The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby 1660-1717

Paternal Family Tree: Norman

On 14th November 1659 [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 25] and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 24] were married at Den Bosch. He the son of [her grandfather] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde [aged 49] and [her grandmother] Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde [aged 44].

In 1660 Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby was born to [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 25] and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 24].

In 1662 [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 27] by writ of acceleration6th Earl Ossory. [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 26] by marriage Countess Ossory.

In June 1671 William St Lawrence 12th Baron Howth [aged 43] died. His son Thomas [aged 12] succeeded 13th Baron Howth. He was placed nuder the guardianship of his father's friend Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 36].

On 21st December 1672 Charles Stanley 8th Earl of Derby [aged 44] died. His son [her future husband] William [aged 17] succeeded 9th Earl Derby, 3rd Baron Strange Knockin.

In 1673 William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby [aged 18] and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Countess Derby. She the daughter of Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 38] and Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 37]. He the son of Charles Stanley 8th Earl of Derby and Dorothea Helena Kirkoven Countess Derby [aged 43]. They were half third cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

John Evelyn's Diary. 6th September 1676. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain's [aged 58], where also supped the famous beauty and errant lady, the Duchess of Mazarine [aged 30] (all the world knows her story), the Duke of Monmouth [aged 27], Countess of Sussex [aged 15] (both natural children of the King [aged 46] by the Duchess of Cleveland [aged 35]) [Note. A mistake by Evelyn. Jame's Scott's mother was Lucy Walter, Anne Fitzroy's mother was Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland], and the Countess of Derby [aged 16], a virtuous lady, daughter to my best friend, the [her father] Earl of Ossory [aged 42].

John Evelyn's Diary. 26th July 1680. His Majesty [aged 50] never lost a worthier subject, nor father a better or more dutiful son; a loving, generous, good-natured, and perfectly obliging friend; one who had done innumerable kindnesses to several before they knew it; nor did he ever advance any that were not worthy; no one more brave, more modest; none more humble, sober, and every way virtuous. Unhappy England in this illustrious person's loss! Universal was the mourning for him, and the eulogies on him; I stayed night and day by his bedside to his last gasp, to close his dear eyes! O sad father, mother, wife, and children! What shall I add? He deserved all that a sincere friend, a brave soldier, a virtuous courtier, a loyal subject, an honest man, a bountiful master, and good Christian, could deserve of his prince and country. One thing more let me note, that he often expressed to me the abhorrence he had of that base and unworthy action which he was put upon, of engaging the Smyrna fleet in time of peace, in which though he behaved himself like a great captain, yet he told me it was the only blot in his life, and troubled him exceedingly. Though he was commanded, and never examined further when he was so, yet he always spoke of it with regret and detestation. The Countess [aged 45] was at the seat of her daughter, the Countess of Derby [aged 20], about 200 miles off.

On 30th July 1680 [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory [aged 46] died. He was buried in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey the next day.

William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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In 1682 [her brother] James Butler 2nd Duke Ormonde [aged 16] and [her sister-in-law] Anne Hyde were married. She the daughter of Lawrence Hyde 1st Earl Rochester [aged 39] and Henrietta Boyle Countess Rochester [aged 36]. He the son of [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 46]. They were sixth cousins.

In 1685 [her brother] James Butler 2nd Duke Ormonde [aged 19] and [her sister-in-law] Mary Somerset Duchess Ormonde [aged 21] were married. She the daughter of Henry Somerset 1st Duke Beaufort [aged 56] and Mary Capell Duchess Beaufort [aged 54]. He the son of [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 49].

In 1687 [her daughter] Henrietta Stanley Countess Anglesey was born to [her husband] William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby [aged 32] and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 27]. She married (1) 21st May 1706 John Annesley 4th Earl Anglesey, son of James Annesley 2nd Earl Anglesey and Elizabeth Manners Countess Anglesey (2) 24th July 1714 her half sixth cousin John Ashburnham 1st Earl Ashburnham, son of John Ashburnham 1st Baron Ashburnham and Bridget Vaughan Baroness Ashburnham, and had issue.

On 21st July 1688 [her grandfather] James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde [aged 77] died. His grandson [her brother] James [aged 23] de jure 2nd Duke Ormonde, 2nd Marquess Ormonde, 13th Earl Ormonde, 6th Earl Ossory. [her sister-in-law] Mary Somerset Duchess Ormonde [aged 24] by marriage Duchess Ormonde.

Before 12th December 1688 [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory [aged 53] died. She was buried 12th December 1688 in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey.

Coronation William III and Mary II

On 22nd April 1689 Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 29] was appointed Principal Lady in Waiting to Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland [aged 26] as well as Groom of the Stool and Mistress of the Robes attracting a salary of £1200 per annum (£800 and £400 respectively).

On 12th January 1697 [her brother-in-law] Henry Nassau 1st Earl Grantham [aged 24] and [her sister] Henrietta Butler Countess Grantham were married. She the daughter of [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory. They were first cousins.

In 1698 [her brother-in-law] Henry Nassau 1st Earl Grantham [aged 25] was created 1st Earl Grantham. [her sister] Henrietta Butler Countess Grantham by marriage Countess Grantham.

Before 5th November 1702 [her son] James Stanley died.

On 5th November 1702 [her husband] William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby [aged 47] died. On His brother [her brother-in-law] James [aged 38] succeeded 10th Earl Derby. Baron Strange Knockin abeyant between his two daughters Henrietta Stanley Countess Anglesey [aged 15] and Elizabeth Stanley. On the death of Elizabeth Stanley in 1714 the abeyance was terminated in favour of Henrietta Stanley Countess Anglesey.

On 3rd June 1705 or 18th September 1721 [her brother] Charles Butler 3rd Duke Ormond [aged 33] and [her sister-in-law] Elizabeth Crew Countess Arran [aged 26] were married. She by marriage Countess Arran. He the son of [her father] Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory and [her mother] Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory.

Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall

The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.

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On 21st May 1706 [her son-in-law] John Annesley 4th Earl Anglesey [aged 30] and Henrietta Stanley Countess Anglesey [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess Anglesey. She the daughter of William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 46]. He the son of James Annesley 2nd Earl Anglesey and Elizabeth Manners Countess Anglesey.

In 1714 [her daughter] Elizabeth Stanley died. In 1714 Her sister Henrietta [aged 27] abeyance terminated 4th Baroness Strange Knockin.

On 24th July 1714 [her son-in-law] John Ashburnham 1st Earl Ashburnham [aged 27] and Henrietta Stanley Countess Anglesey [aged 27] were married. She by marriage Baroness Ashburnham of Ashburnham in Sussex. She the daughter of William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 54]. They were half sixth cousins.

In 1717 Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby [aged 57] died. She was buried in the Duke of Ormonde Vault, King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey.

[her son] James Stanley was born to William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby.

[her daughter] Elizabeth Stanley was born to William Stanley 9th Earl of Derby and Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby.

Royal Ancestors of Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby 1660-1717

Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 26 Grand Daughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Kings France: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 23 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Ancestors of Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby 1660-1717

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Butler 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Walter Butler 11th Earl Ormonde 4th Earl Ossory 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Burke 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Walsingham Countess Essex 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Butler 1st Viscount Mountgarret 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Butler 2nd Viscount Mountgarret 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Butler Viscountess Mountgarret 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Helen Butler Countess Ormonde and Ossory 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Barnaby Fitzpatrick 1st Baron Ossory

Great x 3 Grandmother: Grizzel Fitzpatrick Viscountess Mountgarret

GrandFather: James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Nicholas Poyntz 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas Poyntz of Iron Acton 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Berkeley 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Poyntz 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Verney

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Verney 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Braye 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Poyntz 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Sydenham III 9 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alexander Syndeham 10 x Great Grand Son of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sydenham 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Father: Thomas Butler 6th Earl Ossory 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Preston of Whitehill in Midlothian

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Preston 1st Earl Desmond

GrandMother: Elizabeth Preston Duchess Ormonde 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Piers "Red" Butler 8th Earl Ormonde 1st Earl Ossory 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: James Butler 9th Earl Ormonde 2nd Earl Ossory 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas "Black Tom" Butler 10th Earl Ormonde 3rd Earl Ossory 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Fitzgerald 10th Earl Desmond 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Fitzgerald Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Butler 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund Sheffield 1st Baron Sheffield 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Sheffield 2nd Baron Sheffield 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Vere Baroness Sheffield 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Sheffield Countess Ormonde and Ossory 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Howard 1st Baron Howard 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Douglas Howard Baroness Sheffield 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Gamage Baroness Howard 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England

Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Prince Maurice I of Orange 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry IV Duke Saxony 9 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Maurice Elector of Saxony 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Anna of Saxony 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Philip I of Hesse 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Agnes of Hesse 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Christine of Saxony 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

GrandFather: Louis Nassau Beverweert 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaretha van Mechelen

Mother: Emilia Nassau Beverweert Countess Ossory 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England