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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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Paternal Family Tree: Oldenburg
Maternal Family Tree: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 1683-1737
On 11th December 1743 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 20) and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 18) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [her grandfather] King George II of Great Britain and Ireland (age 60) and [her grandmother] Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England. He the son of [her grandfather] Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway (age 44). They were third cousin once removed.
On 10th July 1747 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg was born to [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 24) and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 22). She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 19th December 1751 [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 27) died.
On 8th July 1752 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 29) and [her step-mother] Juliana Maria Welf Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 22) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of [her grandfather] Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway.
On 1st September 1764 William Elector of Hesse (age 21) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 17) were married at Christiansborg Castle. She the daughter of Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 41) and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 44) and Mary Hanover (age 41). They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 14th January 1766 [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway (age 42) died. His son [her brother] Christian (age 16) succeeded VII King of Denmark and Norway.
On 1st October 1766 [her brother-in-law] Gustav III King Sweden (age 20) and [her sister] Queen Sophia of Sweden (age 20) were married. She the daughter of [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. He the son of Adolph Frederick King Sweden (age 56) and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia Queen Consort of Sweden (age 46). They were second cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
On 8th November 1766 [her brother] Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway (age 17) and [her sister-in-law] Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 15) were married at Christiansborg Castle. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. She the daughter of [her uncle] Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales and Augusta Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 46). He the son of [her father] Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway and [her mother] Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were first cousins. He a grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 14th September 1768 [her daughter] Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 25) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 21). She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%.
On 11th July 1771 [her daughter] Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 28) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 24). She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. She married 24th April 1802 her fifth cousin once removed Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg, son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg.
On 8th August 1772 [her son] Friedrich Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 29) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 25). He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. He died aged eleven in 1784.
On 28th July 1777 [her son] Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel was born to [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 34) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 30). He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. He married 13th February 1797 his third cousin Princess Augusta of Prussia.
On 20th July 1784 [her son] Friedrich Hesse-Kassel (age 11) died.
On 31st October 1785 [her father-in-law] Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 65) died. His son [her husband] William (age 42) succeeded IX Landgrave Hesse Kassel. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 38) by marriage Landgravine Hesse Kassel.
1791. Wilhelm Bottner (age 38). Portrait of [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 47) and his family including his wife Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 43) and their children [her son] Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel (age 13), [her daughter] Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel (age 22) and [her daughter] Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 19).
Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel: On 28th July 1777 he was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. On 13th February 1797 Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel and Princess Augusta of Prussia were married. She the daughter of Frederick William II King Prussia and Queen Frederica Louisa of Prussia. He the son of William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland. On 20th November 1847 Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel died.
Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel: On 14th September 1768 she was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. On 17th April 1839 Marie Friederike Hesse-Kassel died.
Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg: On 11th July 1771 she was born to William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.89%. On 24th April 1802 Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and she were married at Kassel. She the daughter of William Elector of Hesse and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg. He the son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. On 20th April 1804 Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg died at Gotha. His son Duke succeeded Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg. She by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg. On 22nd February 1848 Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg died.
On 13th February 1797 [her son] Wilhelm Hesse-Kassel (age 19) and [her daughter-in-law] Princess Augusta of Prussia (age 16) were married. She the daughter of Frederick William II King Prussia (age 52) and Queen Frederica Louisa of Prussia (age 45). He the son of [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 53) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 49). They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 24th April 1802 [her son-in-law] Duke Augustus of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 29) and [her daughter] Karoline Amalie Hesse-Kassel Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 30) were married at Kassel. She the daughter of [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 58) and Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 54). He the son of Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 57) and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 50). They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.
In 1803 [her husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 59) was appointed Elector Hesse. Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 55) by marriage Electress Hesse.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 13th March 1808 [her brother] Christian VII King of Denmark and Norway (age 59) died. His son [her nephew] Frederick (age 40) succeeded VI King of Denmark and Norway. Marie Sophie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 40) by marriage Queen Consort Denmark and Norway.
On 21st August 1813 [her sister] Queen Sophia of Sweden (age 67) died.
On 19th January 1820 Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg (age 72) died.
On 27th February 1821 [her former husband] William Elector of Hesse (age 77) died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Grand Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 20 Grand Daughter of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian IV King of Denmark 
12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick III King of Denmark 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Christian V King of Denmark and Norway 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophie Amalie Hanover Queen Consort Denmark 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Frederick IV King of Denmark and Norway 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave William V of Hesse-Kassel 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Wilhelm "The Just" VI Hesse-Kassel 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Charlotte Amalie Hesse-Kassel Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George William Hohenzollern 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Hedwig Sophia Hohenzollern 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Charlotte Palatinate Simmern 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
GrandFather: Christian VI King of Denmark and Norway 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Duke John VII of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Duke John Albert II of Mecklenburg 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Oldenburg 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Louise of Mecklenburg Güstrow Queen Consort Denmark and Norway 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick III Duke of Holstein Gottorp
Great x 2 Grandmother: Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein Gottorp 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Wettin Elector Saxony 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Elisabeth of Saxony Duchess Holstein Gottorp 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Father: Frederick V King of Denmark and Norway 12 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Electress Wilhelmina Caroline Oldenburg Grand Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: Ernest Augustus Hanover Elector Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: King George I Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick IV Elector Palatine 
11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick Palatinate Simmern V Elector Palatine Rhine 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Electress Sophia Palatinate Simmern Grand Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia 
Daughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: King George II of Great Britain and Ireland 2 x Great Grand Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 3 Grandfather: George Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg
Great x 2 Grandfather: George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Landgrave Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Eleonore Hesse Darmstadt Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Sophia Dorothea of Celle 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleonore Esmier D'Olbreuse Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother: Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway Daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John George Hohenzollern Margrave of Brandenburg 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Joachim Ernst Hohenzollern 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
Great x 2 Grandfather: Albert Hohenzollern 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Frederick Hohenzollern 14 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Caroline Hohenzollern Queen Consort England 15 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England