January 1775 St George Ussher aka St George 1st Baron Saint George (age 60) died. Baron Saint George of Hatley St George extinct.

On 2nd January 1781 Henrietta Stanhope Baroness Foley (age 25) died.

On 2nd January 1787 James Radclyffe 4th Earl of Newburgh (age 61) died. His son Anthony (age 29) succeeded 5th Earl of Newburgh, 5th Viscount of Kinnaird.

On 2nd January 1789 Charles Wolfram Cornwall (age 53) died. Memorial in the Church of the Holy Cross, Winchester [Map] sculpted by John Francis Moore (age 44).

Charles Wolfram Cornwall: On 15th June 1735 he was born. In 1789 he was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons which position he held until his death in 1789.

On 2nd January 1792 Edward Seymour 9th Duke of Somerset (age 75) died. On 2nd January 1792 His brother Webb (age 73) succeeded 10th Duke Somerset, 8th Baronet Seymour of Berry Pomeroy.

On 2nd January 1802 George Rodney 2nd Baron Rodney (age 48) died. His son George (age 19) succeeded 3rd Baron Rodney of Rodney Stoke in Somerset.

On 2nd January 1809 John Denis Browne 1st Marquess of Sligo (age 52) died. His son Howe (age 20) succeeded 2nd Marquess of Sligo.

On 2nd January 1828 Henrietta Vernon Countess Grosvenor (age 92) died.

On 2nd January 1842 General Lionel Smith 1st Baronet (age 63) died. His wife died three days later. His son Lionel (age 8) succeeded 2nd Baronet Smith of Jamaica.

On 2nd January 1861 Frederick William IV King Prussia (age 65) died. His brother William (age 63) succeeded I King Prussia.

All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 2nd January 1892 Harriet Baring Marchioness Bath (age 87) died.

On 2nd January 1912 Mary Frances Grosvenor Countess Macclesfield (age 90) died.

On 2nd January 1920 Frederick Dutton 5th Baron Sherborne (age 79) died. His nephew James (age 46) succeeded 6th Baron Sherborne.

On 2nd January 1945 George James Ernest Lewis 3rd Baronet (age 34) died. Baronet Lewis of Portland Place in Marylebone extinct.

On 2nd January 1963 John Hampden Mercer-Henderson 8th Earl Buckinghamshire (age 56) died unmarried at Edward VII's Royal Hospital, Marylebone. His second cousin Vere (age 61) succeeded 9th Earl Buckinghamshire, 9th Baron Hobart, 13th Baronet Hobart of Intwood in Norfolk.