Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Second Cousin Twice Removed is in Second Cousin.
Before 1065 Robert "The Frisian" I Count Flanders (age 31) and Gertrude Billung Countess Holland (age 34) were married. She the daughter of Bernard II Duke of Saxony and Eilika Schweinfurt Duchess Saxony. He the son of Baldwin "The Good" V Count Flanders (age 52) and Adela Capet Duchess Normandy (age 55). They were second cousin twice removed.
Around 1222 John Dunkeld 9th Earl Huntingdon 7th Earl Chester 8th Earl Northampton (age 15) and Elen ferch Llewellyn Aberffraw Countess Huntingdon and Mar (age 4) were married. He the son of David Dunkeld 8th Earl Huntingdon and Matilda Gernon Countess Huntingdon (age 51). They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a granddaughter of King John of England.
In 1240 Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur (age 24) and Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur (age 20) were married. She by marriage Countess Luxemburg, Countess Namur. She the daughter of Henry of Bar II Count of Bar and Philippa Capet Countess of Bar (age 48). He the son of Waleran Luxemburg III Duke Limburg and Erminsende Namur Countess of Bar (age 53). They were second cousin twice removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England.
In 1260 Manuel Ivrea (age 26) and Constance Barcelona were married. She the daughter of James "The Just" II King Aragon and Blanche Capet Queen Consort Aragon. He the son of Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon and Elisabeth Hohenstaufen Queen Consort Castile Queen Consort Leon. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
In 1308 John Dampierre I Marquis Namur (age 41) and Margaret Bourbon (age 19) were married. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Robert Bourbon 1st Count Clermont (age 52) and Beatrice Burgundy (age 51). He the son of Guy Dampierre Count Flanders and Isabelle Luxemburg Countess Flanders. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King William "Conqueror" I of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
In 1309 Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick (age 37) and Alice Tosny Countess Warwick (age 24) were married. She by marriage Countess Warwick. He the son of William Beauchamp 9th Earl Warwick and Maud Fitzjohn Countess Warwick. They were second cousin twice removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
In 1324 Eubulus Strange and Alice Lacy Countess Leicester, and Lancaster 5th Countess of Salisbury 5th Countess Lincoln (age 42) were married. She the daughter of Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury and Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln. They were second cousin twice removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
Before 1370 George Dunbar 10th Earl March (age 31) and Christina Wyntoun Countess Dunbar were married. He the son of Patrick Dunbar 9th Earl March and Agnes "Black Agnes" Randolph Countess March. They were second cousin twice removed.
In or before 1376 Richard Venables (age 39) and Joan Fitton (age 30) were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 2nd October 1386 John Montfort V Duke Brittany (age 47) and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 16) were married at Saillé [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux, Countess Richmond. His third marriage, her first. The marriage proceeded when her father Charles "Bad" II King Navarre (age 53) agreed to give his daughter 120,000 gold francs and to pay 6,000 francs owed to John, duke of Brittany, for the rent of certain lands. He, John, gave her the cities of Nantes [Map] and Guerrand [Map]. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 23rd July 1392 William Beauchamp 1st Baron Abergavenny (age 49) and Joan Fitzalan Baroness Bergavenny were married. She by marriage Baroness Abergavenny. She the daughter of Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel (age 46) and Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey. He the son of Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick and Katherine Mortimer Countess Warwick. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King John of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1396 John Valois I Duke Alençon and Marie Montfort Duchess Alençon (age 4) were married. She the daughter of John Montfort V Duke Brittany (age 57) and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 26). He the son of Peter Valois II Count Alençon (age 56) and Marie Chamaillart Countess Alençon. They were second cousin twice removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
Before 24th July 1406 John Neville 6th Baron Latimer of Corby (age 24) and Maud Clifford Countess Cambridge (age 17) were married. She by marriage Baroness Latimer of Corby. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
Before 1407 John Fitzalan 6th or 13th Earl of Arundel (age 21) and Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel (age 24) were married. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John of England.
Before 1414 John Neville 6th Baron Latimer of Corby (age 31) and Maud Clifford Countess Cambridge (age 24) were divorced.
On 6th September 1425 John "Old Talbot" Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (age 42) and Margaret Beauchamp Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 21) were married. She by marriage Baroness Strange Blackmere, Baroness Talbot. The difference in their ages was 21 years. She the daughter of Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 43) and Elizabeth Berkeley Countess Warwick. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
After 4th May 1453 Thomas Scrope 5th Baron Scrope of Masham (age 24) and Elizabeth Greystoke Baroness Scrope Masham (age 17) were married. They were second cousin twice removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 10th September 1454 René Valois Anjou I Duke Anjou (age 45) and Jeanne Laval Duchess Anjou (age 20) were married at Abbey St Nicholas, Angers. She by marriage Duchess Anjou. The difference in their ages was 24 years. He the son of King Louis of Naples and Yolande Barcelona Queen Consort Naples. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.
On 25th August 1476 John "Cicero" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg (age 21) and Margaret of Thuringia (age 27) were married. He the son of Albert "Achilles" Elector Brandenburg (age 61). They were second cousin twice removed.
On 14th February 1479 Frederick Hohenzollern I Margrave Brandenburg-Ansbach (age 18) and Sophia Jagiellon Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (age 14) were married. He the son of Albert "Achilles" Elector Brandenburg (age 64). They were second cousin twice removed.
On 21st November 1496 George Duke of Saxony (age 25) and Barbara Jagiellon (age 18) were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
In 1503 Peter Legh (age 23) and Jane Gerard (age 18) were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
In 1503 Lewis Bagot (age 43) and Ann Montgomery (age 18) were married. The difference in their ages was 25 years. They were second cousin twice removed.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Before 1507 John Stewart 2nd Earl Atholl (age 31) and Janet Campbell Countess Atholl were married. She the daughter of Archibald Campbell 2nd Earl Argyll (age 57) and Elizabeth Stewart Countess Argyll (age 43). He the son of John Stewart 1st Earl Atholl (age 66) and Eleanor Sinclair Countess Atholl (age 49). They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England.
by June 1511 Henry "Shepherd Lord" Clifford 10th Baron Clifford (age 57) and Florence Pudsey (age 23) were married. The difference in their ages was 34 years. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.
On 9th October 1514 Louis XII King France (age 52) and Mary Tudor Queen Consort France (age 18) were married at Abbeville [Map], Somme. She by marriage Queen Consort France. Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset (age 37), Thomas West 8th Baron De La Warr 5th Baron West (age 57), Thomas Brooke 8th Baron Cobham (age 44) and his son George Brooke 9th Baron Cobham (age 17), Bishop Thomas Ruthall (age 42) and Margaret Wotton Marchioness Dorset (age 27) attended. The difference in their ages was 33 years. She the daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England. He the son of Charles Valois Duke Orléans and Mary La Marck Duchess Orléans. They were second cousin twice removed.
Around June 1519 George Neville 5th and 3rd Baron Abergavenny (age 50) and Mary Stafford Baroness Bergavenny (age 24) were married. She by marriage Baroness Abergavenny. The difference in their ages was 26 years. She the daughter of Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham (age 41) and Eleanor Percy Duchess Buckingham. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1601 Thomas "Black Tom" Butler 10th Earl Ormonde 3rd Earl Ossory (age 69) and Eleanor Barry Countess Ormonde and Ossory were married. She by marriage Countess Ormonde, Countess Ossory. He the son of James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory and Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory. They were second cousin twice removed.
After 1627 Thomas Holte 1st Baronet (age 56) and Anne Littleton were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
Before 1631 Hugh Pollard 2nd Baronet (age 27) and Bridget Vere Baroness Norreys Rycote (age 46) were married. She the daughter of Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford and Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 18th December 1638 Henry Bourchier 5th Earl Bath (age 51) and Rachael Fane Countess Bath and Middlesex (age 25) were married at Church of St Bartholomew the Great. She by marriage Countess Bath, Countess Eu. The difference in their ages was 26 years. She the daughter of Francis Fane 1st Earl of Westmoreland and Mary Mildmay Countess of Westmoreland (age 56). They were second cousin twice removed.
In 1648 John Rolle (age 22) and Florence Rolle (age 16) were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 30th April 1651 Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor (age 42) and Eleonora Gonzaga Queen Consort Bohemia (age 21) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Bohemia. The difference in their ages was 21 years. She the daughter of Charles Gonzaga Duke Nevers Duke Rethel and Maria Gonzaga Duchess of Montferrat (age 41). He the son of Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 6th July 1655 Baptist Noel 3rd Viscount Campden (age 44) and Elizabeth Bertie Viscountess Campden (age 15) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Campden. The difference in their ages was 29 years. She the daughter of Montagu Bertie 2nd Earl Lindsey (age 47) and Martha Cockayne Countess Holderness. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 11th December 1664 Henry Barnewall 2nd Viscount Barnewall and Mary Nugent Viscountess Barnewall (age 16) were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
On 13th May 1755 Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 29) and Charlotte Sophie Saxe Coburg Saalfeld (age 23) were married. She the daughter of Francis Josias Saxe Coburg Saalfeld Duke Saxe Coburg Saalfeld and Duchess Anna Sophie Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (age 54). He the son of Christian Ludwig II Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 71). They were second cousin twice removed.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Before 26th August 1832 Charles Greville (age 69) and Charlotte Cavendish-Bentinck (age 56) were married. She the daughter of William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke Portland and Dorothy Cavendish 3rd Duchess Portland. They were second cousin twice removed.
In June 1882 Hugh Lupus Grosvenor 1st Duke Westminster (age 56) and Katherine Cavendish Duchess Westminster (age 25) were married. She by marriage Duchess Westminster. The difference in their ages was 31 years. He the son of Richard Grosvenor 2nd Marquess Westminster and Elizabeth Mary Leveson-Gower Marchioness Westminster (age 85). They were second cousin twice removed.
Ralph I Capet I Count Vermandois and Petronilla Poitiers were married. She the daughter of William "Saint" Poitiers X Duke Aquitaine and Aenor Chatellerault Duchess Aquitaine. He the son of Hugh "Great" Capet and Adelaide I Countess Vermandois. They were second cousin twice removed.
Thomas Fairfax 3rd Lord Fairfax and Anne Vere Lady Fairfax were married. They were second cousin twice removed.
Gilbert Basset and Isabel Ferrers were married. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the daughter of William Ferrers 5th Earl of Derby and Sibyl Marshal. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
Robert de Moravia Sutherland 6th Earl Sutherland and Margaret Stewart Countess Sutherland were married. She the daughter of Alexander "The Wolf of Badenoch" Stewart 3rd Earl Buchan and Mariota Mackay Countess Moray. He the son of William de Moravia Sutherland 5th Earl Sutherland and Johanna Menteith Countess Sutherland. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King John of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John of England.
Ralph I Capet I Count Vermandois and Lauretta Metz Countess Namur and Luxemburg were married. She the daughter of Thierry Count Flanders and Swanhilde Countess Flanders. He the son of Hugh "Great" Capet and Adelaide I Countess Vermandois. They were second cousin twice removed.