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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles 1579-1662

Paternal Family Tree: Witham

On or before 30th June 1579 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles was born to William Witham of Ledstone [aged 33] at Ledsham. She was baptised 30th June 1579.

On or after 8th May 1593 [her father] William Witham of Ledstone [deceased] died. He died of a malign influence caused by Mary Pannal who was subsequently executed for witchcraft; the last person in England to be so. Or it may have been son of his William Witham who had died in 1593. He was buried 8th May 1593.

In or before 1600 Thomas Jobson of Cudworth and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 20] were married.

Around 1600 [her son] Thomas Jobson was born to [her husband] Thomas Jobson of Cudworth and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 20].

On 21st November 1606 [her husband] Thomas Jobson of Cudworth died.

In 1611 Thomas Bolles [aged 33] and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 31] were married.

On 23rd October 1613 [her daughter] Anne Bolles Lady Dalston was born to [her husband] Thomas Bolles [aged 35] and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 34] She married 1635 William Dalston 1st Baronet and had issue.

On 2nd August 1618 [her daughter] Mary Bolles was born to [her husband] Thomas Bolles [aged 40] and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 39] at Worksop, Nottinghamshire. She was baptised 7th August 1618. She married 8th January 1641 Thomas Leigh of Adlington.

In 1635 [her son-in-law] William Dalston 1st Baronet [aged 25] and [her daughter] Anne Bolles Lady Dalston [aged 21] were married.

On 13th April 1635 [her husband] Thomas Bolles [aged 57] died at Worksop, Nottinghamshire.

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The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel Volume 2 Chapters 61-109 1342-1361

The Chronicle of Jean le Bel, Volume 2 continues one of the most important fourteenth-century accounts of the early Hundred Years’ War. Written by the Liège chronicler Jean le Bel, this vivid narrative follows the fortunes of Edward III, Jean II of France, the Black Prince, the great nobles of France and England, and the soldiers, captains and companies who shaped the conflict. This volume covers some of the most dramatic events of the period, including the battles of Crécy and Poitiers, the siege and capture of Calais, the captivity of King John, the rise of the Jacquerie, the turmoil in Paris under Étienne Marcel and Charles of Navarre, the devastation caused by the free companies, Edward III’s great campaign of 1359–1360, and the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Brétigny. Jean le Bel’s chronicle is especially valuable for its lively detail, its interest in chivalry, warfare, politics and reputation, and its influence on later chroniclers, most famously Froissart. This English translation presents the text in clear, readable British English while preserving the force and character of the original narrative. The translation includes extensive notes to help the reader better understand Jean le Bel's text. Volume 2 also includes translated appendices drawn from royal and administrative records, many from the English Record Office, which illuminate Edward III’s campaigns in Brittany, the siege and occupation of Calais, naval preparations, military finance, appointments, safe conducts and related affairs.

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On 19th December 1635 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 56] was created 1st Lady Bolles by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 35] with remainder to her heirs male and assignees. The only creation of a Baronetess in history. Bolles the name of her late husband Thomas Bolles who had died nine months before.

Around 1636 [her grandson] William Jobson 2nd Baronet was born to [her son] Thomas Jobson [aged 36] and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 56] at Heath. Coefficient of inbreeding 25.00%. He married before 1666 Lucy Tindall Lady Jobson Lady Jackson and had issue.

On 8th January 1641 [her son-in-law] Thomas Leigh of Adlington [aged 27] and [her daughter] Mary Bolles [aged 22] were married at Worksop Priory [Map].

On 20th May 1643 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 63] entertained Royalist troops to a Bowling Match at Heath Old Hall. Wakefield [Map] was taken the next day by Paliamentary troops.

Around 1653 [her son] Thomas Jobson [aged 53] died.

On 22nd November 1656 [her daughter] Mary Bolles [aged 38] died at Prestbury, Cheshire [Map].

On 4th May 1662 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 82] made her will

On 5th May 1662 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [aged 82] died at Heath Old Hall. Her son William [aged 26] succeeded 2nd Baronet Jobson.

Around 16th June 1662 Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles [deceased] was buried at All Saints Church, Ledsham [Map] some six weeks after her death as stipulated by her will by which she provided £120 to "retain her kindred, friends and servants together, and to entertain other persons ordinary and extraordinary". Shroud Monument.

Her tomb consists of a large block of white marble on a black slab on which her finely carved effigy rests showing her in a winding sheet. The black slab is supported by black pillars with white capitals and base.

At the head of the tomb are the arms Witham as a widow: Or three eaglets overall a bend gules. The Witham crest: Out of a ducal coronet or a demi-woman hair dishevelled holding in dester hand a gem ring.

At the sides Jobson (impaling Witham and Bolles implaing Witham.

The inscription ...

Here under, lyeth interred the Body of the Right Worshipful Dame Mary Bolles of Heath Hall, in the County of York, Baronetess, on of the daughters of William Witham, of the worshipful and ancient Family of Witham of Leadstone Hall, in the County aforesaid, Esquire; who married to her first husband Thomas Jobson of Cudworth, in the said County, Esquire, by whom she had issue Thomas Jobson, Esquire, and Elizabeth, who married Thomas Sheerebrooke of Oxon, in the Country of Nottingham, Esquire. The said Dame Mary Bolles had to her second husband Thomas Bolles of Asbarstone, in the Country of Nottingham, Esquire; by who she had issue Ann, married the Right Worshipful Sir William Dalston of Dalston, in the County of Cumberland, King and Baronet; and Mary, who married Thomas Legh of Alington, in the County of Cheshire, Esquire. The said Dame Mary Bolles, being 83 years of age, departed this mortal life at Heath Hall, aforesaid, the 5 day of May, in the year of our Lord 1662.

Her bowels were buried at the Church of St Peter Kirkthorpe [Map].

Thomas Jobson of Cudworth: In or before 1600 he and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles were married. On 21st November 1606 he died.

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[her daughter] Elizabeth Jobson was born to Thomas Jobson of Cudworth and Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles. She married Thomas Sherbrook of Oxton in Nottinghamshire.

Ancestors of Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles 1579-1662

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Witham of Grantham

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Witham

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Witham of Bretonby

Great x 1 Grandfather: Matthew Witham of Bretonby

Grandfather: Henry Witham of Ledston

Father: William Witham of Ledstone

Mary Witham 1st Baronetess Bolles