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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Biography of Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones 1840-1920

Before 21st July 1840 [her father] Reverend George Browne Macdonald (age 35) and [her mother] Hannah Jones were married.

On 21st July 1840 Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones was born to [her father] Reverend George Browne Macdonald (age 35) and [her mother] Hannah Jones at Birmingham, Warwickshire.

On 9th June 1856 [her future husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 22) and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 15) were engaged.

On 9th June 1860 Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 26) and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 19) were married at Manchester Cathedral [Map].

On 21st October 1861 [her son] Philip Burne-Jones 2nd Baronet was born to [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 28) and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 21). He was baptised at Manchester Cathedral [Map] with his godfathers, by proxy, being John Ruskin (age 42) and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (age 33). See Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones.

1863. [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 29). Portrait of his wife Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 22).

1864. [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 30). Portrait of Jane Morris nee Burden (age 24), and his sisters-in-law [her sister] Alice Macdonald (age 26), [her sister] Agnes Macdonald Lady Poynter (age 21) and [her sister] Louisa Macdonald (age 19) listening to his wife Georgiana (age 23) reading aloud.

Alice Macdonald: On 4th April 1837 she was born to Reverend George Browne Macdonald and Hannah Jones at Birmingham, Warwickshire. On 18th March 1865 John Lockwood Kipling and she were married at St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington. On 22nd November 1910 she died. She was buried at St John's Church, Tisbury.

Louisa Macdonald: In 1845 she was born to Reverend George Browne Macdonald and Hannah Jones at Birmingham, Warwickshire. In 1925 she died.

In 1864 [her son] Philip Burne-Jones 2nd Baronet (age 2) contracted scarlet fever which his mother Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 23) then contracted which bring about the premature birth of her second child who died soon afterwards.

Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans

Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.

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Around July 1866 [her daughter] Margaret Burne-Jones was born to [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 32) and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 25) at 41 Kensington Square.

1868. [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 34). "Woman's Head. Study of "Le Chant D'Amour". Probably his wife Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 27).

In 1868 [her father] Reverend George Browne Macdonald (age 63) died.

1870. Edward Poynter 1st Baronet (age 33). Portrait of Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 29).

1874. Frederick Hollyer (age 35). Photograph of the Burne-Jones and Morris families including William Morris (age 39), Jane Morris nee Burden (age 34), [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 40) and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 33).

Around 1882. Frederick Hollyer (age 43). Photograph of Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 41).

From 1883. [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 49). Portrait of his wife Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 42) and their children [her son] Philip Burne-Jones 2nd Baronet (age 21) and [her daughter] Margaret Burne-Jones (age 16).

Margaret Burne-Jones: Around July 1866 she was born to Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet and Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones at 41 Kensington Square. In 1953 she died.

1884. [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 50). "King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid". Model probably the artist's wife Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 43) or Julia Prinsep Jackson (age 37). Inspired by Tennyson's (age 74) poem The Beggar Maid. The painting was purchased Edward Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 1st Earl Wharncliffe (age 56).

Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses

Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.

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The London Gazette 26509. Whitehall, May 3, 1894

The Queen (age 74) has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, granting the dignity of a Baronet of the said United Kingdom unto [her husband] Edward Coley Burne Burne-Jones (age 60), of Rottingdean, in the county of Sussex, and of the Grange, in the parish of Fulham, in the county of London, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten. [Note. Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 53) by marriage Lady Burne-Jones of Rottingdean in Sussex and The Grange in Fulham in London]

Life of William Morris. During the last weeks he was attended, beyond his own family, by the untiring devotion of his friends. Miss Mary De Morgan (age 46) brought to this last service all the skill born of long experience, and the intelligent sympathy of an affection which Morris had for many years cordially returned. Sir [her husband] Edward (age 63) and Lady Burne Jones (age 56), Mr. Webb, and Mr. Ellis were with him almost daily. Mr. Cockerell was ceaseless in his zeal and care; and Mr, Emery Walker nursed him with the patience and tenderness of a woman. On the morning of Saturday the 3rd of October [1896], between eleven and twelve o'clock, he died quietly and without visible suffering.

On 17th June 1898 [her husband] Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet (age 64) died. His son [her son] Philip (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baronet Burne-Jones of Rottingdean in Sussex and The Grange in Fulham in London.

On 2nd February 1920 Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones (age 79) died.

Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones. Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones was written by his wife Georgiana Macdonald Lady Burne-Jones and published in 1906 by The Macmillan Company.

Edward Coley Burne-Jones 1st Baronet aged 37 from the portrait by George Frederick Watts.