Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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On 20th April 1805 Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born.
In 1823 Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz [aged 7] went to Paris [Map] and studied under Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 17].
1831. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 25]. Portrait of Leopold Grand Duke of Baden [aged 40].
Leopold Grand Duke of Baden: On 29th August 1790 he was born. On 25th June 1819 he and Princess Sophie of Sweden were married. She the daughter of King Gustav IV of Sweden. On 24th April 1852 he died. His son Louis succeeded II Grand Duke of Baden. He suffered from a mental illness during all of his life so his brother Frederick Grand Duke of Baden acted a Regent until 1852 when Frederick Grand Duke of Baden also became Grand Duke of Baden.
1831. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 25]. Portrait of Princess Sophie of Sweden [aged 29].
Princess Sophie of Sweden: On 21st May 1801 she was born to King Gustav IV of Sweden. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. On 6th July 1865 Princess Sophie of Sweden died.
1840. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 34]. Portrait of Princess Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 17] around the time of her marriage to Prince Louis Duke Nemours [aged 25] on 26th April 1840.
Princess Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha: On 14th February 1822 she was born to Ferdinand Georg August Saxe Coburg Gotha and Maria Antonia Koháry Csábrág. In 26th April 1840 Prince Louis Duke Nemours and she were married. He the son of King Louis Philippe I of France. On 10th November 1857 Princess Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha died.
Around 1840. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 34]. Portrait of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 20]. Note the Arm Garter as worn by Ladies of the Garter.
Around 1842. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 36]. Portrait of Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [aged 1].
Around 1842. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 36]. Portrait of Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [aged 1].
Around 1846. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 40]. Portrait of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales [aged 4].
Around 1846. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 40]. Portrait of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 26] and Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 26] and their children.
Around 1846. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 40]. Portrait of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 26].
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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1846. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 40]. Portrait of Antoine Orléans Duke Montpensier [aged 21].
1848. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 42]. Portrait of Princess Maria of the Two Sicilies [aged 25].
Princess Maria of the Two Sicilies: On 26th April 1822 she was born to Leopold Prince of Salerno and Archduchess Clementina of Austria. On 25th November 1844 Prince Henri Duke of Aumale and she were married. He the son of King Louis Philippe I of France. They were fourth cousin once removed. On 6th December 1869 Princess Maria of the Two Sicilies died.
Around 1850. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 44]. Portrait of Major-General John Douglas [aged 32].
Major-General John Douglas: On 7th April 1817 he was born. On 8th September 1888 he died.
In 1853. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 47]. Portrait of Empress Eugénie of France [aged 26].
1854. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 48]. Portrait of Princess Sophie of Sweden [aged 52].
Around 1854. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 48]. Portrait of Empress Eugénie of France [aged 27].
In 1855. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 49]. The Emperor Napoléon III [aged 46].
Around 1855. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 49]. The Empress Eugénie of France [aged 28] surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting.
Around 1857. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 51]. Portrait of Marie Luise Victoria Saxe Coburg Gotha Duchess Kent and Strathearn [aged 70].
Around 1857. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 51]. Portrait of Princess Anna of Prussia [aged 20].
Princess Anna of Prussia: On 17th May 1836 she was born to Charles Hohenzollern and Marie Saxe Weimar Eisenach. On 26th May 1853 Friedrich Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel and she were married. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. On 12th June 1918 Princess Anna of Prussia died.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Before 1858. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 52]. Portrait of Clementina Augusta Wellington Child-Villiers [aged 33].
Around 1859. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 53]. Portrait of Prince Albert Saxe Coburg Gotha [aged 39].
Around 1862. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 56]. Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [aged 21] and Frederick III King Prussia [aged 30] and their chlidren.
Around 1863. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 57]. Portrait of William Douglas Hamilton 12th Duke Hamilton 9th Duke Brandon [aged 17].
William Douglas Hamilton 12th Duke Hamilton 9th Duke Brandon: On 12th March 1845 he was born to William Alexander Archibald Hamilton 11th Duke Hamilton 8th Duke Brandon at Connaught Place, Bayswater. On 8th July 1863 William Alexander Archibald Hamilton 11th Duke Hamilton 8th Duke Brandon died. His son William succeeded 12th Duke Hamilton, 8th Marquess Douglas, 9th Duke Brandon of Suffolk, 9th Baron Dutton of Cheshire. On 10th December 1873 William Douglas Hamilton 12th Duke Hamilton 9th Duke Brandon and Mary Louisa Elizabeth Montagu Duchess Hamilton Duchess Brandon were married. She by marriage Duchess Hamilton, Duchess Brandon of Suffolk. She the daughter of William Drogo Montagu 7th Duke Manchester and Louisa Vonalten Duchess Devonshire and Manchester. He the son of William Alexander Archibald Hamilton 11th Duke Hamilton 8th Duke Brandon. They were fourth cousin once removed. On 16th May 1895 William Douglas Hamilton 12th Duke Hamilton 9th Duke Brandon died at Algiers. His fourth cousin Alfred succeeded 13th Duke Hamilton, 10th Duke Brandon of Suffolk, 9th Marquess Douglas, 10th Baron Dutton of Cheshire.
Around 1865. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 59]. Portrait of Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [aged 24].
Around 1865. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 59]. Portrait of Empress Elisabeth of Austria [aged 27].
Around 1871. Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 65]. Portrait of Maria Holstein Gottorp Romanov [aged 17].
On 8th July 1873 Franz Xaver Winterhalter [aged 68] died.