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Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV 1393-1406

The Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV offers a vivid contemporary account of one of the most turbulent periods in late medieval England. Covering the reigns of Richard II and Henry IV, the chronicle records royal ceremonies, political conflict, rebellion, war, taxation, religious controversy, executions, popular unrest and remarkable portents. Its pages include a detailed description of Richard II’s coronation, the fall and deposition of the king, Henry IV’s seizure of the throne, the Percy rebellion, the execution of Archbishop Richard Scrope, the campaigns of Owain Glyndŵr, and England’s relations with Scotland, France, Portugal and Scandinavia. Alongside affairs of state, the annalist preserves reports of miracles, eclipses, prophecies, supernatural events and the experiences of ordinary townspeople, clergy, soldiers and travellers. Written from a monastic perspective, the work combines political observation with moral judgement, presenting victories and disasters as evidence of divine favour or punishment. At once a historical record and a reflection of medieval belief, the Annals provides an invaluable window into the challenges, ceremonies and conflicts of England at the turn of the fifteenth century.

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Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 1557-1631

Paternal Family Tree: Mecklenburg

Maternal Family Tree: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 1557-1631

On 14th February 1556 [her father] Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin [aged 28] and [her step-mother] Elizabeth Oldenburg [aged 31] were married. She the daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and Sophie of Pomerania Queen Consort of Denmark and Sweden [aged 58]. They were half third cousin once removed.

On 4th September 1557 Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark was born to Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin [aged 30].

On 12th October 1561 William "Younger" Welf Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg [aged 26] and [her future sister-in-law] Dorothea Oldenburg Duchess Brunswick-Lüneburg [aged 15] were married. She by marriage Duchess Brunswick Lüneburg. She the daughter of Christian III King of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 50]. They were half sixth cousins.

On 19th August 1568 [her future brother-in-law] John "Younger" Oldenburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg [aged 23] and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen [aged 18] were married. He the son of Christian III King of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [aged 57]. They were sixth cousins.

On 20th July 1572 Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 38] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 14] were married. She by marriage Queen Consort Denmark. The difference in their ages was 23 years. He the son of Christian III King of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway. They were second cousin once removed.

On 25th August 1573 [her daughter] Elizabeth Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 39] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 15]. She married 19th April 1590 Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and had issue.

On 12th December 1574 [her daughter] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 40] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 17]. She married 23rd November 1589 her third cousin once removed King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland, son of Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart and Mary Queen of Scots, and had issue.

On 12th April 1577 [her son] Christian IV King of Denmark was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 42] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 19].

On 30th December 1578 [her son] Prince Ulrik Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 44] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 21].

In 1579 [her son] John August Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 44] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 21]. He died aged less than one years old.

In 1579 [her son] John August Oldenburg died.

On 5th April 1580 [her son] Augusta Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 45] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 22].

On 5th August 1581 [her son] Hedwig Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 47] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 23].

On 9th July 1583 [her son] John Oldenburg was born to [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 49] and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 25].

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Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes

Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.

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On 14th February 1588 [her brother-in-law] John "Younger" Oldenburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg [aged 42] and Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt [aged 14] were married. The difference in their ages was 27 years. He the son of Christian III King of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway.

On 4th April 1588 [her husband] Frederick II King of Denmark [aged 53] died. His son Christian [aged 10] succeeded IV King of Denmark.

On 23rd November 1589 [her son-in-law] King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [aged 23] and Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland [aged 14] were married at Bishop's Palace. She by marriage Queen Consort Scotland. She the daughter of Frederick II King of Denmark and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 32]. He the son of Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart and Mary Queen of Scots. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 19th April 1590 [her son-in-law] Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg [aged 25] and Elizabeth Oldenburg [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of Frederick II King of Denmark and Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 32].

On 5th February 1600 John Gordon 13th Earl Sutherland [aged 24] and Agnes Elphinstone were married. The marriage was celebrated ovre two days at his lodgings Royal Mint aka Cunyiehous. [her son-in-law] King James VI of Scotland [aged 33] and [her daughter] Queen Anne of Denmark [aged 25] were house guests. As wedding gifts, James VI gave Agnes and Jean Elphinstone suites of gold and pearl accessories comprising, a necklace, a belt, and back and fore "garnishings" for their hair, which cost £1,333-6s-8d Scots. He the son of Alexander Gordon 12th Earl Sutherland. They were fourth cousin once removed.

On 28th October 1602 [her son] John Oldenburg [aged 19] died.

On 14th March 1603 [her father] Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin [aged 76] died.

On 27th December 1605 Philip Herbert 4th Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Montgomery [aged 21] and Susan Vere Countess Montgomery [aged 18] were married at Whitehall. The bride was escorted into the church by the Queen's [aged 31] brother Prince Ulrik Oldenburg [aged 26] and her son Henry Frederick Stewart Prince of Wales [aged 11]. She the daughter of Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford and Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford. He the son of Henry Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke and Mary Sidney Countess Pembroke [aged 44].

On 3rd February 1614 Robert Ker 1st Earl Roxburghe [aged 44] and Jean Drummond Countess Roxburghe [aged 29] were married at Somerset House [Map]. She, Jean, was the sister of his son-in-law John Drummond 2nd Earl Perth [aged 26] who had married his daughter Jean Ker Countess Perth. The wedding was attended by the King [aged 47] and Queen [aged 39]. There was a masque Hymen's Triumph written by Samuel Daniel.

On 2nd March 1619 [her daughter] Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland [aged 44] died.

On 27th March 1624 [her son] Prince Ulrik Oldenburg [aged 45] died.

On 19th June 1625 [her daughter] Elizabeth Oldenburg [aged 51] died.

On 14th October 1631 Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [aged 74] died.

Royal Ancestors of Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 1557-1631

Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Godwinson: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 12 Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Daughter of King Philip III of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Alfonso II King Aragon

Royal Descendants of Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 1557-1631
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland [1]

Christian IV King of Denmark [1]

King George III of Great Britain and Ireland [1]

Charlotte Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort England [1]

Caroline Matilda Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway [1]

Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England [1]

Frederica Mecklenburg Strelitz Queen Consort Hanover [1]

King Christian I of Norway and VIII of Denmark [2]

Frederick William IV King Prussia [1]

William I King Prussia [1]

Frederick VII King of Denmark [3]

Queen Louise Hesse-Kassel of Denmark [2]

Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [2]

Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway [1]

Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia [6]

King Edward VII of the United Kingdom [6]

Frederick Charles I King Finland [2]

Constantine I King Greece [1]

Alexandrine Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark [4]

Victoria Eugénie Mountbatten Queen Consort Spain [6]

Louise Mountbatten Queen Consort Sweden [6]

Ingrid Bernadotte Queen Consort Denmark [7]

Philip Mountbatten Duke Edinburgh [7]

Carl XVI King Sweden [13]

Ancestors of Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 1557-1631

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry IV Duke of Mecklenburg

Great x 1 Grandfather: Magnus II Duke of Mecklenburg

Grandfather: Albrecht VII Duke Mecklenburg

Father: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 9 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 1 Grandfather: Joachim "Nestor" Hohenzollern Elector Brandenburg 7 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Frederick I Duke Saxony

Great x 3 Grandfather: William III Duke of Luxembourg 7 x Great Grandson of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Thuringia 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Albert Habsburg V Duke Austria 4 x Great Grandson of King Philip III of France

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Habsburg 5 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Luxembourg Duchess Austria 9 x Great Granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Grandmother: Anna Hohenzollern Duchess Mecklenburg 8 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France

Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Philip III of France