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Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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Paternal Family Tree: Stewart
In March 1734 [his father] Augustus Fitzroy (age 17) and [his mother] Elizabeth Cosby (age 13) were married. He the son of [his grandfather] Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 50) and [his grandmother] Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton.
On 28th September 1735 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton was born to [his father] Augustus Fitzroy (age 18) and [his mother] Elizabeth Cosby (age 14). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 24th May 1741 [his father] Augustus Fitzroy (age 24) died at Jamaica.
Around 1747 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 11) was educated at Westminster School [Map].
Around 1751 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 15) was educated at Peterhouse College, Cambridge University [Map].
On 29th January 1756 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 20) and Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 19) were married.
On 6th May 1757 [his grandfather] Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 73) died. His grandson Augustus (age 21) succeeded 3rd Duke Grafton, 3rd Earl Euston, 3rd Viscount Ipswich, 3rd Baron Sudbury, 4th Earl Arlington, 4th Viscount Thetford, 4th Baron Arlington of Arlington in Middlesex and 4th Baron Arlington of Arlington in Middlesex. [his wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 20) by marriage Duchess Grafton.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 8th May 1757 [his daughter] Georgiana Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 21) and [his wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 20). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 4th June 1778 John Smyth and had issue.
On 27th July 1758 [his brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton (age 21) and [his sister-in-law] Anne Warren Baroness Southampton (age 20) were married.
On 14th January 1760 [his son] George Henry Fitzroy 4th Duke Grafton was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 24) and [his wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 23). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 16th November 1784 his fourth cousin once removed Charlotte Maria Waldegrave, daughter of James Waldegrave 2nd Earl Waldegrave and Maria Walpole Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh, and had issue.
Around 1762 Pompeo Batoni (age 53). Portrait of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 26).
In 1764 Anne aka Nancy Parsons Viscountess Maynard (age 29) commenced an affair with Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 28). FitzRoy kept Parsons at his townhouse and took her to the opera offending society's standards.
On 14th July 1764 [his son] Charles Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 28) and [his wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 27). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married (1) 20th June 1795 Frances Mundy and had issue (2) before 9th February 1810 Frances Stewart, daughter of Robert Stewart 1st Marquess Londonderry and Frances Pratt Marchioness Londonderry, and had issue.
Around 1765. Nathaniel Dance-Holland (age 29). Portrait of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 29).
In 1768 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 32) was appointed Prime Minister.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1769 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 33) was appointed 589th Knight of the Garter by King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 30).
On 23rd March 1769 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 33) and Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32) were divorced when he discovered she was pregnant by her lover John Fitzpatrick 2nd Earl Upper Ossory (age 23) whom she subsequently married. Plans to marry his mistress Anne aka Nancy Parsons Viscountess Maynard (age 34), if they existed, were undermined by the discovery he discovered she was having an affair with John Frederick Sackville 3rd Duke Dorset (age 23).
After 23rd March 1769 John Fitzpatrick 2nd Earl Upper Ossory (age 23) and [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32) were married. She by marriage Countess Upper Ossory. He the son of John Fitzpatrick 1st Earl Upper Ossory and Evelyn Leveson-Gower Countess Upper Ossory.
On 24th June 1769, three months after his divorce from his first wife Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32), Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 33) and Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 23) were married. She by marriage Duchess Grafton. They were sixth cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 9th April 1770 [his son] Henry Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 34) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 24). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. He married 10th September 1800 Caroline Pigot and had issue.
On 16th September 1774 [his son] Frederick Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 38) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 28). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 4th June 1778 [his son-in-law] John Smyth (age 30) and [his daughter] Georgiana Fitzroy (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 42) and [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 41).
In 1779 [his daughter] Augusta Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 43) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 33). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 1st June 1780 [his daughter] Frances Fitzroy Baroness Churchill Wychwood was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 44) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 34). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 25th November 1800 her second cousin Francis Almeric Spencer 1st Baron Churchill, son of George Spencer 4th Duke of Marlborough and Caroline Russell Duchess of Marlborough, and had issue.
On 17th October 1780 [his brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton (age 43) was created 1st Baron Southampton. [his sister-in-law] Anne Warren Baroness Southampton (age 42) by marriage Baroness Southampton.
On 1st June 1782 [his son] William Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 46) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 36). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 16th November 1784 [his son] George Henry Fitzroy 4th Duke Grafton (age 24) and [his daughter-in-law] Charlotte Maria Waldegrave (age 23) were married at Navestock, Essex. She the daughter of James Waldegrave 2nd Earl Waldegrave and Maria Walpole Duchess Gloucester and Edinburgh (age 48). He the son of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 49) and [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 47). They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 24th September 1785 [his son] John Edward Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 49) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 39). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
After 24th September 1785 [his daughter] Charlotte Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 49) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 39). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
After 24th September 1785 [his daughter] Elizabeth Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 49) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 39). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 4th July 1811 her first cousin William Fitzroy, son of Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton and Anne Warren Baroness Southampton.
On 21st December 1788 [his mother] Elizabeth Cosby (age 67) died.
On 20th June 1795 [his son] Charles Fitzroy (age 30) and [his daughter-in-law] Frances Mundy were married. He the son of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 59) and [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 58).
On 21st March 1797 [his brother] Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton (age 59) died at his home on Stanhope Street. His son [his nephew] George (age 35) succeeded 2nd Baron Southampton.
On 10th January 1799 [his daughter] Georgiana Fitzroy (age 41) died.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 10th September 1800 [his son] Henry Fitzroy (age 30) and [his daughter-in-law] Caroline Pigot (age 25) were married. He the son of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 64) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 54).
On 25th November 1800 [his son-in-law] Francis Almeric Spencer 1st Baron Churchill (age 20) and [his daughter] Frances Fitzroy Baroness Churchill Wychwood (age 20) were married. She the daughter of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 65) and [his wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 55). He the son of George Spencer 4th Duke of Marlborough (age 61) and Caroline Russell Duchess of Marlborough (age 57). They were second cousins. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1804 [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 67) died at Grosvenor Square, Belgravia.
Before 9th February 1810 [his son] Charles Fitzroy (age 45) and [his daughter-in-law] Frances Stewart (age 32) were married. She the daughter of Robert Stewart 1st Marquess Londonderry (age 70) and Frances Pratt Marchioness Londonderry (age 59). He the son of Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 74) and [his former wife] Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton.
On 14th March 1811 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 75) died. His son George (age 51) succeeded 4th Duke Grafton, 4th Earl Euston, 4th Viscount Ipswich, 4th Baron Sudbury, 5th Earl Arlington, 5th Viscount Thetford, 5th Baron Arlington of Arlington in Middlesex and 5th Baron Arlington of Arlington in Middlesex.
On 25th May 1822 [his former wife] Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton (age 76) died.
[his daughter] Isabella Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton and Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
[his daughter] Elizabeth Fitzroy was born to Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton and Elizabeth Wrottesley Duchess Grafton. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 4th July 1811 her first cousin Lieutenant-General William Fitzroy, son of Charles Fitzroy 1st Baron Southampton and Anne Warren Baroness Southampton.
Kings Wessex: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 18 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 24 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 19 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 4 Grand Son of Henry IV King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 25 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland 
Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 
12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Villiers 
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Villiers 2nd Viscount Grandison 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Barbara St John 
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Paul Bayning 1st Viscount Bayning 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Bayning Countess Anglesey 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Glemham Viscountess Bayning 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
GrandFather: Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton 
Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Bennet
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Bennet 1st Earl Arlington 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Crofts 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Dorothy Crofts 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Shirley 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Prince Maurice I of Orange 12 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Louis Nassau Beverweert 13 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaretha van Mechelen
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elisabeth Nassau Beverweert Countess Arlington 14 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Father: Augustus Fitzroy Great Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Somerset 1st Marquess Worcester 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Somerset 2nd Marquess Worcester 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Russell Countess Worcester 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry Somerset 1st Duke Beaufort 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Dormer 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Dormer 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Molyneux 
10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Somerset Marquess Worcester 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Capell 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Arthur Capell 1st Baron Capell Hadham 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Theodosia Montagu 
9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Capell Duchess Beaufort 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Morrison 1st Baronet 
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Morrison Baroness Capell Hadham 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Hicks Lady Cooper and Morrison
GrandMother: Henrietta Somerset Duchess Grafton 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Child
Great x 2 Grandfather: Josiah Child
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Roycroft
Great x 1 Grandmother: Rebecca Child Marchioness Worcester
Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton 2 x Great Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
GrandFather: Colonel William Cosby
Mother: Elizabeth Cosby