The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Knight of the Bath is in England.
1465 Coronation of Elizabeth Woodville
1483 Coronation of King Richard III
1490 Arthur Tudor created Prince of Wales
1501 Marriage of Arthur Tudor and Catherine of Aragon
1504 Henry Tudor created Prince of Wales
1509 Marriage and Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
1610 Prince Henry invested as Prince of Wales and Earl Chester
On 13th October 1399 King Henry IV of England [aged 32] was crowned IV King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Archbishop Thomas Fitzalan aka Arundel [aged 46] officiated. Bishop Robert Braybrooke carried the sacraments and said mass.
The future King Henry V of England [aged 13] carried the Sword Curtana. Thomas Beauchamp 12th Earl Warwick [aged 61] and/or John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset [aged 26] carried a sword wrapped in red and bound with golden straps symbolising two-fold mercy. Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland [aged 57] carried the Lancaster Sword.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 56] carried the Steward's baton. Thomas Erpingham [aged 44] carried a Sword.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford [aged 21] was appointed Knight of the Bath. John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 10], John Arundell [aged 33] and Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick [aged 17] were knighted.
Archbishop Richard Scrope [aged 49] attended.
Before 1413 Roger Mortimer [aged 19] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Before 1417 John Cavendish [aged 42] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1461 John Stafford 1st Earl Wiltshire [aged 33] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 27th June 1461 Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 11] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Brothers Robert Markham and John Markham were appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1465 John Woodville [aged 20] was created Knight of the Bath.
In 1465 John Savage [aged 21] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 26th May 1465 John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford [aged 22] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 26th May 1465 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 28] was crowned Queen Consort England by Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 47] at Westminster Abbey [Map].
King Edward IV of England [aged 23] attended.
John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne [aged 23], Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers [aged 25], Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers [aged 12] and William Calthorpe [aged 55] were created Knight of the Bath.
Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey [aged 21] carried her train.
Richard Choke [aged 45] was created Knight of the Bath.
In 1475 Edward Hastings 2nd Baron Hastings Baron Botreaux, Hungerford and Moleyns [aged 8] was invested as Knight of the Bath.
In 1475 Edward Woodville Lord Scales [aged 19] was created Knight of the Bath.
In 1475 George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 7] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1475 George Stanley 9th Baron Strange Knockin 5th Baron Mohun Dunster [aged 15] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 18th April 1475 Ralph Neville 3rd Earl of Westmoreland [aged 19] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 18th April 1475 Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire [aged 5] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1478 Richard Neville 2nd Baron Latimer of Snape [aged 10] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1478 William Gascoigne [aged 26] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 6th July 1483 King Richard III of England [aged 30] and his wife Anne Neville [aged 27] at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Duke Gloucester, Earl Richmond forfeit merged with the Crown. Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 65] officiated. Anne Neville Queen Consort England by marriage Queen Consort England.
John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 58] was appointed Lord High Steward. William Brandon [aged 58], Thomas Fitzalan 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel [aged 33], Thomas St Leger [aged 43], Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby [aged 50], Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 46], Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk [aged 39], Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney [aged 32] and Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland [aged 59] attended.
Robert Dymoke [aged 22] attended as the Kings' Champion.
Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent [aged 66] carried The Pointed Sword of Justice. Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 40] carried the Crown. Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell [aged 27] carried the Third Sword of State. John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk [aged 40] carried the Sceptre. John de la Pole Earl Lincoln 1st [aged 21] carried the Cross and Ball. Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham [aged 28] carried the king's train. Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire [aged 13] bore the Queen's Crown.
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby [aged 48] carried the Lord High Constable's Mace. Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond [aged 40] held Queen Anne's train. Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland [aged 34] carried The Blunt Sword of Mercy. Christopher Willoughby 10th Baron Willoughby [aged 30] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland attended.
Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York [aged 68] refused to attend the Coronation of King Richard III. History doesn't record her reason.
On 28th October 1485 Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford [aged 53] was created 1st Duke Bedford by Henry VII [aged 28] for having supported Henry's claim to the throne. Catherine Woodville Duchess Buckingham and Bedford [aged 27] by marriage Duchess Bedford.
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Derby.
Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Devon. It is believed he was restored as 11th Baron Okehampton at the same time?
Reginald Bray [aged 45], John Fitzwalter, Thomas Cokesge, Roger Lewknor, Henry Haydon and John Verney were appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 29th November 1489 Prince Arthur Tudor [aged 3] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 27th February 1490 Prince Arthur Tudor [aged 3] was created Prince of Wales at Westminster Palace [Map].
Thomas West 8th Baron De La Warr 5th Baron West [aged 33] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1494 Thomas Fiennes 8th Baron Dacre Gilsland [aged 22] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1494 Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset [aged 16] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In November 1501 George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 14] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 14th November 1501 Arthur Prince of Wales [aged 15] and Catherine of Aragon [aged 15] were married at St Paul's Cathedral [Map] by Archbishop Henry Deane assisted by William Warham Bishop of London [aged 51] and a further eighteen bishops. She wore a white satin dress with a farthingale and over her head wore a veil of fine silk trimmed with gold and pearls. She would, eight years later, marry his younger brother King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 10] - see Marriage and Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. She the daughter of Ferdinand II King Aragon [aged 49] and Isabella Queen Castile [aged 50]. He the son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 44] and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England [aged 35]. They were half third cousin once removed. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Prince Henry who escorted her up the aisle and gave her away.
Cecily York Viscountess Welles [aged 32] bore the train, Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset [aged 24] was Chief Answerer.
Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 18] and Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham [aged 23] attended.
Thomas Englefield was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Immediately after their marriage Arthur Prince of Wales and Catherine of Aragon resided at Tickenhill Manor, Bewdley [Map] for a month. Thereafter they travelled to Ludlow, Shropshire [Map].
On 18th February 1504 Henry VIII [aged 12] was created Prince of Wales and 1st Earl Chester. John Mordaunt 1st Baron Mordaunt [aged 24] was created Knight of the Bath. Richard Empson [aged 54] was knighted.
On 23rd June 1509 King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 17] created Knights of the Bath..
Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 26]
Henry Scrope 7th Baron Scrope of Bolton [aged 27]
George Fitzhugh 7th Baron Fitzhugh [aged 23]
William Blount 4th Baron Mountjoy [aged 31]
Henry Daubeney 1st Earl Bridgewater [aged 15]
Thomas Brooke 8th Baron Cobham [aged 39]
Henry Clifford 1st Earl of Cumberland [aged 16]
Maurice Berkeley 4th Baron Berkeley [aged 42]
Thomas Knyvet [aged 24]
Andrew Windsor 1st Baron Windsor [aged 42]
Thomas Parr [aged 26]
Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 32]
Richard Wentworth 5th Baron Despencer [aged 29]
Henry Ughtred 6th Baron Ughtred
Francis Cheney [aged 28]
Henry Wyatt [aged 49]
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 22]
Sir Thomas Metham of Metham, Yorkshire
Sir Thomas Bedingfield
John Shelton [aged 32]
Either Giles Alington [aged 26] or his son Giles Alington [aged 10].
Sir John Trevanion
Sir William Crowmer
Sir John Heydon of Baconsthorpe in Norfolk
Henry Sacheverell [aged 34].
On 24th June 1509 Henry VIII [aged 17] was crowned VIII King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map]. Catherine of Aragon [aged 23] was crowned Queen Consort England.
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham [aged 31], Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 32] and Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 66] attended. Henry Clifford 1st Earl of Cumberland [aged 16] was knighted. Robert Dymoke [aged 48] attended as the Kings's Champion. Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 26] was created Knight of the Bath and served as Lord Sewer.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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In 1533 Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 16] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 22nd February 1547 Thomas Fitzherbert [aged 33] was knighted. Anthony Cooke [aged 43] was created Knight of the Bath.
On 29th September 1553 Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon [aged 26] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1603 Arthur Hopton of Witham Friary [aged 58] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 5th January 1605 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 4] was created 1st Duke York and Knight of the Bath by his father King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [aged 38]
Francis Manners 6th Earl of Rutland [aged 27] and Thomas Somerset 1st Viscount Somerset [aged 26] was @@appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1610 Robert Sidney 2nd Earl of Leicester [aged 14] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1610 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne [aged 17] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 1st June 1610 Prince Frederick [aged 16] was created Prince of Wales and 1st Earl Chester. Peregrine Bertie [aged 26] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 3rd June 1610 Oliver St John 1st Earl Bolingbroke [aged 30] was created Knight of the Bath.
In 1616 Henry Carey 2nd Earl Monmouth [aged 19] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 3rd November 1616 Spencer Compton 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 15] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 4th November 1616 King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 15] was created Prince of Wales. Robert Radclyffe 5th Earl of Sussex [aged 43] carried the Purple Ermined Robe.
James Wriothesley [aged 11], brothers Robert Howard [aged 32] and William Howard, George Berkeley 8th Baron Berkeley [aged 15], Henry Carey 1st Viscount Falkland [aged 41] and John Cavendish were appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1626 John Jennings was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1661 Henry Belasyse [aged 22] was created Knight of the Bath.
Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'
This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.
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In April 1661 John Vaughan 3rd Earl Carbery [aged 21] was invested as Knight of the Bath.
On 23rd April 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 30] was crowned II King England Scotland and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].
John Bennet 1st Baron Ossulston [aged 44], Francis Fane [aged 23] and Edward Hungerford [aged 28] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Francis Godolphin [aged 55] was knighted.
Josceline Percy 11th Earl of Northumberland [aged 16] attended.
James Howard 3rd Earl Suffolk [aged 42] was appointed Earl Marshal.
On 23rd April 1661 John Monson [aged 35] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 23rd April 1661 Henry Capell 1st Baron Capell Tewkesbury [aged 23] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
In 1725 Michael Newton 4th Baronet [aged 30] was created Knight of the Bath.
On 26th October 1768 Horace Mann 1st Baronet [aged 62] was created a Knight of the Bath.
John Norreys was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl March 7th Earl of Ulster was appointed Knight of the Bath.
Charles Somerset was appointed Knight of the Bath.