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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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Around 1270 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle was born.
In 1311 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 41) was appointed High Sheriff of Cumberland.
On 25th February 1323 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 53) was arrested at Carlisle Castle [Map] by Anthony Lucy 1st Baron Lucy (age 40).
On 3rd March 1323 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 53) was arraigned before a royal justice in Carlisle. He was hanged, drawn and quartered at Carlisle, Cumberland [Map] for having negotiated a truce with the Scots without the King's sanction. It recognised Scotland as an independent kingdom. King Edward considered the treaty to be an act treason. Earl Carlisle forfeit. After his death, his head was taken to the king at Knaresborough in Yorkshire, before it was hung up on London Bridge. The four parts of his body were dispersed around the country, and displayed in Carlisle, Newcastle, Bristol, and Dover. Less than three months after Harclay's execution, King Edward agreed on a thirteen-year truce with Scotland.
Heraldry in England. But Heraldry not only formed a convenient mode of bestowing eagerly-sought rewards for meritorious services, but occasionally a terribly severe means of chastising those who failed to uphold the honour and dignity of distinctions already conferred. Take, for instance, the following:
"Andrew de Harcla (age 52), a knight, and Earl of Carlisle, was in this sort degraded. He, being apprehended, was by the King's commandment brought [on 3rd March 1322] before Sir Antony Lucy (age 39), apparelled in all the robes of his estate as an earl and a knight, and so led unto the place of judgment. Being thither come, Sir Antony Lucy said to him these words, 'First, thou shalt lose the order of knighthood, by which thou hadst all thy honour ; and further, all worship upon thy body be brought to nought.' Those words being pronounced, Sir Antony Lucy commanded a knave to hew the knight's spurs from his heels, and after caused his sword to be broken over his head. That done, he was despoiled of his furred tabard, of his hood, of his furred coats, and of his girdle. Then Sir Antony said to him these words, 'Andrew, now thou art no knight, but a knave, and for thy treason the king doth will thou shalt be hanged.'"
Sempringham Continuation. And the same year, in the month of February, sir Andrew (age 53) rebelled against the king; but in the beginning of the March next following the said sir Andrew was taken by sir Anthony de Lucy in the castle of Carlisle, and by the commandment of the king he was drawn, hanged, beheaded, and quartered1, and the quarters were hung in different places in England.
Note 1. Andrew Harclay was executed on 3rd March 1323.
Collectanea by John Leland [1502-1552]. Straite apon this was Syr Andrew Erle of Cairluel attayntid for Conspiracy with James Duglas the Scotte, whereby the Englisch men for lak of Harkeley ready help, wer vanquisshid yn Batel at the Abbay of Beighlande, and jugid be fore Syr Arcelyne Lufcy, the Kinges Commissioner, to be hangid, drawen, and quarterid at Cairluel, as Thomas of Lancastre prophetied of hym. And this was doone the laste day of Octobre yn the Yere a 1322. and this Day the Sunne chaungid in the Morning to blody Color, and so endurid to a xi of the Clok.
On 16th March 1322 the rebel army led by Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln (age 44) attempted to cross the bridge over the River Ure (between Ripon and York) at Boroughbridge Bridge [Map]. Their path was blocked by forces loyal to the King led by Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 52). Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere (age 46), Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 34), John Botetort 1st Baron Botetort (age 57) and John Maltravers 1st Baron Maltravers (age 32) fought for the rebels. Roger Clifford 2nd Baron Clifford (age 22), Nicholas Longford (age 37), Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln, John Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray (age 35) were captured.
Warin Lisle (age 51) was hanged after the battle at Pontefract [Map].
Following the battle Hugh Audley 1st Earl Gloucester (age 31) and his wife Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester were both imprisoned. He in Nottingham Castle [Map] and she in Sempringham Priory [Map].
John Clinton 2nd Baron Clinton (age 22), Ralph Greystoke 1st Baron Greystoke (age 22), William Latimer 2nd Baron Latimer of Corby (age 46), Robert Lisle 1st Baron Lisle (age 34), Domhnall Mar II Earl of Mar (age 29) and Peter Saltmarsh (age 42) fought for the King.
Adam Everingham 1st Baron Everingham of Laxton (age 43) was captured.
Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex (age 46) was killed. His son John (age 15) succeeded 5th Earl Hereford, 4th Earl Essex.
Piers Grandison 2nd Baron Grandison (age 31) fough for the rebels, and was captured.
Hugh Audley 1st Baron Audley of Stratton Audley (age 55) surrendered before the battle and was imprisoned in Wallingford Castle [Map] for the rest of his life
John Giffard 2nd Baron Giffard Brimpsfield (age 34) was captured.
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March was imprisoned at Tower of London [Map].
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On 25th March 1322 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle (age 52) was created 1st Earl Carlisle in reward for his capture of Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln (deceased) at the Battle of Boroughbridge.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1328 the remains of Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle were returned for a Christian burial on the petition of his sister.