Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Paternal Family Tree: Vesci
Maternal Family Tree: Beatrice of Albon Duchess Burgundy 1161-1228
Before 1251 [his father] Edmund Lacy 8th Baron Pontefract, 9th Baron Halton [aged 20] and [his mother] Alice Saluzzo Baroness Lacy [aged 14] were married. She by marriage Baroness Pontefract. He the son of [his grandfather] John Lacy Earl Lincoln and [his grandmother] Margaret Quincy 3rd Countess Lincoln and Pembroke [aged 44]. They were sixth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England.
Around 1251 Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury was born to [his father] Edmund Lacy 8th Baron Pontefract, 9th Baron Halton [aged 21] and [his mother] Alice Saluzzo Baroness Lacy [aged 15].
In 1258 [his father] Edmund Lacy 8th Baron Pontefract, 9th Baron Halton [aged 28] died. His son Henry [aged 7] succeeded 9th Baron Pontefract, 10th Baron Halton.
On 24th August 1261 Ela of Salisbury 3rd Countess of Salisbury [aged 74] died. She was buried in Lacock Abbey [Map]. Her inscription reads... Below lie buried the bones of the venerable Ela, who gave this sacred house as a home for the nuns. She also had lived here as holy abbess and Countess of Salisbury, full of good works. Her great granddaughter [his future wife] Margaret succeeded 4th Countess Salisbury.
In March 1266 [his grandmother] Margaret Quincy 3rd Countess Lincoln and Pembroke [aged 60] died. Her grandson Henry [aged 15] succeeded 4th Earl Lincoln.
Before 1271 Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 19] and Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln were married. She by marriage Countess Lincoln. He by marriage Earl Salisbury. They were fifth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
Around 1271 [his son] Edmund de Lacy was born to Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 20] and [his wife] Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. He died aged eleven in 1282.
On 25th December 1281 [his daughter] Alice Lacy Countess Leicester, and Lancaster 5th Countess of Salisbury 5th Countess Lincoln was born to Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 30] and [his wife] Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln at Denbigh Castle. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England. She married (1) 1294 her half second cousin twice removed Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln, son of Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster and Blanche Capet Queen Navarre (2) 1324 her second cousin twice removed Eubulus Strange, son of Roger Strange 5th Baron Strange Knockin and Aline Fitzalan Baroness Strange Knockin (3) 1336 Hugh de Freyne Earl of Lincoln and Salisbury.
After 25th December 1281 Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 30] and Joan Fitzmartin Countess Lincoln were married. She by marriage Countess Lincoln.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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After 1282 [his son] Edmund de Lacy [deceased] drowned in the Well [Map] at Denbigh Castle. The date based on his father havbing been granted the Lordship of Denbigh in 1282.
In 1294 [his son-in-law] Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [aged 16] and Alice Lacy Countess Leicester, and Lancaster 5th Countess of Salisbury 5th Countess Lincoln [aged 12] were married. She the daughter of Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 43] and Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln. He the son of Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster [aged 48] and Blanche Capet Queen Navarre [aged 46]. They were half second cousin twice removed. He a grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.
On 22nd July 1298 King Edward I of England [aged 59] defeated the Scottish army led by William Wallace during the 22nd July 1298 Battle of Falkirk at Falkirk [Map] using archers to firstly attack the Scottish shiltrons with the heavy cavalry with infantry completing the defeat.
John de Graham [aged 31] and John Stewart of Bonkyll [aged 52] were killed.
The English were described in the Falkirk Roll that lists 111 men with their armorials including:
Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick [aged 26].
Walter Beauchamp [aged 55].
Roger Bigod 5th Earl Norfolk [aged 53].
Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex [aged 49].
Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford [aged 24].
Hugh "Elder" Despencer 1st Earl Winchester [aged 37].
William Ferrers 1st Baron Ferrers of Groby [aged 26].
Thomas Berkeley 6th and 1st Baron Berkeley [aged 52].
Maurice Berkeley 7th and 2nd Baron Berkeley [aged 27].
Henry Grey 1st Baron Grey of Codnor [aged 43].
Reginald Grey 1st Baron Grey of Wilton [aged 58].
John Grey 2nd Baron Grey of Wilton [aged 30].
John Mohun 1st Baron Dunster [aged 29].
Simon Montagu 1st Baron Montagu [aged 48].
William Ros 1st Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 43].
John Segrave 2nd Baron Segrave [aged 42].
Nicholas Segrave [aged 42].
Robert de Vere 6th Earl of Oxford [aged 41].
Alan Zouche 1st Baron Zouche Ashby [aged 30].
[his son-in-law] Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [aged 20].
Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster [aged 17].
John Warenne 6th Earl of Surrey [aged 67].
Henry Percy 9th and 1st Baron Percy [aged 25].
Hugh Courtenay 1st or 9th Earl Devon [aged 21].
Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel [aged 31].
Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan [aged 19].
John II Duke Brittany [aged 59].
Philip Darcy [aged 40].
Robert Fitzroger.
Robert Fitzwalter 1st Baron Fitzwalter [aged 51], or possiby a Roger Fitzwalter?.
Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 23].
John Wake 1st Baron Wake of Liddell [aged 30], and.
Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 47].
William Scrope [aged 53] was knighted.
John Moels 1st Baron Moels [aged 29] fought.
John Lovell 1st Baron Lovel [aged 44] fought.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. That same year [1303] our king took seisin of all Gascony, and held it in his own name. He appointed the Earl of Lincoln [aged 52] to act there in his name, and the earl remained there for a full year, taking in the king's name the oaths of fealty and homages that were due from each. Then he returned to the king, whom he found at that time in Scotland.
Eodem anno seisitus est rex noster in tota Gascony to Wasconia, et habuit ibi suo nomine comitem Lincolniæ, qui moratus est ibidem per annum continuum, cepitque ex nomine regis fidelitates et homagia singulorum quæ debebantur; et reversus est ad regem, quem tunc invenit in Scotia.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke. In this year,1 after peace was restored between the Kings of England and France, Gascony was returned to the English, having been unjustly occupied by the French for a long time.
Hoc anno, inter reges Anglie et Francie pace reformata, reddita est Anglicis Vasconia, que diucius iniuste extitit a Gallis ocupata.
Note 1. Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 52] announced that he had received restitution of the duchy of Aquitaine on 20th May 1303.
On 31st January 1308 King Edward II of England [aged 23] and a group of England's leading nobles signed the Boulogne Agreement that attempted to curtail King Edward's rule. The signatories included Antony Bek, Bishop of Durham and Patriarch of Jerusalem [aged 63], John Warenne 7th Earl of Surrey [aged 21], Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 33], Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 57] and Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick [aged 36].
In 1310 [his wife] Margaret Longespée 4th Countess of Salisbury and Lincoln died.
Close Rolls Edward II 1307-1313. On 16th January 1310 King Edward II of England [aged 25]. Stamford [Map]. To the Sheriff of York. Order to proclaim that the king does not intend to change the money current in the Kingdom in the late King's time, as had been rumoured, and to forbid anyone from thinking little of it, whereby victuals and other necessaries may be sold more dearly.
The like to all the Sheriffs of England [Ibid].
Enrolment of deed of Peter de Gavaston [aged 26], knight, surrendering to the king the castle, manor, and honour of Knaresborough [Map], with the free chase of Knaresborough, and the manors of Routheclyve and Auldburgh, lately granted to him by the King for his lifetime. Witnesses: Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford [aged 18], Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 59], John Warenne 7th Earl of Surrey [aged 23], John de Brittania, Earl of Richmond, Hugh "Elder" Despencer 1st Earl Winchester [aged 48], Henry Percy 9th and 1st Baron Percy [aged 36], Robert son of Walter, Robert son of Payn, William de Burford, William Inge. Dated at Stamford [Map] July 26, 3 Edward II.
Enrolment of like surrender by the said Peter of the county of Gaure and the castles of Talanon, Tantalon, and Mauleon, the provostships (preposituras) and Camparian(um) called 'la Cointal' and of the city of Bayonne, the manor of Erebafaveyra, Born, Comtad, Salmun, Dagenes, and the island of Oleron, and the lands of Marempne and of Lancras in Saintogne, and all rights, appurtenances, etc., etc., thereto pertaining to the king, which the king lately granted him for life. Witnesses as above. Dated August 4, 3 Edward II.
Memorandum, that this deed was delivered to the king in his chamber in the House of the Friars Preachers, Stamford [Map] at Stamford, by the hands of the said Peter and the king delivered the said deed to J his chancellor, to be enrolled in the chancery, and it was afterwards delivered to Ingelard de Warle, keeper of the King's Wardrobe to be kept in the king's wardrobe, but the king's charters that the said Peter hereof were not then restored.[CONTINUES].
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. In the same year [1311], Henry, Earl of Lincoln [aged 60], died. His sole daughter1, whom the Earl of Lancaster had taken as his wife, succeeded him; and thus there came to Lancaster the addition of two counties together with the honour of Pontefract. From that time he became the richest earl, possessing in full five counties2.
Eodem anno obiit comes Lincolniensis Henricus, cui successit filia sua unica, quam comes de Lancestria duxerat in uxorem, et sic accreverunt ei duo comitatus cum honore de Pontefracto; factusque est extunc comes ditissimus, habens integros quinque comitatus.
Note 1. This lady was Alice de Lacy [aged 29], who married Thomas Plantagenet [aged 33], Earl of Lancaster, in 1294, and, after his decease, married Eubold le Strange.
Note 2. These were the earldoms of Lancaster, Chester, Leicester, Lincoln, and Salisbury.
In February 1311 Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury [aged 60] died at Lincoln's Inn. His daughter Alice [aged 29] succeeded 5th Countess Salisbury, 5th Countess Lincoln, 10th Baroness Pontefract, 11th Baroness Halton. Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [aged 33] by marriage Earl Salisbury, Earl Lincoln.
Around 19th March 1311 the nobility attempt to constrain King Edward II of England [aged 26] by imposing a Council of Ordainers upon him. The Council included twenty-one signatories including:
Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick [aged 39].
Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford [aged 36].
[his son-in-law] Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [aged 33].
Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford [aged 19].
Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury.
John Capet 4th Earl Richmond [aged 45].
William Marshal 1st Baron Marshal [aged 33], and.
Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 36].
On 3rd November 1311 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 27] exiled by "The New Ordinances", a series of regulations imposed upon King Edward II by the peerage and clergy of the Kingdom of England to restrict the power of the English monarch. The twenty-one signatories, consisting of eight earls, seven bishops and six barons, of the Ordinances are referred to as the Lords Ordainers:
Earls:
John Capet 4th Earl Richmond [aged 45]
Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury
Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick [aged 39]
Gilbert de Clare 8th Earl Gloucester 7th Earl Hertford [aged 20]
Aymer de Valence 2nd Earl Pembroke [aged 36]
Bishops:
Archbishop Robert Winchelsey [aged 66]
Barons:
Hugh de Vere 1st Baron Vere [aged 54]
Hugh Courtenay, Baron of Okehampton [aged 35].
William Marshal 1st Baron Marshal [aged 34]
Robert Clifford 1st Baron Clifford [aged 37]
Article 20 describes at length the offences committed by Gaveston; he was once more condemned to exile and was to abjure the realm by 1 November.
In 1312 Nicholas Audley 1st Baron Audley of Heighley [aged 22] and [his former wife] Joan Fitzmartin Countess Lincoln were married.
In 1322 [his former wife] Joan Fitzmartin Countess Lincoln died.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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Archaeologia Cambrensis 1855 Page 185-228. Henri de Lacy, Counte de Nicole, Conestable de Cestre, Seignur de Roos et de Rowynioke, A toux ceux qui cest escrit verrount ou orront, salutz. Sachiez nous avoir done et graunte, et par ceste notre presente chartre conferme, a Williame du Pountfreit deux burgages en la ville de Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et deux curtilages en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et deux bovees de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Adam de Swynemore un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et un bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Astret Canon. A Richard de Sheresworthe un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Williame Pedeleure un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Adam del Banke deux burgages en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et deux curtilages en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et deux bovees de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Johan de Westmerland un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Thomas de Hultone un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A meisme celui Thomas un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Adam de Castelford deux Burgages en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et deux curtilages en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Williame le palefraymon un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Kilfur. A Pieres le fitz Robert le clerke un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Richard de Bernesleghe un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Astret Canon. A Thomas Pye un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Anable de Blakeburne un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Johan de Swynemore un burgage en Dinebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Astret canon. A Wautier le fuitz Egline un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Astret Canon. A Johan de Adelingtone un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Robert fe fitz Thomas du Pountfreit un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe od les apurtenances dehors les murs. A Williame de Stayneburne un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Alisaundre de Donecastre un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Agneyse la fille Richard de Hickelinge un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Thomas le fuitz Thomas du Pountfreit un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Johan le fuitz Roger le Qieu un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Henri le Clerke un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Lewenny. A Johan de Wilbreley un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Pieres le Taillour un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A Henri du Wyce un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Astret Canon. A Johan de Symundeston un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Wickewere. A Johan de Mostone un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A mesme celui Johan un burgage od les apurtenances en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs. A Thomas del Peke un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A Williame Baskete un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, od les apurtenaunces. A Williame le fuitz Griffri un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces dehors les murs. A Adam de Cathertone un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenances dehors les murs. A Alayn de Brereleghe un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A Johan de Rosse un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A sire Williame de la Montaigne1,persone, deux burgages en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et deux curtilages od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A meisme celui sire Williame un burgage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs. A Richard de Dokeworthe un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Astret Canon. A Robert de Ecclesale un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Astret Canon. A Raufe del Peke un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage od les apurtenaunces en Dynebieghe dehors les murs. A Richard Pygote un burgage en Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, et un curtilage en Dynebieghe dehors les murs, et une bovee de terre od les apurtenaunces en Beringe. A Robert de Chirche une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny, et a les treis fillies Eynnon de Lodelowe une bovee de terre od les apurtenances en Lewenny. A avoir et a tenir a eaux et a lour heirs, et a lour assignez Engleys demorauntz en lavauntdite ville de Dynebieghe dedenz les murs, de nous et de noz heirs par les condicions soutzescrites. Cest assavoir que chescun des avaunditz Burgeis, Williame du Pountfreit, Adam de Swynemore, Richard de Sheresworthe, Williame Pedeleure, Adam del Banke, Johan de Westmerlond, Thomas de Hultone, Adam de Castelford, Williame le Palefreimon, Pieres le fitz Robert le Clerke, Richard de Bernesleghe, Thomas Pye, Anable de Blakeburne, Johan de Swynemore, Walter le fitz Egline, Johan de Adelingtone, Robert le fuitz Thomas du Pountfreit, Williame de Stayneburne, Alisaundre de Donecastre, Agneyse la fille Richard de Hickelinge, Thomas le fitz Thomas du Pountfreit,
Continues....
The seal, now much damaged, appended by two laces of silk, one red, the other green, forming a plaited cord of four strands; the impression is on hard white wax. Obverse.—The mounted figure of Henry de Lacy, the inscription lost, but from other impressions of his seal it appears to have been,—s' henrici de Laci Comitis Lincolnie Et Constabvlar' Cestr'. On the Reverse is an impression of the secretum, on bright red wax imbedded in the white,—sigillvm secreti.
Note 1. Or Montaigue?
Kings Wessex: Great x 12 Grand Son of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons
Kings England: Great x 5 Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Kings Franks: Great x 14 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 9 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 13 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Eustace Fitzjohn 4th Baron Halton 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Richard Fitzeustace 5th Baron of Halton
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Fitznigel
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Fitzrichard 6th Baron Halton
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Lissours
Great x 3 Grandmother: Albreda Lissours
Great x 4 Grandmother: Albreda Lacy 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Roger Lacy 6th Baron Pontefract 7th Baron Halton
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ralph Essex
Great x 2 Grandmother: Alice Essex
Great x 4 Grandfather: Aubrey II de Vere 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Vere Baroness Warkworth
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelize de Clare 
GrandFather: John Lacy Earl Lincoln
Great x 1 Grandmother: Maud Clere Baroness Lacy Baroness Warkworth 
Father: Edmund Lacy 8th Baron Pontefract, 9th Baron Halton 4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Saer Quincy
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Quincy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Senlis
Great x 2 Grandfather: Saer Quincy 1st Earl Winchester
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Quincy Earl Lincoln
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Beaumont 2nd Earl of Leicester 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Beaumont 3rd Earl of Leicester
Great x 4 Grandmother: Amice Gael Countess Leicester
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Beaumont Countess Winchester
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Grandesmil
Great x 3 Grandmother: Petronilla Grandesmil Countess Leicester
GrandMother: Margaret Quincy 3rd Countess Lincoln and Pembroke 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ranulf le Meschin Gernon 3rd Earl Chester
Great x 3 Grandfather: Ranulf Gernon 4th Earl Chester
Great x 4 Grandmother: Lucy Bolingbroke Countess Chester
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh de Kevelioc Gernon 5th Earl Chester Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Normandy 1st Earl Gloucester Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Matilda Fitzrobert Countess Chester Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mabel Fitzhamon Countess Gloucester
Great x 1 Grandmother: Hawise Gernon 2nd Countess Lincoln 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Amaury Montfort Count Évreux
Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon "Chauve" Montfort 4th Count Évreux
Great x 2 Grandmother: Bertrade Montfort Countess Chester
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mathilde Unknown Countess Évreux
Henry Lacy 4th Earl Lincoln, Earl Salisbury 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
GrandFather: Manfred III Marquess Saluzzo 
Mother: Alice Saluzzo Baroness Lacy 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Amadeus Savoy III Count Savoy
Great x 3 Grandfather: Humbert Savoy III Count Savoy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mahaut Albon Countess Savoy
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Savoy I Count Savoy
Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Macon Countess Savoy
Great x 1 Grandfather: Amedeo Savoy IV Count Savoy
Great x 3 Grandfather: William I Count Geneva
Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Geneva Countess Savoy
GrandMother: Beatrice Savoy Marchioness of Saluzzo 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh II Duke Burgundy 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Odo II Duke Burgundy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Felicia Matilda Mayenne Duchess Burgundy
Great x 2 Grandfather: Hugh III Duke Burgundy 2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald Blois II Count Champagne IV Count Blois 
Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Blois Duchess Burgundy Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Matilda Carinthia Countess Champagne and Blois
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Burgundy Countess Savoy 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Guigues V Count of Albon and Grenoble
Great x 2 Grandmother: Beatrice of Albon Duchess Burgundy
