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On this Day in History ... 3rd February

03 Feb is in February.

1014 Death of King Sweyn "Forkbeard"

1388 Merciless Parliament

1399 Death of John of Gaunt

1461 Battle of Mortimer's Cross

1470 March 1470 Welles' Rebellion and Battle of Losecoat Field aka Empingham

1537 Execution of the Fitzgeralds

1554 Wyatt's Rebellion

1624 Happy Parliament

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 3rd February

On 3rd February 1014 Sweyn "Forkbeard" King of Denmark, Norway and England (age 54) died. His son Harald succeeded King Denmark. There was a dispute as to who succeeded to the Kingdom of England with some supporting King Æthelred II of England (age 48) and some King Canute of England (age 19).

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1014. This year King Sweyne (age 54) ended his days at Candlemas, the third day before the nones of February; and the same year Elfwy, Bishop of York, was consecrated in London, on the festival of St. Juliana. The fleet all chose Knute (age 19) for king; whereupon advised all the counsellors of England, clergy and laity, that they should send after King Ethelred (age 48); saying, that no sovereign was dearer to them than their natural lord, if he would govern them better than he did before. Then sent the king hither his son Edward, with his messengers; who had orders to greet all his people, saying that he would be their faithful lord-would better each of those things that they disliked-and that each of the things should be forgiven which had been either done or said against him; provided they all unanimously, without treachery, turned to him. Then was full friendship established, in word and in deed and in compact, on either side. And every Danish king they proclaimed an outlaw for ever from England. Then came King Ethelred home, in Lent, to his own people; and he was gladly received by them all. Meanwhile, after the death of Sweyne, sat Knute with his army in Gainsborough [Map] until Easter; and it was agreed between him and the people of Lindsey, that they should supply him with horses, and afterwards go out all together and plunder. But King Ethelred with his full force came to Lindsey before they were ready; and they plundered and burned, and slew all the men that they could reach. Knute, the son of Sweyne, went out with his fleet (so were the wretched people deluded by him), and proceeded southward until he came to Sandwich, Kent [Map]. There he landed the hostages that were given to his father, and cut off their hands and ears and their noses. Besides all these evils, the king ordered a tribute to the army that lay at Greenwich, Kent [Map], of 21,000 pounds.

On 3rd February 1276 Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster (age 31) and Blanche Capet Queen Navarre (age 28) were married. She by marriage Countess Lancaster. She the daughter of Robert Capet Count of Artois and Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol (age 52). He the son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England (age 53). They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

Close Rolls Edward II 1307-1313. 3rd February 1308 King Edward II of England (age 23). Ewell, Surrey [Map]. To the Treasurer and the Barons of the Exchequer. Whereas the king lately commanded them to put into execution all the writs of the late King pending in the exchequer, and although the late King commanded his treasurer and barons of the exchquer, at the supplication of the burgesses of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk [Map], by his writ now in the exchequer, as the said burgesses assert, to allow them 1,000 marks in which the late king was bound to them for a loan in the time when John de Kirkeby was his treasurer, and 1,£760 for the arrears of the wages of divers men sent by them to the late King's command into Gascony for the expedition of this war and for remaining there for a great time, and also for £250which they expended, by the order of the late King, in the making of two galleys (galiarum) in the said town, and also £780 for the wages of certain sailors and divers other costs expended by them at divers times for the expedition of the war in Scotland, to be allowed to them out of the debts owing by them to the said late King, as well as the tenth, eleventh, sixth, seventh, twentieth, and thirtieth granted by the community of the kingdom to the late King, as from other causes whatsoever; they are ordered to execute the said writs. Witness: Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 24).

On 3rd February 1338 Joanna Bourbon Queen Consort France was born to Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 27) and Isabella Valois Duchess Bourbon (age 25). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.38%.

On 3rd February 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 4th June 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.

Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.

Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.

On 19th February 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 25th March 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].

On 5th May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 12th May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.

Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.

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Thomas Walsingham Chronicon Angliæ 1399. [3rd February 1399] At this time, John, Duke of Lancaster (age 58), died; whose body was buried in the Church of St. Paul in London.

Hoc tempore obiit Johannes Dux Lankastriæ; cujus corpus in Ecclesia Sancti Pauli Londoniis est humatum.

On 3rd February 1399 John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 58) died at Leicester Castle [Map]. Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 48) was by his side. He was buried in the Choir of St Paul's Cathedral [Map] with his first wife Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. His son Henry (age 31) succeeded 2nd Duke Lancaster, 7th Earl of Leicester.

King Richard II of England (age 32) witheld the future Henry IV's inheritance from him giving Henry reason to return to England to claim his lands and titles.

On 3rd February 1449 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 18) was instructed not to attend the forthcoming parliament and remain in the north guarding the border.

An English Chronicle. The iijde day of Feuerer the same yere [3rd February 1461], Edward the noble erle of Marche faught with the Walsshmen besyde Wygmore in Wales, whos capteyns were the erle of Penbrook and the erle of Wylshyre, that wolde fynally haue dystroyed the sayde erle of Marche.

And the Monday before the daye of batayle [2nd February 1461], that ys to say, in the feest of Puryficacion of oure blessed Lady abowte x atte clocke before none, were seen iij sonnys in the fyrmament shynyng fulle clere, whereof the peple hade grete mervayle, and therof were agast. The noble erle Edward thaym comforted and sayde, "Beethe of good comfort, and dredethe not; thys ys a good sygne, for these iij sonys betokene the Fader, the Sone, and the Holy Gost, and therfore late vs haue a good harte, and in the name of Almyghtye God go we agayns oure enemyes." And so by His grace, he had the vyctory of his enemy es, and put the ij erles to flyghte, and slow of the Walsshemen to the nombre of iiij. M1 [4000].

William of Worcester Itineraries. [3rd February 1461] Of the Battle at Mortimer's Cross

Memorandum that at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, 8 miles [16 m.] from Hereford and 3 miles [4 m.] from Wigmore, [fought] on St. Blaise's day on a Tuesday [1460/1]1 and won by Edward Earl of March, there were slain by judgement and beheaded of prisoners taken from the side of King Henry VI, holding against Edward Earl of March; these esquires taken in the battle against Earl Edward were beheaded at Hereford, as is written down:

John Frogmerton esq. of the county of Warwick. [beheaded]

Owen Tudor, aged about 60. [beheaded]

Reginald Gwyneth, chamberlain of the lands of Gwynedd lying near Harlech Castle. [beheaded]

Master Lewis Powis esq., of Powys land. [beheaded]

Hopkyn Davy of Carmarthenshire from South Wales, esquire with the Earl of Pembroke. [beheaded]

Lewis Apprice esq. of Carmarthenshire. [beheaded]

Philip Mancell esq., of the value of 5s marks [£3. 6s. 8d.], from Gower. [beheaded]

Hopkyn Apprice of Gower in the county of Carmarthen2. [beheaded]

Thomas Fitz Herry, lawyer, slain at Hereford. [beheaded]

James Skydmore, slain; son of [Sir] John Skydmore knight. [beheaded]

Sir Henry Skydmore of Herefordshire, son of [Sir] John Skydmore knight. [beheaded in Hereford]

Sir William Skydmore, brother of John Skydmore, knight, died in bed.

Three years ago [Sir] John Skydmore knight, the most valiant of them, died in bed.

On the side of King Henry VI and Queen Margaret were these lords against King Edward, then Earl of March:

The Earl of Pembroke3 who escaped, fleeing from the battle.

The Earl of Wiltshire who fled the field at the start of battle.

Sir John Skydmore [who] had 30 servants.

Sir Thomas Perot of Haverfordwest.

Thomas Apgriffyth and the sons of Gryffyth Nicholas.

Owen Apgriffyth.

And on the side of Edward IV, King of England, present in person:

Lord de Stafford of Southwick in Somerset.

Lord Herbert of Raglan, Earl of Pembroke4.

Lord Fitzwater Radclyff of Norfolk.

Sir Roger Vaughan knight, of South Wales.

Walter Devereux, Lord Ferrers of Chartley in Herefordshire.

Lord Audley of Herefordshire.

Reginald Grey, Baron Bevelle of Herefordshire, alias Lord Grey of Wilton in Herefordshire.

Sir John Lynell knight of the county of Hereford.

Sir Richard [Croft] of Croft Castle of the county of Hereford, knight.

Sir William of Knylle knight of the county of Hereford.

Note 1. The date of the battle is commonly given as 2 Feb., but St. Blaise's day is 3 Feb. and this fell on a Tuesday in 1460/1; but see C. L. Scofield, Life and Reign of Edward IV, 1923, i, p 133 n. 2.

Note 2. Really in Glamorgan.

Note 3. Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke 1453-95.

Note 4. William Herbert, Baron Herbert; Earl of Pembroke 1468-79 during the forfeiture of Jasper Tudor's Lancastrian title.

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All About History Books

The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

Chronicle of John Benet. 3rd February 1461. And on the 3rd day of February286, the Earl of March fought in Wales against the Earl of Wiltshire and the Earl of Pembroke, and there the Earl of Wiltshire and the Earl of Pembroke fled.

Et 3 die Februarii Comes Marchie in Wallia pugnavit cum comite comitatus Wyltonie et Comite de Pembroke et ibi Comes Wyltonie et Comes de Pembroke fugerunt.

Note 1. There is some dispute whether the battle was fought on 2 or 3 February, most sources preferring the former date. See C. L. Scofield, Reign of Edward IV.

Calendar of State Papers of Milan 1461. [3rd February 1461]. On the 3rd inst. the Earl of March won a battle against two of the princes of the island, who support the queen; 8,000 men fell in that battle, including, they reckon, 200 and more knights and noble squires. By that victory he recovered the little country of Wales, which is in the part of the island farthest away, towards Ireland. It is a lordship of the Duke of York, and therefore of his son. In fine those who consider the revolutions of this island declare that since the time of Caesar who conquered it, that kingdom has not suffered so many calamities as it has since the murder of the late Duke of Gloucester until now; and it seems that a great deal more is to follow.

Before 3rd February 1470 Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles attacked Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire [Map] home of Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough (age 39), a senior Yorkist, Edward IV's (age 27) Master of the Horse. It isn't known whether this attack was a consequence of local or national issues. King Edward IV of England summoned Robert's father Richard Welles 7th Baron Welles, Baron Willoughby (age 42) and uncle-in-law Thomas Dymoke (age 42) (married to Margaret Welles (age 38) sister of Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles) to London. Both initially went into Sanctuary, Westminster Abbey [Map] but were pardoned on 3rd March 1470.

On 3rd February 1480 Katherine Granville died in Stowe, Cornwall.

On 3rd February 1513 Maria Aviz was born to Manuel "Fortunate" I King Portugal (age 43) and Maria Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). Coefficient of inbreeding 8.38%.

On 3rd February 1537 six members of the Fitzgerald family, nephew and five uncles, Thomas "Silken" Fitzgerald 10th Earl of Kildare (age 24), James Fitzgerald (age 41), Oliver Fitzgerald (age 41), Richard Fitzgerald, John Fitzgerald and Walter Fitzgerald (age 41) were executed at Tyburn [Map].

Hall's Chronicle. 3rd February 1537. The third day of February was Thomas Fitz Garrad (age 24) late Earl of Kildare and five of his uncles drawn, hanged and quartered at Tiborne [Map] for high treason.

Chronicle of Greyfriars. 3rd February 1537. Also the 3rd day of February [1537] the lorde Fitzgerald (age 24) with his five uncles of Ireland - these were their names, Thomas lorde Fytzgerald, sir James Fitzgerald (age 41), sir John Fitzgerald, sir Richard Fitzgerald lord of St. Ines in Ireland, Sir Oliver Fitzgerald (age 41), and sir Walter Fitzgerald (age 41) drawn from the tower unto Tyburn [Map], and there all hanged and beheaded and quartered, save the lorde Thomas, for he was but hanged and headed and his body buried at the Cross Friars [Map] in the choir, and the quarters with their heades set up about the city.

On 3rd February 1549 Louis Valois Duke Orléans was born to King Henry II of France (age 29) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 29).

Henry Machyn's Diary. 3rd February 1554. The iij day of Feybruary cam in to Sowthwarke [Map] ser Thomas Wyatt (age 33) and odur captaynes at after-none with ys army; and the morow after thay mayd trenchys in dyvers parts and dyvers placys, with ordenanse.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 3rd February 1554. The iij day of Feybruarii was a proclamacyon that who so ever do take ser Thomas Wyatt (age 33), exsept Harper, Ysseley (age 54), and Rudston (age 39), shuld have C. lb. land to ym and ys heirs for ever.

On 3rd February 1614 Robert Ker 1st Earl Roxburghe (age 44) and Jean Drummond Countess Roxburghe (age 29) were married at Somerset House [Map]. She, Jean, was the sister of his son-in-law John Drummond 2nd Earl Perth (age 26) who had married his daughter Jean Ker Countess Perth. The wedding was attended by the King (age 47) and Queen (age 39). There was a masque Hymen's Triumph written by Samuel Daniel.

On 3rd February 1624 Henry Mildmay (age 31) was elected MP Westbury.

John Evelyn's Diary. 3rd February 1644. The Palaise, as they call the upper part, was built in the time of Philip the Fair, noble and spacious. The great Hall annexed to it, is arched with stone, having a range of pillars in the middle, round which, and at the sides, are shops of all kinds, especially booksellers'. One side is full of pews for the clerks of the advocates, who swarm here (as ours at Westminster). At one of the ends stands an altar, at which mass is said daily. Within are several chambers, courts, treasuries, etc. Above that is the most rich and glorious Salle d'Audience, the chamber of St. Louis, and other superior Courts where the Parliament sits, richly gilt on embossed carvings and frets, and exceedingly beautified.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1660. Thence to my house where we dined, but with a great deal of patience, for the Mutton came in raw, and so we were fain to stay the stewing of it. In the meantime we sat studying a Posy for a ring for her which she is to have at Roger Pepys's (age 42) his wedding. After dinner I left them and went to hear news, but only found that the Parliament House was most of them with Monk (age 51) at White Hall, and that in his passing through the town he had many calls to him for a free Parliament, but little other welcome. I saw in the Palace Yard [Map] how unwilling some of the old soldiers were yet to go out of town without their money, and swore if they had it not in three days, as they were promised, they would do them more mischief in the country than if they had staid here; and that is very likely, the country being all discontented. The town and guards are already full of Monk's soldiers.

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

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John Evelyn's Diary. 3rd February 1660. Kept the Fast. General Monk (age 51) came now to London out of Scotland; but no man knew what he would do or declare; yet he was met on his way by the gentlemen of all the counties which he passed with petitions that he would recall the old long-interrupted Parliament, and settle the nation in some order, being at this time in most prodigious confusion, and under no government, everybody expecting what would be next and what he would do.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1660. Thence with my cozen Roger Pepys (age 42), it being term time, we took him out of the Hall to Priors, the Rhenish wine-house, and there had a pint or two of wine and a dish of anchovies, and bespoke three or four dozen bottles of wine for him against his wedding. After this done he went away, and left me order to call and pay for all that Mrs. Turner (age 37) would have. So we called for nothing more there, but went and bespoke a shoulder of mutton at Wilkinson's to be roasted as well as it could be done, and sent a bottle of wine home to my house. In the meantime she and I and Joyce went walking all over White Hall, whither General Monk (age 51) was newly come, and we saw all his forces march by in very good plight and stout officers.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1661. So to Mr. Fox's (age 33), unbid; where I had a good dinner and special company. Among other discourse, I observed one story, how my Lord of Northwich (age 75), at a public audience before the King of France (age 22), made the Duke of Anjou (age 20) cry, by making ugly faces as he was stepping to the King, but undiscovered1. And how Sir Phillip Warwick's' (age 51) lady (age 54) did wonder to have Mr. Darcy (age 45) send for several dozen bottles of Rhenish wine to her house, not knowing that the wine was his.

Note 1. This story relates to circumstances which had occurred many years previously. George, Lord Goring, was sent by Charles I as Ambassador Extraordinary to France in 1644, to witness the oath of Louis XIV. to the observance of the treaties concluded with England by his father, Louis XIII, and his grandfather, Henry IV. Louis XIV. took this oath at Ruel, on July 3rd, 1644, when he was not yet six years of age, and when his brother Philippe, then called Duke of Anjou, was not four years old. Shortly after his return home, Lord Goring was created, in September, 1644, Earl of Norwich, the title by which he is here mentioned. Philippe, Duke of Anjou, who was frightened by the English nobleman's ugly faces, took the title of Duke of Orléans after the death of his uncle, Jean Baptiste Gaston, in 1660. He married his cousin, Henrietta of England. B.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1664. In Covent Garden [Map] to-night, going to fetch home my wife, I stopped at the great Coffee-house' there, where I never was before; where Dryden (age 32) the poet (I knew at Cambridge), and all the wits of the town, and Harris (age 30) the player, and Mr. Hoole of our College. And had I had time then, or could at ether times, it will be good coming thither, for there, I perceive, is very witty and pleasant discourse. But I could not tarry, and as it was late, they were all ready to go away.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1665. So back again on foot to the 'Change [Map], in my way taking my books from binding from my bookseller's. My bill for the rebinding of some old books to make them suit with my study, cost me, besides other new books in the same bill, £3; but it will be very handsome. At the 'Change [Map] did several businesses, and here I hear that newes is come from Deale [Map], that the same day my Lord Sandwich (age 39) sailed thence with the fleete, that evening some Dutch men of warr were seen on the back side of the Goodwin [Map], and, by all conjecture, must be seen by my Lord's fleete; which, if so, they must engage.

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1665. So home, and among other letters found one from Jane, that is newly gone, telling me how her mistresse won't pay her her Quarter's wages, and withal tells me how her mistress will have the boy sit 3 or 4 hours together in the dark telling of stories, but speaks of nothing but only her indiscretion in undervaluing herself to do it, but I will remedy that, but am vexed she should get some body to write so much because of making it publique. Then took coach and to visit my Lady Sandwich (age 40), where she discoursed largely to me her opinion of a match, if it could be thought fit by my Lord, for my Lady Jemimah, with Sir G. Carteret's (age 55) eldest son; but I doubt he hath yet no settled estate in land. But I will inform myself, and give her my opinion. Then Mrs. Pickering (age 23) (after private discourse ended, we going into the other room) did, at my Lady's command, tell me the manner of a masquerade1 before the King (age 34) and Court the other day. Where six women (my Baroness Castlemayne (age 24) and Duchesse of Monmouth being two of them) and six men (the Duke of Monmouth (age 15) and Lord Arran (age 25) and Monsieur Blanfort, being three of them) in vizards, but most rich and antique dresses, did dance admirably and most gloriously. God give us cause to continue the mirthe! So home, and after awhile at my office to supper and to bed.

Note 1. The masquerade at Court took place on the 2nd, and is referred to by Evelyn, who was present, in his Diary. Some amusing incidents connected with the entertainment are related in the "Grammont Memoirs (chapter vii.).

Samuel Pepys' Diary. 3rd February 1667. I to the Chapel a little, but hearing nothing did take a turn into the Park, and then back to Chapel and heard a very good Anthem to my heart's delight, and then to Sir G. Carteret's (age 57) to dinner, and before dinner did walk with him alone a good while, and from him hear our case likely for all these acts to be bad for money, which troubles me, the year speeding so fast, and he tells me that he believes the Duke of York (age 33) will go to sea with the fleete, which I am sorry for in respect to his person, but yet there is no person in condition to command the fleete, now the Captains are grown so great, but him, it being impossible for anybody else but him to command any order or discipline among them. He tells me there is nothing at all in the late discourse about my Lord Sandwich (age 41) and the French Embassador meeting and contending for the way, which I wonder at, to see the confidence of report without any ground.

After 3rd February 1830. Monument in Church of St Oswald, Methley [Map] to John Savile 2nd Earl Mexborough (deceased).

The Times. 3rd February 1866. Her Majesty (age 46) drove out yesterday morning and afternoon. Mr. Engleheart arrived at Osborne on Thursday, and had the honour of dining with Her Majesty and the Royal family yesterday. The Queen held a Council today, which was attended by Earl Russell (age 73), Earl de Grey and Ripon (age 38), and Mr. Guschen.

Mr. Helps was Clerk of the Council.

Earl Cowley (age 61), Viscount Sydney (age 60), and Sir Charles Young (age 70), Garter, arrived from London this morning. Lord Cowley was introduced by Lord Sydney, Lord Chamberlain (Sir Charles Young attending with the insignia of the Order of the Garter), and Her Majesty invested Lord Cowley with the Riband and Badge of the Garter.

Earl Russell and Earl de Grey had audiences of Her Majesty.

Note. On 3rd February 1866 Henry Richard Charles Wellesley 1st Earl Cowley was appointed 747th Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

The Times. 4th February 1905.

We have to announce the death of Florence, Marchioness of Hastings (age 64), wife of Sir George Chetwynd, Bart., which took place on Sunday morning at Long Walk House, Windsor, after a few days' illness. The funeral will take place at Grendon, Atherstone, on Thursday next, at 2 o'clock.

After 3rd February 1911. Church of the Holy Trinity Embleton [Map]. Memorial to brothers George Grey (deceased) and Charles Grey (age 37).

George Grey: On 14th July 1866 he was born to Lieutenant Colonel George Henry Grey and Harriet Jane Pearson at Fallodon Hall, Northumberland [Map]. On 3rd February 1911 George Grey died at Nairobi.

Charles Grey: On 23rd August 1873 he was born to Lieutenant Colonel George Henry Grey and Harriet Jane Pearson at Fallodon Hall, Northumberland [Map]. On 28th September 1928 Charles Grey died at Tabora.

Births on the 3rd February

On 3rd February 1267 Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel was born to John Fitzalan 7th Earl of Arundel (age 20) and Isabella Mortimer Countess Arundel. He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England.

All About History Books

The Deeds of King Henry V, or in Latin Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.

Available at Amazon as eBook or Paperback.

On 3rd February 1338 Joanna Bourbon Queen Consort France was born to Peter Bourbon Duke Bourbon (age 27) and Isabella Valois Duchess Bourbon (age 25). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.38%.

On 3rd February 1393 Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland was born to Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 28) and Elizabeth Mortimer Baroness Camoys (age 21) at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland [Map]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 3rd February 1512 Archbishop John Hamilton was born illegitimately to James Hamilton 1st Earl Arran (age 37).

On 3rd February 1513 Maria Aviz was born to Manuel "Fortunate" I King Portugal (age 43) and Maria Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal (age 31). Coefficient of inbreeding 8.38%.

On 3rd February 1537 Lucia Hohenzollern was born to Albert "The Elder" Hohenzollern I Duke Prussia (age 46) and Dorothea Oldenburg (age 32). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.98%.

On 3rd February 1549 Louis Valois Duke Orléans was born to King Henry II of France (age 29) and Catherine Medici Queen Consort France (age 29).

On 3rd February 1691 Isabella Blackett Countess Buchan was born to William Blackett 1st Baronet (age 33) and Julia Conyers.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1699 John Stewart 6th Earl Traquair was born to Charles Stewart 4th Earl Traquair (age 40) and Mary Maxwell Countess Traquair (age 28). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.83%.

On 3rd February 1704 John Egerton was born to Scroop Egerton 1st Duke Bridgewater (age 22) and Elizabeth Churchill Countess Bridgewater (age 16).

On 3rd February 1731 Francis Eliott 5th Baronet was born to John Eliott 4th Baronet (age 25). He was baptised at St George's Church, Hanover Square on 28th February 1731.

On 3rd February 1749 Charles Anderson-Pelham 1st Baron Yarborough was born to Francis Anderson of Manby (age 38).

On 3rd February 1801 William Edwardes 3rd Baron Kensington was born to William Edwardes 2nd Baron Kensington (age 23) and Dorothy Patricia Thomas Baroness Kensington.

On 3rd February 1803 Thomas Maitland 11th Earl Lauderdale was born to William Maitland.

On 3rd February 1809 Felix Mendelssohn was born.

On 3rd February 1822 Frederick Byron was born to George Byron 7th Baron Byron (age 32) and Elizabeth Chandos-Pole (age 28).

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The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1830 Grenville Leofric Temple 11th Baronet was born to Grenville Temple 10th Baronet (age 30) and Mary Baring (age 18).

On 3rd February 1830 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess Salisbury was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury (age 38) and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury (age 24) at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire.

On 3rd February 1831 Henry Wilmot 5th Baronet was born to Henry Sacheverell Wilmot 4th Baronet (age 30) and Maria Mundy (age 23).

On 3rd February 1848 Alexandrina Leveson-Gower was born to George Sutherland Leveson-Gower 2nd Duke Sutherland (age 61) and Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Howard Duchess Sutherland (age 41). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.22%.

On 3rd February 1849 Alice Sophia Cunningham Lady Acland was born to Reverend Francis Macaulay Cunningham.

On 3rd February 1862 Cecil Suamarez Irby was born to Florance George Henry Irby 5th Baron Boston (age 24).

On 3rd February 1862 James Jebusa Shannon was born at Auburn, New York. Around the aged of six he moved with his family to Canada. Aged around sixteen he moved to England to study at South Kensington.

On 3rd February 1866 Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope 8th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne was born to Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton 6th Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne (age 32) and Henrietta Adela Hope Duchess Newcastle under Lyne (age 23).

On 3rd February 1878 Florence Ann Cole Baroness Delamere was born to Lowry Cole 4th Earl Enniskillen (age 32) and Charlotte Marion Baird Countess of Enniskillen (age 26).

On 3rd February 1886 Bishop Leslie Owen was born.

On 3rd February 1893 Captain John Crossley was born to Savile Crossley 1st Baron Somerleyton (age 35) and Phyllis de Bathe.

On 3rd February 1904 Roger Makins 1st Baron Sherfield was born.

On 3rd February 1967 Colin Vernon 8th Baron Lyveden was born to Jack Vernon 7th Baron Lyveden (age 28).

On 3rd February 1982 Sebastian Edward Seymour was born to John Michael Edward Seymour 19th Duke of Somerset (age 29) and Judith Rose Hull Duchess Somerset.

Marriages on the 3rd February

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1112 Raymond Berenguer Barcelona III Count Barcelona (age 29) and Douce Gevaudan Countess Barcelona (age 22) were married. She by marriage Countess Barcelona. He the son of Ramon Berenguer "Towhead" Barcelona II Count Barcelona.

On 3rd February 1276 Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster (age 31) and Blanche Capet Queen Navarre (age 28) were married. She by marriage Countess Lancaster. She the daughter of Robert Capet Count of Artois and Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol (age 52). He the son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England (age 53). They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

On 3rd February 1614 Robert Ker 1st Earl Roxburghe (age 44) and Jean Drummond Countess Roxburghe (age 29) were married at Somerset House [Map]. She, Jean, was the sister of his son-in-law John Drummond 2nd Earl Perth (age 26) who had married his daughter Jean Ker Countess Perth. The wedding was attended by the King (age 47) and Queen (age 39). There was a masque Hymen's Triumph written by Samuel Daniel.

On 3rd February 1692 John Chaplin (age 35) and Frances Archer Lady Rouse (age 34) were married.

On 3rd February 1702 Henry Fermor of St Margaret's Westminster and Elizabeth Harby Baroness Reade (age 41) were married at All Hallows Staining Church Langbourn Ward.

On 3rd February 1853 Augustus Henry Fox Pitt-Rivers (age 25) and Alice Margaret Stanley (age 25) were married.

On 3rd February 1857 Lionel Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington 11th Baronet (age 21) and Isabella Elizabeth Georgiana Kinleside Lady Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington were married. Isabella Elizabeth Georgiana Kinleside Lady Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington by marriage Lady Milborne-Swinnerton-Pilkington of Stanley in Yorkshire.

On 3rd February 1869 John Henry Thorold 12th Baronet (age 26) and Alexandrina Henrietta Matilda Willoughby (age 24) were married.

On 3rd February 1885 George Stanley Byng 8th Viscount Torrington (age 43) and Emily Gertrude Seymour Viscountess Tottington (age 32) were married.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1887 Gerald William Henry Codrington 1st Baronet (age 37) and Edith Henrietta Sybil Denison Lady Codrington (age 22) were married. She by marriage Lady Codrington of Dodington. She the daughter of William Henry Forester Denison 1st Earl Londesborough (age 52) and Edith Somerset Countess Londesborough (age 48). They were half first cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 3rd February 1903 Herbert Archer Croft 10th Baronet (age 34) and Katharine Agnes Parr Lady Croft (age 24) were married. She by marriage Lady Croft of Croft Castle in Herefordshire.

On 3rd February 1927 Major Anthony Ashley-Cooper (age 26) and Sylvia Hawkes Baroness Stanley (age 22) were married. He the son of Anthony Ashley-Cooper 9th Earl of Shaftesbury (age 57) and Constance Grosvenor Countess of Shaftesbury (age 51).

On 3rd February 1951 Charles Fitzroy 5th Baron Southampton (age 47) and Rachel Christine Zaman Baroness Southampton were married. She by marriage Baroness Southampton.

Deaths on the 3rd February

On 3rd February 994 William "Proud Arm" IV Duke Aquitaine (age 57) died. His son William (age 25) succeeded V Duke Aquitaine.

On 3rd February 1014 Sweyn "Forkbeard" King of Denmark, Norway and England (age 54) died. His son Harald succeeded King Denmark. There was a dispute as to who succeeded to the Kingdom of England with some supporting King Æthelred II of England (age 48) and some King Canute of England (age 19).

On 3rd February 1245 Isabel de Bolebec Countess of Oxford (age 71) died.

On 3rd February 1290 Henry Wittelsbach I Duke Lower Bavaria I Duke Bavaria (age 54) died. His son Otto (age 28) succeeded III Duke Bavaria.

On 3rd February 1332 Thomas Furnival 1st Baron Furnivall (age 72) died at Sheffield [Map]. His son Thomas succeeded 2nd Baron Furnivall. Joan Verdun Baroness Furnivall (age 28) by marriage Baroness Furnivall.

On 3rd February 1343 William Ros 2nd Baron Ros Helmsley (age 58) died. He was buried at Kirkham Priory North Yorkshire [Map]. His son William (age 13) succeeded 3rd Baron Ros Helmsley and inherited Belvoir Castle [Map]. Margaret Neville (age 13) by marriage Baroness Ros Helmsley.

On 3rd February 1388 Henry Ferrers 4th Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 32) died. His son William (age 15) succeeded 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby.

On 3rd February 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 4th June 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.

Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.

Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.

On 19th February 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 25th March 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church, Greyfriars [Map].

On 5th May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 12th May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.

Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.

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On 3rd February 1399 John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 58) died at Leicester Castle [Map]. Katherine Swynford aka Roet Duchess Lancaster (age 48) was by his side. He was buried in the Choir of St Paul's Cathedral [Map] with his first wife Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. His son Henry (age 31) succeeded 2nd Duke Lancaster, 7th Earl of Leicester.

King Richard II of England (age 32) witheld the future Henry IV's inheritance from him giving Henry reason to return to England to claim his lands and titles.

On 3rd February 1537 six members of the Fitzgerald family, nephew and five uncles, Thomas "Silken" Fitzgerald 10th Earl of Kildare (age 24), James Fitzgerald (age 41), Oliver Fitzgerald (age 41), Richard Fitzgerald, John Fitzgerald and Walter Fitzgerald (age 41) were executed at Tyburn [Map].

On 3rd February 1585 Anne Talbot Baroness Braye and Wharton (age 61) died.

On 3rd February 1609 James Hay (age 45) died. His son John (age 16) succeeded 8th Lord Hay of Yester.

On 3rd February 1678 Richard Hoghton 3rd Baronet (age 62) died. His son Charles (age 34) succeeded 4th Baronet Hoghton of Hoghton Tower in Lancashire.

On 3rd February 1683 Randall MacDonnell 1st Marquess Antrim (age 73) died. Marquess of Antrim 1C extinct. His brother Alexander (age 68) succeeded 3rd Earl Antrim 1C. Helena Burke Countess Antrim by marriage Countess Antrim 1C.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1694 John Reade 1st Baronet (age 78) died. He was buried on 6th February 1694 in the Brocket Chapel at St Elthreda's Church, Bishop's Hatfield. His son James (age 38) succeeded 2nd Baronet Reade of Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire. Love Dring Lady Reade (age 39) by marriage Lady Reade of Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire.

On 3rd February 1714 Charles Tyrrell 2nd Baronet (age 54) died. His son John (age 29) succeeded 3rd Baronet Tyrrell of Springfield.

On 3rd February 1718 Arthur Chichester 3rd Baronet (age 59) died. His son John (age 30) succeeded 4th Baronet Chichester of Raleigh in Devon.

On 3rd February 1731 John Rous 3rd Baronet (age 53) died. His brother Robert (age 44) succeeded 4th Baronet Stradbrooke of Henham in Suffolk.

On 3rd February 1738 Thomas Needham 9th Viscount Kilmorey (age 34) died.

On 3rd February 1769 Frances Hales Countess Lichfield (age 72) died.

On 3rd February 1804 Edward Blackett 4th Baronet (age 84) died. His son William (age 44) succeeded 5th Baronet Blackett of Newcastle in Northumberland.

On 3rd February 1816 Eleanor Assheton Viscountess Wilton (age 63) died.

On 23rd January 1824 Brooke Boothby 6th Baronet (age 79) died at Boulogne sur Mer [Map]. His brother William (age 77) succeeded 7th Baronet Boothby of Broadlow Ash in Derbyshire. On 3rd February 1824 he was buried at St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map].

On 3rd February 1824 Jane Fleming Countess Harrington (age 68) died at St James's Palace [Map].

On 3rd February 1834 William Jervis Twysden 7th Baronet (age 73) died. His son William (age 45) succeeded 8th Baronet Twysden of Roydon in Kent.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 1841 Robert Henley 2nd Baron Henley (age 51) died. His son Anthony (age 15) succeeded 3rd Baron Henley. Julia Peel Baroness Henley by marriage Baroness Henley.

On 3rd February 1842 George Shiffner 1st Baronet (age 79) died. His son Henry (age 52) succeeded 2nd Baronet Shiffner of Coombe in Sussex.

On 3rd February 1881 John Benn Walsh 1st Baron Ormathwaite (age 82) died. His son Arthur (age 53) succeeded 2nd Baron Ormathwaite of Ormathwaite in Cumberland. Katherine Somerset Baroness Ormathwaite (age 46) by marriage Baroness Ormathwaite of Ormathwaite in Cumberland.

On 3rd February 1892 Jane Arbuthnot Viscountess Gough (age 75) died.

On 3rd February 1895 Julia Langston Countess Ducie (age 65) died.

On 3rd February 1903 Marianne Georgiana Dashwood Lady Antrobus died.

On 3rd February 1907 Florence Cecilia Paget Marchioness Hastings (age 64) died.

On 3rd February 1908 Richard Horner Paget 1st Baronet (age 75) died. He was buried at St Aldhelm's Church, Doulting. His son Richard (age 39) succeeded 2nd Baronet Paget of Cranmore Hall in Somerset. Muriel Finch-Hatton Lady Paget (age 31) by marriage Lady Paget of Cranmore Hall in Somerset.

On 3rd February 1910 James Forsyth (age 82) died. He was buried at Hampstead Cemetery.

On 3rd February 1930 Cecil Lionel Domville 6th Baronet (age 37) died. His brother Gerald (age 34) succeeded 7th Baronet Domville of St Albans.

On 3rd February 1931 Helen Vivien Gould Baroness Decies (age 37) died.

On 3rd February 1950 Grey Humberstone d'Estoteville 11th Baronet (age 65) died. His grandson Patrick (age 11) succeeded 12th Baronet Skipwith of Prestwould in Leicestershire.

On 3rd February 1967 Frank Douglas-Pennant 5th Baron Penrhyn died. His son Malcolm (age 58) succeeded 6th Baron Penrhyn of Llandegai in Carnarvonshire.

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The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson. Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.

On 3rd February 2007 Timothy George Frank Boteler Irby 10th Baron Boston (age 67) died. His son George (age 35) succeeded 11th Baron Boston, 12th Baronet Irby of Whaplode and Boston.