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1465-1469 Rise of the Woodville Family is in 15th Century Events.
In January 1465 John Woodville (age 20) and Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 65) were married. Described as a 'Diabolical Marriage' by opponents of the Woodvilles. He being nineteen, she sixty-five. His first wife, her fourth husband. Regarded as an example of the Woodville family increasing their wealth and power. See Woodville Marriages The difference in their ages was 45 years; she, unusually, being older than him. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland. He the son of Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers (age 60) and Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford (age 50). They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. In January [1465], Catherine, Duchess of Norfolk (age 65), a young woman of nearly eighty years, was married to John Woodville (age 20), brother of the Queen, aged about twenty years; a diabolical marriage. The Revenge of Bernard later became apparent to them.
Mense Januarii Katerina, ducissa Norffolchiæ, juvencula ætatis fere iiijxx. annorum, maritata est Johanni Widevile, fratri reginæ, ætatis xx. annorum; maritagium diabolicum. Vindicta Bernardi inter eosdem postea patuit.
In January 1465 a number of attainders were renewed including Humphrey Neville's of Brancepeth (age 26).
On 26th May 1465 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 28) was crowned Queen Consort England by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 47) at Westminster Abbey [Map].
King Edward IV of England (age 23) attended.
John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne (age 23), Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers (age 25), Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers (age 12) and William Calthorpe (age 55) were created Knight of the Bath.
Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey (age 21) carried her train.
Richard Choke (age 45) was created Knight of the Bath.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. On the Feast of the Ascension of the Lord [30th April 1465] in the Tower of London, the King (age 23), in preparation for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth (age 28), knighted several individuals, whose names follow: [Names not listed]
Die Ascensionis Domini in Turri Londoniæ dominus rex erga coronationem reginæ Elizabethæ creavit milites, quorum nomina sequuntur:
Chronicle of Gregory [1400-1467]. May 1465. Alle soo in this year in the mony the of May was Quene Elyzabet (age 28) crownyd at Westemyster. And many knyghtys were made of the Bathe, of the whyche the were v [5] aldyrmen of the cytte of London i-made with hem. Thes v [5] aldyrmen were made knyghtys of the Bathe:
Syr Hewe Wyche, mercer,
Thomas Coke, draper,
Raffe Gosselyn, draper,
Syr John Plomer,
Syr Harry Whafyr.
And no moo of the cytte but thes v [5], and it is a grete worschyppe unto alle the cytte.
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Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. And on Friday [24th May 1465], the day after Ascension Day, the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of London, each within their homes this side of Shooters Hill, met the Queen (age 28) and escorted her through Southwark and Gracechurch to the Tower of London.
Et die Veneris, viz. crastino Ascensionis Domini, major, aldremanni, ac cives Londoniæ, quilibet infra in domibus suis citra Shotershylle, obviantes reginæ et conducentes earn per Southwerk et Graschurche ad Turrim Londoniæ.
All About History Books
The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, a canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: "In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed." Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback.
Chronicle of William of Worcester [1415-1482]. [25th May 1465]. And on Saturday, the Queen (age 28) rode in a litter through Cheapside and the high streets of London, with all the newly made knights before her, until they arrived at Westminster. And on the following Sunday, she was crowned Queen of England by Archbishop Thomas Bourchier (age 47) of Canterbury. And on Monday, the day after, there were great jousts at Westminster, and Lord Stanley had the honour. He had a ring with a ruby, a special honour. And Thomas Wingfield, esquire, and Roger Chamberlain jousted with lances before the King (age 23) at Westminster. Throughout the entire month of May, during the Queen's coronation, the Earl of Warwick (age 36) and Lord Hastings (age 34), along with other ambassadors of the King, were with Lord Charolais and other ambassadors of the Duke of Burgundy at Boulogne across the sea; and although they superficially celebrated greatly, they ultimately could not come to an agreement, because Lord Charolais at that time strongly favoured Queen Margaret's party.
Et in die Sabbati regina in uno horsleter equitabat per Chepe et altos vicos Londoniæ, et omnes novi milites ante, usque dum venerunt apud Westmonasterium. Et die Dominica sequente coronata fuit in reginam Angliæ a domino Thoma Boughcher, Cantu arise archiepiscopo. Et die Lunæ in crastino fuerunt magna hastiludia apud Westmonasterium; et dominus de Stanley habuit honorem. Habuit annulum cum rubio, honore extra. Et Thomas Wyngfeld, armiger, et Rogerus Chambirleyne hastiludebant cum lanceis coram rege apud Westmonasterium. Toto illo mense Maii tempore coronationis reginæ comes Warrwici ac dominus de Hastynges, et alii ambassiatores regis fuerunt cum domino Charleys ac aliis ambassiatoribus ducis Burgundiæ apud Boleyne supra mare; et quamvis superficialiter fecerint magna festa, finaliter non potuerunt concordare, quia dominus de Charoloys illo tempore multum favebat parti reginæ Margaretæ.
A Brief Latin Chronicle. In the year of Our Lord 1465, on the 26th day of the month of May, namely on the feast of Saint Augustine, the Apostle of the English, at Westminster, the aforementioned Elizabeth was crowned Queen of England. And many Knights of the Bath were created at that time, among whom certain merchants of the city of London were honored with the dignity of knighthood.
Anno Domini millesimo CCCCMLXVXXVJ die mensis Maii, scilicet in festo Sancti Augustini, Anglorum Apostoli, apud Westmonasterium, supradicta Elizabeth coronata est in reginam Anglie. Et creati sunt tunc multi milites de balneo, inter quos quidam mercatores civitatis London. milicie dignitate insigniti sunt.
Memoirs of Philip de Commines Book 1 Chapter 5. July 1465. In his [Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 31)] private instruction, lie had orders to propose a marriage with Margaret (age 19)1, the King of England's sister; but to treat only and negotiate, without coming to any conclusion: for the Count of Charolois, who knew how desirous the King of England was of this match, believed by this means, either to bring him over to his side, if he should have any occasion for his assistance, or at least to hinder him from attempting anything against him. However, though he had no real intention at first to consummate the marriage, upon account of his inveterate hatred to the house of York, yet affairs were so managed, that several years after, the match was concluded; and he moreover accepted the order of the garter2, and wore it to his death.
Note 1. Margaret of York married Charles of Burgundy, in pursuance of a treaty signed at Brussels on the 16th of February, 1467 (O. S.); and the marriage was celebrated at Dan, on the 3rd of July, 1468. She died on the 28th of November, 1503. Unless Commines is in error with regard to the time at which William of Cluny was despatched on his mission, the Count of Charolois contemplated this new alhance whilst his second wife Avas still living; for Isabella of Bourbon did not die until the 26th of September, 1465, two months after the battle of Montlhery.
Note 2. In Rymer, vol, v. part ii. p. 1 73., is a letter from Duke Charles, acknowledging the receipt of the garter from the English ambassadors.
On 24th July 1465 James Harrington (age 35) assisted with the capture of the fugitive King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 43) by being the instrument of persuasion that induced Sir Thomas Talbot of Bashall, and Sir Richard Tempest of Bracewell, who were sheltering the King, to betray him, and received £66 and £100 for expenses and reward.
On 25th July 1465 King Henry VI of England and II of France was captured.
Warkworth's Chronicle. 24th June 1465. Also the same yere, Kynge Herry (age 43) was takene bysyde a howse of religione in Lancaschyre, by the mene of a blacke monke of Abyngtone1, in a wode called Cletherwode, besyde Bungerly Hyppyngstones [Map]2, by Thomas Talbott3,4, sonne and heyre to Sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle, and Jhon Talbott his cosyne of Colebry6, withe other moo, whiche disseyvide7, beyngne at his dynere at Wadyngtone Halle [Map]8, and caryed to Londone on horse bake, and his lege bownde to the styrope9, and so brought thrugh Londone to the Toure, where he was kepte longe tyme by two squyres and ij. yomen of the crowne, and ther menne, and every manne was suffred to come and speke withe hym, by licence of the kepers,
Note 1. A blacke monke of Abyngtone. In the curious fragment printed by Hearne, at the end of the Chronicle of Sprottus, we are informed that William Cantlow was the name of this rascal. Henry's capture, in the MS. No 5, in the College of Arms, is placed under the year 1465: "Hoc et anno, circiter festum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli, captus est Henricus Sextus, nuper Rex Anglie, du[c]tus et publice per Chepam Londonie, cum aliis secum captis; ductus usque ad Turrim Londonie, ibique honorifice commendatus custodie mansit. [During this year, around the feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul [29th June], Henry VI, the former King of England, was captured, led publicly through Cheapside in London, along with others captured with him; he was taken to the Tower of London, where he remained in custody with honorable commendation.]" Fol. 170, vo,
Note 2. Bungerly Hyppyngstones [Map]. This was a ford, obtained by stepping-stones, across the river Ribble. - J.G.N.
Note 3. Thomas Talbott, sonne and heyre to Sere Edmund Talbot of Basshalle. Sir Edmund Talbot, of Bashall, in the parish of Mitton, co. York, died in the 1st Edw. IV. His son, Sir Thomas, was then under age (pedigree in Whitaker's History of Craven, 2d edit. 1812, p. 25); but there can be little doubt that, before his traitorous achievement, he had married Alice, daughter of Sir John Tempest, of Bracewell, under whose protection the unfortunate King was then living. Beside the present reward mentioned in the ensuing note, Sir Thomas Talbot appears to have received a grant of a yearly pension of £40, which was confirmed by Richard III. (pedigree, as above). He survived to the 13th Hen. VII. His father-in-law, Sir John Tempest, was Sheriff of Yorkshire in 18 and 37 Henry VI. (see pedigree of Tempest in Whitaker's Craven, p. 80.) - J.G.N.
Note 4. Thomas Talbott. In the Issue Rolls of the Exchequer of 5 Edw. IV. are the statements of monies paid to this gentleman and others for taking Henry, late de facto et non de jure King of England. It appears that Sir James Haryngton and Sir John Tempest were also concerned in the capture; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot being the chief actor is confirmed by the amount of their relative rewards, he receiving £100 and they each 100 marks. Their "costs and charges," amounting to 100 marks, were also paid. John Levesey also received a reward of £20, and William Rogers of Serne and David Colinley, valets of the King's chamber, together £6 13s 4d. On the 9th of July 1465, Edward, in consideration of "magnam et laboriosam diligentiam suam circa captionem et retinentiam magni proditoris, rebellis, et inimici nostri Henrici nuper vocati Regis Henrici Sexti, per ipsum Jacobum factum [his great and laborious diligence in the capture and retention of the great traitor, rebel, and our enemy, Henry, formerly called King Henry VI, was done by James himself]," gave to Sir James Haryngton a grant of Thurland Castle and other lands, formerly belonging to Richard Tunstell5, a partizan of Henry. - Fœdera, XI. 548.
My ancestor, Sir James Haryngton, did once take prisoner, with his party, this poor prince; for which the House of York did graunt him a parcel of lands in the northern counties, and which he was fool enough to lose again, after the battle of Bosworth, when King Henry the Seventh came to the crown." - Haryngton's Nuga Antiquæ, by T. Park, vol. II. pp. 385–86. Cf. Rot. Parl. V. 584, and Devon's Issue Rolls of the Exchequer, p. 489.
Sir James Harrington (age 35) was of Brierly near Barnsley; a younger brother of Sir John Harrington, of Hornby, who had fallen on the Yorkists ' side at the battle of Wakefield in 1460; their father, Sir Thomas, dying also of his wounds the day after the same battle. Sir James had, in 6 Edw. IV. a grant of £340 from the issues of the county of York. Both he and his younger brother, Sir Robert Harrington, were attainted after the battle of Bosworth in 1 Hen. VII. See further respecting him in Hunter's Deanery of Doncaster, vol. ii. p. 403; to which it may be added that it is probably of him that Leland speaks: "There was a younger brother of the Haryngtons that had in gifte Horneby Castelle [Map]." (Itin. viii. f. 109 a.), that is, he had it for a time to the prejudice of his nieces, the heirs of his elder brother. - J.G.N.
Note 5. The great extent of these possessions may be seen in the Great Roll of the Pipe for 1 Edw. IV. com. Westmorland.
Note 6. Jhon Talbott his cosyne of Colebry. That is, of Salesbury, in the parish of Blackburn, co. Lancaster; see Whitaker's Whalley, 3d edit. 1818, p. 432. A yearly fee of twenty marks was granted by King Edward in consideration of the good and faithful service of Johannes Talbot de Salebury, Esq. "in captura magni adversarii sui Henrici [in the capture of his great adversary, Henry.]," until he received a grant of lands or tenements to the like value; and the same annuity was confirmed to his son Sir John Talbot, of Salebury, by King Richard the Third. See the grant of the confirmation, dated at York 6th June 1484, printed in Baines's History of Lancashire, vol. i. p. 421.—J.G.N.
Note 7. whiche disseyvide. i e. which King Henry, deceived.
Note 8. Wadyngtone Hall [Map]. Waddington is a chapelry within the parish of Mitton, little more than a mile from Bashall. It had belonged to the Tempests of Bracewell from the time of Edward I. Dr. Whitaker says (Hist. of Craven, p. 25), "Waddington Hall, though constructed of strong old masonry, has nearly lost all appearance of antiquity. But one room contains the name of King Henry's chamber." In the History of Whalley, p. 473, will be seen an etching of the ruins. At Bracewell also, (which is now likewise in ruins,) in the older stone portion of the house, "is an apartment called King Henry's Parlour; undoubtedly one of the retreats of Henry VI." (Ibid. p. 82.) At Bolton, in the same neighbourhood, after describing a very ancient hall, and its canopy over the high table, Dr. Whitaker adds, "In this very hall, and probably under the same canopy, that unhappy monarch ate the bread of affliction during a retreat, as it is reported by tradition, of several months. An adjoining well retains the name of King Harry, who is said to have directed it to be dug and walled, in its present shape, for a cold bath." It is at Bolton where there are still preserved three relics of King Henry, a boot, a glove, and a spoon; figures of which are engraved in the Gentleman's Magazine for June 1785, and again in the History of Craven, p. 106. The boot and glove are remarkably small, and show, in Dr. Whitaker's words, that "in an age when the habits of the great, in peace as well as war, required perpetual exertions of bodily strength, this unhappy prince must have been equally contemptible from corporeal and from mental imbecility." - J.G.N.
Note 9. His lege bownde to the styrope. One author, and as far as I have been able to find he is the only authority for it, says, that Henry was immediately cast into chains. - Matthæi Palmesii Pisani Continuatio Chronici Eusebiani, ed. Venetiis, 1483, fol. 155, vº. According to some writers, Henry's two religious friends, Drs. Manning and Bedle, were the only companions of his misfortunes. - Cf. Monstrelet, IV. 182.
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Chronicle of Sprottus. July 1465 And after this skirmish att Hexham king Harry (age 43) was takin in a woode by one William Cantlow and brought to the king and aftir committid to the towre of London, where as he continuid in captivitie unto the XVIII day of Octobre in the yere of or lorde 1469.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. [24th July 1465] In anno D. 1464. King Henry was taken yn Cletherwoode, byside Bungerley Hippingstones in Lancastreshyre, by Thomas Talbot, Sunne and Heire to Syr Edmunde Talbot of Basfhal, and John Talbot his Cosyn of Colebry, which deceivid hym beyng at his Dyner at Wadington Haul, and brought hym to London with his Legges bounde to the Stiroppes.
Croyland Chronicle 1465. [24th July 1465] But now, following the course of our narrative, I think that the fact ought here to be inserted, that Henry (age 43), lately styled king of England, who, from the time of the arrival of the most illustrious prince, now king Edward, had, as we have already mentioned, taken refuge in Scotland or lurked in secret hidingplaces in the bordering castles of England, was now taken prisoner. This happened in this present year, the same being the year of our Lord, 1465. Being captured in the northern parts, he was led by a strong body of men to the Tower of London, where king Edward ordered all possible humanity to be shewn towards him, consistently with his safe custody; and, at the same time, gave directions that he should be supplied with all suitable necessaries, and treated with becoming respect.
Chronicle of Enguerrand de Monstrelet [1400-1453]. August 1465 In the month of August, in this year, king Henry VI (age 43) of England whs taken prisoner by a party of king Edward's. He was mounted on a small poney, and thus; led through the streets of London, when, according to the orders ot Edward, no one saluted or did him the least honour, — for it had been forbidden, under pain of death. He was carried to the tower of London, ia the front of which was a tree, after the manner of a pillory, round which he was led three times, and then confined in the tower. This proceeding troubled many of the citizens of London, — but they dared not show any signs of it, nor open their mouths on the subject.
On 16th July 1465 Pierre de Brézé (age 55) was killed at the Battle of Montlhéry.
On 6th September 1465 Archbishop George Neville (age 33) was enthroned as Archbishop of York at Cawood Castle, North Yorkshire [Map]. Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence (age 14), Anne Neville Queen Consort England (age 9) and King Richard III of England (age 12) were present.
In 1466 the Lancastrian Richard Turnstall led the garrison of Harlech Castle [Map] in a raid on Wrexham. The rebels captured Holt Castle [Map]. John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester (age 38) was sent to suppress the rebellion.
On 3rd July 1468 Charles "Bold" Valois Duke Burgundy (age 34) and Margaret of York Duchess of Burgundy (age 22) were married at Bruges [Map]. She the daughter of Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 53). He the son of Philip "Good" Valois III Duke Burgundy and Isabella Aviz Duchess Burgundy (age 71). They were half second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
John Paston (age 24) and John Scott (age 45) travelled with Margaret. The marriage re-enforced King Edward IV's connection with the Low Countries.
A Brief Latin Chronicle. In this year, around the feast of Saint John the Baptist [24th June 1468], Margaret (age 22), sister of King Edward, crossed the sea and became the wife of the Duke of Burgundy (age 34).
Hoc anno, circiter festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste, transfretavit Margareta soror Regis Edwardi et uxor ducis Burgundie effecta est.