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William of Worcester's Chronicle of England

William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

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James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray 1499-1544

Paternal Family Tree: Stewart

Around 1499 James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray was born illegitimately to King James IV of Scotland [aged 25] and Janet Kennedy [aged 19].

In 1501 James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray [aged 2] was created 1st Earl Moray by his father King James IV of Scotland [aged 27].

On 8th August 1503 [his father] King James IV of Scotland [aged 30] and Margaret Tudor [aged 13] were married at Holyrood Abbey [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 60] and James Hamilton 1st Earl Arran [aged 28] were present. She the daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 46] and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England. He the son of [his grandfather] King James III of Scotland and [his grandmother] Margaret of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland. They were third cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England.

Cuthbert Cunningham 3rd Earl Glencairn [aged 27] was restored 3rd Earl Glencairn.

On 9th September 1513 at the Battle of Flodden was fought at the Branxton, Northumberland [Map]. the English army was commanded by Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 70], Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk [aged 40], Edmund Howard [aged 35], Thomas Dacre 2nd Baron Dacre Gilsland [aged 45], Edward Stanley 1st Baron Monteagle [aged 51] and Marmaduke Constable [aged 56].

The English army included: Henry "Shepherd Lord" Clifford 10th Baron Clifford [aged 59], William Conyers 1st Baron Conyers [aged 44], Thomas Berkeley 5th Baron Berkeley [aged 41] and Richard Neville 2nd Baron Latimer of Snape [aged 45].

Father and son Ralph ellerker of risby in yorkshire and Ralph Ellerker were knighted by Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey, as were Marmaduke Constable [aged 33], William Constable [aged 38], George Darcy 1st Baron Darcy Aston [aged 16], Edmund Walsingham [aged 33], Thomas Burgh 7th Baron Cobham 5th Baron Strabolgi 1st Baron Burgh [aged 25] and Walter Stonor [aged 36].

John Booth [aged 78], Randall Babington, John Bigod [aged 38] and Thomas Fitzwilliam [aged 39], Christopher Savage [aged 49], Thomas Venables [aged 44] and Brian Tunstall [aged 33] were killed.

Bryan Stapleton of Wighill [aged 55] was killed. (Some reports have him dying in 1518).

The Scottish army suffered heavy casualties:

[his father] King James IV of Scotland [aged 40] was killed. His body was taken to London, then to Sheen Priory, Richmond [Map]; thereafter it disappeared. His son [his half-brother] James [aged 1] succeeded V King Scotland.

[his illegitimate half-brother] Archbishop Alexander Stewart [aged 20] was killed.

[his uncle] David Kennedy 1st Earl Cassilis [aged 43] was killed. His son Gilbert [aged 18] succeeded 2nd Earl Cassilis. Isabel Campbell Countess Cassilis by marriage Countess Cassilis.

William Sinclair 2nd Earl Caithness [aged 54] was killed. His son John succeeded 3rd Earl Caithness.

Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl Lennox was killed. His son John [aged 23] succeeded 3rd Earl Lennox.

William Hay 4th Earl Erroll was killed. His son William [aged 18] succeeded 5th Earl Erroll.

John Douglas 2nd Earl Morton was killed. His son James succeeded 3rd Earl Morton, 6th Lord Dalkeith.

Adam Hepburn 2nd Earl Bothwell was killed. His son Patrick [aged 1] succeeded 3rd Earl Bothwell.

Alexander Stewart 4th of Garlies [aged 32] was killed. His son Alexander [aged 6] succeeded 5th Lord Garlies.

Alexander Elphinstone 1st Lord Elphinstone was killed. His son Alexander [aged 3] succeeded 2nd Lord Elphinstone.

Thomas Hay, George Hepburn Bishop Isles [aged 59], Adam Hepburn Master [aged 56], Thomas "Younger of Cushnie" Lumsden

William Douglas 6th Lord Drumlanrig was killed. William "Younger" Douglas 7th Lord Drumlanrig succeeded 7th Lord Drumlanrig.

George Seton 5th Lord Seton was killed. His son George succeeded 6th Lord Seton.

John Hay 2nd Lord Hay of Yester was killed. His son John [aged 23] succeeded 3rd Lord Hay of Yester. Elizabeth Douglas Lady Hay by marriage Lord Hay of Yester.

Henry Sinclair 3rd Lord Sinclair [aged 48] was killed. His son William succeeded 4th Lord Sinclair.

James Stewart 1st Lord of Traquair [aged 33] was killed. His son William [aged 7] succeeded 2nd Lord Traquair.

John Maxwell 4th Lord Maxwell [aged 57] was killed. His son Robert [aged 20] succeeded 5th Lord Maxwell.

George Home 4th Lord Home and John Stewart 2nd Earl Atholl [aged 38] fought.

William Graham 1st Earl Montrose [aged 49] was killed. His son William [aged 21] succeeded 2nd Earl Montrose.

Robert Erskine 4th Lord Erskine 16th Earl of Mar was killed. His son John [aged 26] de jure 17th Earl Mar, Lord Erskine.

Thomas Stewart 2nd Lord Innermeath [aged 52] was killed. His son Richard succeeded 3rd Lord Innermeath.

Robert Crichton 2nd Lord Crichton of Sanquhar [aged 41] was killed. His son Robert [aged 22] succeeded 3rd Lord Crichton of Sanquhar

Father and son William Rollo [aged 59] and Robert Rollo 5th of Duncrub [aged 34], brothers David Lyon of Cossins, William Lyon and George Lyon were killed. John Somerville 1st of Cambusnethan [aged 55], William Keith of Inverugie [aged 43], David Wemyss of Wemyss [aged 40], Robert Keith Master of Marischal [aged 30], Guiscard Harbottle [aged 28], John Erskine, David Home [aged 22], Andrew Stewart 1st Lord Avondale [aged 43], Archibald Campbell 2nd Earl Argyll [aged 64], Robert Douglas of Lochleven [aged 89] were killed. William Murray [aged 43], Colin Oliphant [aged 26], William Ruthven [aged 33], George Douglas [aged 44] and William Douglas [aged 42] were killed. Walter Lindsay of Arden and Walter Lindsay [aged 33] were killed.

In August 1529 James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray [aged 30] and Elizabeth Campbell Countess Moray and Sutherland were married. She by marriage Countess Moray. She the daughter of Colin Campbell 3rd Earl Argyll [aged 43] and Jean or Janet Gordon Countess Argyll. He the illegitmate son of King James IV of Scotland and Janet Kennedy [aged 49]. They were half second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

In 1532 James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran [aged 16] and [his illegitimate niece] Margaret Douglas Duchess Châtellerault were married. She by marriage Countess Arran. She the daughter of James Douglas 3rd Earl Morton and [his illegitimate half-sister] Catherine Stewart Countess Morton [aged 37]. He the son of James Hamilton 1st Earl Arran and Elizabeth Home Countess Arran. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 4th August 1534 Louis Valois II Duke Longueville [aged 24] and [his future sister-in-law] Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Duchess Longueville. She the daughter of Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise [aged 37] and Antoinette Bourbon Duchess of Guise [aged 41]. He the son of Louis Valois I Duke Longueville and Johanna Hochberg Duchess Longueville. They were fifth cousin once removed.

On 1st January 1537 [his half-brother] King James V of Scotland [aged 24] and [his sister-in-law] Madeleine Valois [aged 16] were married at Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She died six months later. She spent less than two months in Scotland; she was given the nickname the "Summer Queen". She the daughter of King Francis I of France [aged 42] and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France. He the son of [his father] King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland [aged 47]. They were third cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 18th June 1538 [his half-brother] King James V of Scotland [aged 26] and [his sister-in-law] Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland [aged 22] were married at St Andrew's Cathedral Priory, St Andrew's. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She the daughter of Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise [aged 41] and Antoinette Bourbon Duchess of Guise [aged 45]. He the son of [his father] King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland [aged 48]. They were third cousins. He a grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 22nd February 1540 [his sister-in-law] Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland [aged 24] was crowned Queen Consort Scotland at Holyrood House, Holyrood.

The Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland Volume 7 1538-1541 records payments associated with a gun salute and fireworks that are likely to be for the Queen's Coronation ...

Item, the vi and vij dayis of Februar, gevin to Johnne Gogar, carter, and his collegis for xvij draucht of munitioun fra Leith to the castell agane the Quenis coronatioun, price of the draucht ij S. v. jdd.; summa xlij S. v.jd.

Item, gevin to the sledderis for xvij draucht of gun chalmeris fra Leith to the castell, price of the draucht vj d.; summa. • viij S. v.j d.

Item, gevin to twa pynouris for dountaking of xxx chalmeris of the heid of Davidis towris, and carting of the samin, witht uthir chalmeris and munitioun eftir the coronatioun to be had agane to Leith, X S.

Item, gevin to the carteris for dountaking of the samin to Leith, extending to viij draucht, price of the draucht ij S. v.jd.; summa. -. XX Š.

Item, gevin to the pynouris of Leith the xvij and xviij dayis of Februar for the cariage of the munitioun quhilk Johne Bog brocht hame fra the sandis begond the bulwerk to the Kingis werk, and housing thairof in the samin, ilk man havand in the day Xviij d.; Sulin IIla,.

Item, gevin to Andro Michelsoun, Archibald Roule, and Walter Byning, payntouris, for paynting and ourlaying of the samin artalgery, to the noumer of xlix pece, witht reid leid, price of the pece ourlaying, witht thair chalmeris, slottis, and bandis v S.; summa xij li. v Š.

Item, gevin for tarring of the towis that bindis on the samin artalgery upoun the stokkis, xxxiij S. viijd.

Item, gevin for ourlaying 1 bass withf reid leid, price of the pece ourlaying iſ S. v.j d.; summa vili v Š.

Item, the xx day of Februar, gevin to four pynouris for uphaving of certane bullettis to the loft in Leith, quhar the small munitionis lyis, and for changeing of the samin munitionis and bullettis within the hous, wirkand thairon fra morn to evin, ilk man havand xviij d.; summa. vj Š.

Item, gevin to Hannis Cochrane for expens debursit be him for the making of ij pece of artalgery in complete payment of his comptis, vj ti. ij Ś. x d

Item, gevin to him to pay vij werkmennis waigis wirk and witht him be the said space, takand oulklie xlij Ś.; summa. -. viij li. viij Š.

The Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland Volume 7 1538-1541 also record payments for clothing...

The expensis debursit upoun the King and Quenis cariage the said moneth.

Item, gevin to the sacristane of the Kingis chapell for cariage of the chapell gair fra Striveling to Linlythqw at 3ule, and fra Linlithgw to Edinburgh at the Quenis coronatioun, as his byll of compt beris, v fi vj S. viij d. [And other items relating to the carriage of the wardrope, etc., amounting to £6 1S.].

The expensis debursit be speciall preceptis, and at the Kingis command, the said moneth.

Gifts of clothing were made to the following persons:-Lord Robert's minstrel, Bad man, David Kirkcaldy, groom in the kitchen; Gilzem in the King's chamber, Bessie Lundy; Wedell, footman; Christian Baxter, Lady Jane's nurse; Alexander Whitelaw; Robert Stewart, brother to the Earl of Lennox.

Item, gevin to Hanis Andersoun in Leith in part of payment of his comptis for mending of the Mare Willibe,. -... xl li.

Item, gevin to Williame Purves for dog chengeis, rache cuppelis, and mending of the knok, as his compt bers, vijfi. xiiij S.

Item, gevin to Lady Jane's servand to by him clathis, v ii.

Item, gevin to ane servand of the secretaris that he haid debursit, at the Kingis command, -... x fi.

Item, gevin to Johnne Dowglas of Authornden for certane treis tane fra him to the Kingis schippis furtht of his wod,. -. xx li.

Item, gevin to the maister cuke,. x fi,

Item, gevin to Thomas Schort, armorar, for iiij chafferonis tane fra him to the grete hors, at the Kingis com mand,. viij fi.

Item, gevin to Ormond, pursewant, and Alexander Hutoun, messinger, for passing with clos writtingis to the lordis and ladyis to come to the Quenis coronatioun the xxv day of Januar,.. iiij li. viij Š.

Item, gevin to Williame Hardy, messinger, for passing witht siclyke lettres to the Erle of Huntlie and his lady, the Erle Marschell and his lady, in the North land,. -. xxijS.

Item, gevin to Maister David Balfour and Archibald Heriot, messinger, for thair expensis passing to Dun bertane to resave sourteis and mak compositioun witht the men that wer put in the castell the tyme of the air, iij li.

Item, gevin to twa officiaris of armes that passit in Angus, the Westland, Northland, and uther partis to warne the dammes to cum to the coronatioun, iijli vj S.

Item, the vi day of Februar, gevin to Johnne Mosman to gilt the Quenis septur, iiij rois nobillis; summa x fi, xijs.

Item, deliverit to him to be the samin septur, xxx; unces half unce of silver, price of the unce xv Š. x d.; Sunnina. xxiiijti. xviij Š. ix d.

Item, for the fassoun of the samyn septur, ilk unce v Š.; summa vijli. xv Š.

Item, the xiiij day of Februar, gevin to him for ane tabulat of gold to the Kingis grace, weyand thre crounis of the Sone,. iij li. x Š.

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In 1544 James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray [aged 45] died.

On 4th May 1544, Sunday, around 10,000 English soldiers landed unopposed at Leith and Granton. The ships had been sighted the day before. Cardinal Beaton [aged 50] and Regent James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran [aged 28] left Edinburgh. The Scots, with Cardinal Beaton, George Gordon 4th Earl Huntley [aged 30] and James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray attempted unsuccessfully to prevent the English forces at Granton joining those at Leith. The English then entered Leith unopposed where they found two ships of [his half-brother] King James V of Scotland: the Salamander of Leith and the Unicorn.

Tudor Tracts Chapter 3. [4th May 1544]. And in a valley, upon the right hand, near unto the said town, the Scots were assembled to the number of 5,000 or 6,000 horsemen, besides a good number of footmen; to impeach [prevent] the passage of our said army: in which place, they had laid their artillery at two straits [passes] through which we must needs pass, if we minded to achieve our enterprise. And seeming, at the first, as though they would set upon the Vanguard: when they perceived our men so willing to encounter with them, namely, the Cardinal, who was there present, perceiving our devotion to see his holiness to be such as we were ready to wet our feet for that purpose, and to pass a ford which was between us and them; after certain shot of artillery on both sides: they made a sudden retreat; and leaving their artillery behind them, fled towards Edinburgh. The first man that fled was the holy Cardinal [Beaton] [aged 50] like a valiant champion; and with him the Governor, the Earls of Huntley [aged 30], Murray And Bothwell [aged 32], with divers other great men of the realm. At this passage, were two Englishmen hurt with the shot of their artillery; and two Scottish men slain with our artillery.

[his daughter] Mary Stewart was born to James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray. She married her third cousin once removed John Stewart, son of John Stewart 3rd Earl Buchan and Margaret Scrymgeour Countess Buchan.

Royal Ancestors of James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray 1499-1544

Kings Wessex: Great x 14 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 10 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 16 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 11 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 5 Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Son of King James IV of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 6 Grand Son of King John "The Good" II of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 19 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 11 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Ancestors of James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray 1499-1544

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Robert II of Scotland Grandson of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Robert III of Scotland son of King Robert II of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: King James I of Scotland son of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Drummond of Stobhall 11th Thane of Lennox

Great x 3 Grandmother: Annabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Margaret Montifex

Great x 1 Grandfather: King James II of Scotland son of King James I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry III of England

Grandfather: King James III of Scotland son of King James II of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Arnold Egmont

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Egmont

Great x 2 Grandfather: Arnold Egmont Duke Guelders

Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary of Guelders Queen Consort Scotland 3 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Adolph de la Marck 6 x Great Grandson of King Stephen I England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Adolph de la Marck I Duke Cleves 7 x Great Grandson of King Stephen I England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Jülich Countess Cleves and Mark 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Stephen I England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine de la Marck 2 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: John "Fearless" Valois Duke Burgundy Grandson of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Valois Duchess Cleves Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy 3 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Father: King James IV of Scotland son of King James III of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: Dietrich Count of Oldenburg

Great x 1 Grandfather: Christian I King of Denmark

Great x 2 Grandmother: Helvig of Schauenburg

Grandmother: Margaret of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 1 Grandmother: Dorothea of Brandenburg

Great x 3 Grandfather: Rudolf III Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg

Great x 2 Grandmother: Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg

James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray son of King James IV of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: James Kennedy of Dunure The Younger

Great x 1 Grandfather: Gilbert Kennedy 1st Lord Kennedy Grandson of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Robert II of Scotland Grandson of King Robert the Bruce I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Robert III of Scotland son of King Robert II of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Mure Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Stewart Countess Angus daughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Drummond of Stobhall 11th Thane of Lennox

Great x 3 Grandmother: Annabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Margaret Montifex

Grandfather: John Kennedy 2nd Lord Kennedy Great Grandson of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Maxwell of Caerlaverock

Great x 3 Grandfather: Herbert Maxwell

Great x 2 Grandfather: Herbert Maxwell 1st Lord Maxwell 10 x Great Grandson of King David I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart 1st of Dalswinton and Garlies 8 x Great Grandson of King David I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandmother: Katherine Stewart Lady Maxwell 9 x Great Granddaughter of King David I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marion Stewart 8 x Great Granddaughter of King David I of Scotland

Great x 1 Grandmother: Catherine Maxwell Lady Kennedy 11 x Great Granddaughter of King David I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Herbert Herries 3rd Lord of Terregles and Lord of Carlaverock

Great x 2 Grandmother: Janet Herries

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Douglas 1st Earl Douglas

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Lady Terregles

Mother: Janet Kennedy 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alan Wyntoun

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Seton 1st Lord Seton 7 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Seton 6 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Alexander Seton 8 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Alexander Gordon 1st Earl Huntley 9 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Adam Gordon

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Gordon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Gordon

Grandmother: Elizabeth Gordon Countess Erroll 10 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England