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Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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Paternal Family Tree: Stewart
Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans was appointed Gentlemen of the Bedchamber.
On 17th April 1694 [his father] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans (age 23) and [his mother] Diana Vere Duchess St Albans (age 15) were married. She by marriage Duchess St Albans. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Aubrey de Vere 20th Earl of Oxford (age 67) and [his grandmother] Diana Kirke Countess of Oxford. He the illegitmate son of [his grandfather] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and [his grandmother] Nell Gwyn.
On 6th April 1696 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans was born to [his father] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans (age 25) and [his mother] Diana Vere Duchess St Albans (age 17). He a grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1706 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 9) educated at Eton College [Map].
On 24th April 1714 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 18) was educated at New College, Oxford University.
In 1718 [his father] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans (age 47) was appointed 531st Knight of the Garter by King George I (age 57).
On 26th February 1718 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 21) was elected MP Bodmin.
In 1722 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 25) was elected MP Windsor.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 13th December 1722 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 26) and Lucy Werden Duchess St Albans (age 23) were married. He the son of Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans (age 52) and Diana Vere Duchess St Albans (age 43).
In 1726 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 29) was appointed Master of the Hawks.
On 10th May 1726 [his father] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans (age 56) died at Bath, Somerset [Map]. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son Charles (age 30) succeeded 2nd Duke St Albans, 2nd Earl Burford, 2nd Baron Heddington. [his wife] Lucy Werden Duchess St Albans (age 27) by marriage Duchess St Albans.
In 1727 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 30) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire.
In 1727 [his illegitimate daughter] Diane Beauclerk Lennox was born illegitimately to Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 30) and Renee Lennox (age 18). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.14%.
In 1730 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 33) was appointed Constable of Windsor Castle and Warden of the Windsor Forest.
On 25th June 1730 [his son] George Beauclerk 3rd Duke St Albans was born to Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 34) and [his wife] Lucy Werden Duchess St Albans (age 31). He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 13th April 1736 [his brother] Vere Beauclerk 1st Baron de Vere (age 36) and [his sister-in-law] Mary Chambers Baroness Spencer (age 22) were married. She by marriage Baroness Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex. He the son of [his father] Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans and [his mother] Diana Vere Duchess St Albans (age 57).
Before 12th January 1737 [his brother] Vere Beauclerk 1st Baron de Vere (age 37) was created 1st Baron Vere of Hanworth in Middlesex.
In 1741 King George II of Great Britain and Ireland (age 57) created new Garter Knights as follows:
554th Frederick Hesse-Kassel (age 20). Probably as a consequence of his having married the daughter of King George II.
555th Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 44),
556th Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough (age 34),
557th Evelyn Pierrepont 2nd Duke Kingston upon Hull (age 30),
558th William Bentinck 2nd Duke Portland (age 31),
559th Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III (age 41).
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On 15th January 1742 [his mother] Diana Vere Duchess St Albans (age 63) died.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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Around 1746 [his daughter] Diana Beauclerk was born to Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 49) and [his wife] Lucy Werden Duchess St Albans (age 47). She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She married 2nd February 1761 Bishop Shute Barrington, son of John Shute aka Barrington 1st Viscount Barrington and Anne Daines Viscountess Barrington.
On 27th July 1751 Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans (age 55) died. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son George (age 21) succeeded 3rd Duke St Albans, 3rd Earl Burford, 3rd Baron Heddington.
On 1st November 1752 [his former wife] Lucy Werden Duchess St Albans (age 53) died.
[his illegitimate daughter] Suzanne Beauclerk was born illegitimately to Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans and Marie Françoise Rochefoucauld. She a great granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
Kings Wessex: Great x 19 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 16 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 22 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 17 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 18 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 15 Grand Son of Louis VII King of the Franks
Kings France: Great x 2 Grand Son of Henry IV King France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 23 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox 
Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 2 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland 
Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland 
Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christian III King of Denmark 
10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Frederick II King of Denmark 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Cosimo I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 3 Grandfather: Francesco I de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany
Great x 2 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Father: Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
GrandMother: Nell Gwyn
Charles Beauclerk 2nd Duke St Albans Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford 
5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Aubrey Vere 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh Vere 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Spring 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Spring
Great x 4 Grandmother: Dorothy Waldegrave 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert de Vere 19th Earl of Oxford 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Walsh
GrandFather: Aubrey de Vere 20th Earl of Oxford 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Beatrice Van Hemmema Countess of Oxford
Mother: Diana Vere Duchess St Albans 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: George Kirke
GrandMother: Diana Kirke Countess of Oxford