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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Life and Correspondence of Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain is in Modern Era.
Meanwhile, his marriage in 1719 had produced a large family of five sons and two daughters, Philip, his eldest son, born December 9, 1720, Charles, born December 30, 1722, Joseph in 1724, John, August 27, 1728, James, March 9, 1730, Elizabeth, in August 1725 and Margaret, March 21, I7331. One other child at least died young2. The sons were all educated at Dr Newcombe's famous school at Hackney3, later, with the exception of Joseph, who at an early age entered the army, proceeding to Bene't, afterwards Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. They also had the advantage of a private tutor, Dr Samuel Salter, fellow of the same college, who had been recommended by the excellent Dr Thomas Herring, then Dean of Rochester, as a good scholar of exemplary character and Whig principles1. Both parents bestowed great attention on their children's education and Sir Philip found time to keep constantly in touch with his sons2. They, on their side, responded eagerly to the care spent upon them and at a very early age obtained a sound knowledge of the classics, of history and of philosophy, and showed a capacity for expressing ideas in good style and good English which would now-a-days appear phenomenal in schoolboys of 12 and 13.
Note 1. Collins, Peerage (1779), v. 321; G. E. C.'s Complete Peerage, under Anson.
Note 2. Pol. State, xxxvii. 421; Hist. Reg. April 7, 1729; H. n, ff. 13, m, 168.
Note 3. Duke of Grafton, Autobiography, 3 n.