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Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Around 1040 King Harald III of Denmark was born illegitimately to [his father] King Sweyn II of Denmark (age 21).
In 1047 [his father] King Sweyn II of Denmark (age 28) was appointed II King of Denmark.
Flowers of History. 1069. Between the time of the two festivals of the blessed Virgin Mary, in the autumn, the two sons of [his father] Sweyn (age 50) [King Harald III of Denmark (age 29) and [his brother] King Canute "The Holy" IV of Denmark (age 27)] came with three hundred ships from Denmark into England, in order to subdue it in a hostile manner, and to take king William prisoner (age 41), or else expel him from England. But when their arrival was noised abroad, the counts, and barons, and nobles of the land went forth to meet them, being oppressed by the intolerable arrogance of the Normans; and they made a treaty with them, and so joined the army of the Danes, in order to overthrow king William. But William, that most prudent king, when he saw the danger that threatened him, humbled himself to them, and checked the insolence of the Normans; and having in this way recalled many of the English nobles to their allegiance, and having sagaciously made a treaty with them all, he took the city of York [Map] by storm, which was a great rendezvous of the Danes, and made himself master of every thing in it, and slew many thousand men there.
Historia Regum by Simeon of Durham. In this year, before the Nativity of St. Mary [8th September 1069], Harold (age 29) and [his brother] Cnut (age 27), sons of [his father] Suane (age 50), king of the Danes, and their uncle, [his uncle] earl Osbern, and their bishop, Christian, and earl Turkill, coming with two hundred and forty ships from Denmark, landed at the mouth of the river Humber. There they were met by Eadgar Atheling, earl Walthev, and Marlesswein, and many others, with a fleet which they had provided. Earl Cospatric was there also, with the whole strength of the Northumbrians, who all assembled with one consent against the Normans.
Chronicon ex Chronicis by Florence and John of Worcester. 8th September 1069. Before the Nativity of St. Mary [8th September] Harold (age 29) and [his brother] Canute (age 27), sons of [his father] Sweyn (age 50), king of Denmark, and their uncle, earl [his uncle] Asbiorn, with earl Thurkill, arriving from Denmark with two hundred and forty ships, landed at the mouth of the river Humber, where they were met by Edgar (age 18) the etheling, earl Waltheof, Marlesweyn, and many others, with a fleet they had assembled. Aldred, archbishop of York, was so distressed at their arrival, that he fell dangerously sick, and departed this life, as he besought of God, on Friday the third of the ides [the 11th] of September, in the tenth year after he became archbishop, and was buried in the church of St. Peter on the eighth day afterwards, namely, on Saturday the thirteenth of the calends of October [19th September]. The Normans, who garrisoned the forts, set fire to the adjacent houses, fearing that they might be of service to the Danes in filling up the trenches; and the flames spreading, destroyed the whole city, together with the monastery of St. Peter. But they were speedily punished for this by an infliction of the divine vengeance; for on Monday the Danish fleet arrived before the city was entirely consumed, and the forts being stormed the same day, and more than three thousand of the Normans killed (the lives of William Malet and his wife and two children, with very few others, being spared), the ships drew off laden with plunder.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1076. This year died [his father] Sweyne, King of Denmark (age 57); and Harold (age 36) his son took to the kingdom. And the king (age 48) gave the abbacy of Westminster to Abbot Vitalis, who had been Abbot of Bernay.
On 28th April 1076 [his father] King Sweyn II of Denmark (age 57) died. His son Harald (age 36) succeeded III King of Denmark.
In 1080 [his brother] King Canute "The Holy" IV of Denmark (age 38) and [his sister-in-law] Adela Flanders Queen Consort Denmark (age 16) were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of Robert "The Frisian" I Count Flanders (age 47) and Gertrude Billung Countess Holland (age 50). He the son of [his father] King Sweyn II of Denmark.
On 17th April 1080 King Harald III of Denmark (age 40) died. [his brother] King Canute "The Holy" IV of Denmark (age 38) was appointed IV King of Denmark.
Great x 1 Grandfather: Thorgil "Sprakling aka Strut Leg" Estrigen
GrandFather: Ulf Estrigen
Father: King Sweyn II of Denmark
Great x 1 Grandfather: Sweyn "Forkbeard" King of Denmark, Norway and England
GrandMother: Estrid Svendsdatter Knytlinga