The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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Paternal Family Tree: Bourchier
Maternal Family Tree: Aoife ni Diarmait Macmurrough Countess Pembroke and Buckingham 1145-1188
1457 John Neville married Isabel Ingaldsthorpe
29th March 1461 Battle of Towton
Around 1390 Thomas Stafford 3rd Earl Stafford [aged 22] and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 7] were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She would, eight years later marry his younger brother Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford [aged 11]; an example of a Married to Two Siblings. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 34] and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 24]. He the son of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford [aged 56]. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 28th June 1398 Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford [aged 20] and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 15] were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She had, around eight years previously, married his brother Thomas Stafford 3rd Earl Stafford who had died in 1392; an example of Married to Two Siblings. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 32]. He the son of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford [aged 64]. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1405 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu [aged 31] and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester.
Around 1416 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners was born to [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu [aged 42] and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 33]. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.
In 1419 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu [aged 45] was created 1st Count Eu. [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 36] by marriage Countess Eu.
On 28th May 1420 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu [aged 46] died at Troyes, France [Map]. He was buried at Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map]. His son [his brother] Henry [aged 16] succeeded 2nd Count Eu.
Before 18th October 1424 [his half-brother] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford [aged 22] and [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham [aged 16] were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 60] and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 45]. He the son of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 41]. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1426 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 10] was knighted.
Before 25th April 1426 [his brother] Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex [aged 22] and [his sister-in-law] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess Eu. She the daughter of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 43]. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 6th March 1427 [his brother-in-law] John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter [aged 31] and [his half-sister] Anne Stafford Duchess Exeter were married. She by marriage Duchess Exeter. She the daughter of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 44]. He the son of John Holland 1st Duke Exeter and Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 20th September 1432 [his half-sister] Anne Stafford Duchess Exeter died.
On 1st July 1433 Elizabeth Bourchier 4th Baroness Bourchier Baroness Stafford [aged 34] died. Her second cousin [his brother] Henry [aged 29] succeeded 5th Baron Bourchier. [his sister-in-law] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex [aged 24] by marriage Baroness Bourchier.
On 15th May 1434 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 16] was appointed Bishop of Worcester.
In 1435 [his son] Humphrey Bourchier was born to John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 19] and [his future wife] Margery Berners Baroness Berners [aged 26]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. He married 1466 Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey and had issue.
In 1438 [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford [aged 55] died. She was buried at Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map].
After 10th October 1441 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 25] and Margery Berners Baroness Berners [aged 32] were married. He the son of William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
In 1442 [his daughter] Joan Bourchier was born to John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 26] and [his wife] Margery Berners Baroness Berners [aged 33]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married 1463 her third cousin Henry Neville, son of George Neville 1st Baron Latimer of Snape and Elizabeth Beauchamp Baroness Latimer, and had issue.
In September 1444 [his half-brother] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford [aged 42] was created 1st Duke of Buckingham by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 22] in reward for many years of loyal and continuous service to the Crown. [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham [aged 36] by marriage Duchess of Buckingham.
Before 18th October 1444 [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk [aged 29] and [his sister] Eleanor Bourchier Duchess Norfolk [aged 27] were married. She by marriage Duchess Norfolk. She the daughter of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford. He the son of John Mowbray 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk [aged 44]. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 25th October 1445 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin [aged 29] and [his sister-in-law] Thomasine Hankford 9th Baroness Fitzwarin [aged 22] were married. He by marriage Baron Fitzwarin. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In April 1454 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 36] was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
In 1455 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 39] was created 1st Baron Berners. [his wife] Margery Berners Baroness Berners [aged 46] by marriage Baroness Berners.
On 25th April 1457 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu [aged 26] and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe [aged 16] were married by [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 39] at Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. She the heir of her father Edmund Ingaldsthorpe who had died the previous year. Eight manors were settled on them in jointure. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 57] and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury [aged 50]. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1460 a petition noted "The Nevilles state that Isabel was found to be Ingoldisthorpe's daughter and heir. When they requested livery of the estates from the chancellor in Chancery, he refused on the grounds that the king had granted the marriage and wardship to the queen [aged 29]. The Nevilles disputed this as Isabel was 14, and not a minor at common law. John Neville made recognizances in £1,000 to the queen on the understanding that if it was found that such a grant to the queen was not available, then she would not take any money from Neville. The Nevilles are unable to have a day in their law, and the queen has still levied part of the £1,000, and they are forced to sue a special livery at great expense. They request that the recognizances by annulled, and that women of the age of 14 when their ancestors die should have no problem of obtaining livery of their lands and tenements." See National Archives UK John Nevyll (Neville), knight; Isabel Neville, wife of John Neville, knight. SC 8/28/1398 1460.
In 1459 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 43] was appointed 179th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 37].
In 1461 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 45] was appointed Constable of Windsor Castle.
Paston Letters Volume 3 450. 4th April 1461. 3.450. William Paston and John Playters to John Paston [aged 39].
To my maister, John Paston, in hast,
Please you to knowe and wete of suche tydyngs as my Lady of York hath by a lettre of credens, under the signe manuel of oure Soverayn Lord King Edward, whiche lettre cam un to oure sayd Lady this same day, Esterne Evyn, at xj. clok, and was sene and red by me, William Paston.
Fyrst, oure Soverayn Lord [aged 18] hath wonne the feld, and uppon the Munday next after Palmesunday, he was resseved in to York with gret solempnyte and processyons. And the Mair the Yorkist cause and Comons of the said cite mad ther menys to have grace be Lord Montagu [aged 30] and Lord Barenars [aged 45], whiche be for the Kyngs coming in to the said cite desyred hym of grace for the said cite, whiche graunted hem grace. On the Kyngs parte is slayn Lord Fitz Water [deceased], and Lord Scrop [aged 23] sore hurt; John Stafford, Horne of Kent ben ded; and Umfrey Stafford, William Hastyngs [aged 30] mad knyghts with other; Blont is knygth, &c.
On the contrary part is ded Lord Clyfford [deceased], Lord Nevyle [deceased], Lord Welles [deceased], Lord Wyllouby, Antony Lord Scales, Lord Harry, and be supposyng the Erle of Northumberland, Andrew Trollop, with many other gentyll and comons to the nomber of xx.ml. (20000).
Item, Kyng Harry, the Qwen, the Prince, Duke of Somerset, Duke of Exeter, Lord Roos, be fledde in to Scotteland, and they be chased and folwed, &c. We send no er un to you be cause we had non certynges tyl now; for un to this day London was as sory cite as myght. And because Spordauns had no certeyn tydyngs, we thought ye schuld take them a worthe tyl more certayn.
Item, Thorp Waterfeld is yeldyn, as Spordauns can telle you. And Jesu spede you. We pray you that this tydyngs my moder may knowe.
Be your Broder,
W. Paston.
T. Playters.
Note 1. 'On a piece of paper pinned to the above letter,' says Fenn, 'is a list of the 268 names of the noblemen and knights, and the number of soldiers slain at the above battle of Towton, as follows:
Comes Northumbriæ [deceased].
Comes Devon [deceased].
Dominus de Beamunde.
Dominus de Dacre [deceased].
Dominus Henricus de Bokyngham.
Dominus de Scales Antony Revers.
Dominus de Wellugby.
Dominus de Malley Radulfus Bigot Miles.
Millites.
Sir Rauff Gray.
Sir Ric. Jeney.
Sir Harry Bekingham.
Sir Andrew Trollop.
With xxviij.ml. (28000) nomberd by Harralds.
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On 28th June 1461 King Edward IV of England [aged 19] was crowned IV King of England. Duke York, Earl March, Earl of Ulster, Earl Cambridge, Baron Mortimer of Wigmore merged with the Crown. [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 43] was assisted by Archbishop William Booth [aged 73] at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 31st October 1461 King Edward IV of England [aged 19] created his brother Richard [aged 9] 1st Duke Gloucester. Henry Bourchier [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Essex. Isabel of York [aged 52] by marriage Countess Essex. William Neville [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Kent. Joan Fauconberg [aged 55] by marriage Countess Kent.
In 1463 [his son-in-law] Henry Neville [aged 26] and [his daughter] Joan Bourchier [aged 21] were married. They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 26th May 1465 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England [aged 28] was crowned Queen Consort England by [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier [aged 47] at Westminster Abbey [Map].
King Edward IV of England [aged 23] attended.
John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne [aged 23], Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers [aged 25], Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers [aged 12] and William Calthorpe [aged 55] were created Knight of the Bath.
[his future daughter-in-law] Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey [aged 21] carried her train.
Richard Choke [aged 45] was created Knight of the Bath.
In 1466 [his son] Humphrey Bourchier [aged 31] and [his daughter-in-law] Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey [aged 22] were married.
On or before 15th August 1467 [his nephew] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier [aged 37] and Anne Woodville Viscountess Bourchier [aged 29] were married. An example of a Woodville marriage to a wealthy family which antagonised the nobility - see Woodville Marriages. William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier was heir to his father [his brother] Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex [aged 63]. She the daughter of Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers [aged 62] and Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford [aged 52]. He the son of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex and [his sister-in-law] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex [aged 58].
Before 19th March 1470 [his son-in-law] Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles and [his daughter] Elizabeth Bourchier Baroness Willoughby of Eresby were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 2nd October 1470 [his daughter] Elizabeth Bourchier Baroness Willoughby of Eresby died. She was buried at Whitefriars Doncaster [Map].
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 7th October 1470 [his daughter] Joan Bourchier [aged 28] died.
On 14th April 1471 Edward IV [aged 28] commanded at the Battle of Barnet supported by his brothers George [aged 21] and Richard [aged 18], John Babington [aged 48], Wiliam Hastings [aged 40] (commanded), Ralph Hastings, William Norreys [aged 30], William Parr [aged 37], John Savage [aged 49], [his nephew] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier [aged 41], Thomas St Leger [aged 31], John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet [aged 45], Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough [aged 40], John Scott [aged 48] and Thomas Strickland.
The Yorkists William Blount [aged 29], Humphrey Bourchier [aged 36], Henry Stafford [aged 46] and Thomas Parr were killed.
Humphrey Bourchier 1st Baron Cromwell [aged 40], was killed. Baron Cromwell extinct.
The Lancastrians...
Warwick the Kingmaker [aged 42] was killed. Earl Salisbury, Baron Montagu, Baron Montagu and Baron Monthermer forfeit on the assumption he was attainted either before or after his death; the date of his attainder is unknown. If not attainted the titles may have been abeyant between his two daughters Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence [aged 19] and Anne Neville Queen Consort England [aged 14].
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu [aged 40] was killed. Marquess Montagu, Baron Montagu forfeit; unclear as to when he was attainted. He was buried at Bisham Abbey [Map].
William Tyrrell was killed.
William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele [aged 43] was killed. His son Henry [aged 25] succeeded 3rd Baron Saye and Sele. Anne Harcourt Baroness Saye and Sele by marriage Baroness Saye and Sele.
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter [aged 40] commanded the left flank, was badly wounded and left for dead, Henry Stafford and John Paston [aged 27] were wounded, John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford [aged 28] commanded, and John Paston [aged 29] and William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont [aged 33] fought.
Robert Harleston [aged 36] was killed.
Thomas Hen Salusbury [aged 62] was killed.
Thomas Tresham [aged 51] escaped but was subsequently captured and executed on the 6th of May 1471.
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Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. 14th April 1471. But it happenede that he withe his oste were enterede into the toune of Barnet, before the Earl of Warwick [aged 42] and his host. And so the Earl of Warwick and his host lay witheoute the towne alle nyght, and eche of them loosede gonnes at othere, alle the nyght. And on Ester day in the mornynge, the xiiij. day of Apryl, ryght erly, eche of them came uppone othere; and ther was suche a grete myste, that nether of them might see othere perfitely; ther they faughte, from iiij. of clokke in the mornynge unto x. of clokke the fore-none. And dyverse times the Earl of Warwick party hade the victory, and supposede that they hade wonne the felde. But it hapenede so, that the Earl of Oxenfordes men hade uppon them ther lordes lyvery, bothe before and behynde, which was a sterre withe stremys, wiche [was] myche lyke Kynge Edwardes lyvery, the sunne with stremys1; and the myste was so thycke, that a manne mighte not profytely juge one thynge from anothere; so the Earl of Warwikes menne schott and faughte ayens the Earl of Oxenfordes menne, wetynge and supposynge that they hade bene Kynge Edwardes menne; and anone the Earl of Oxenforde and his menne cryed " treasoune! treasoune! " and fledde awaye from the felde withe viij. c. menne. The Lorde Markes Montagu [aged 40] was agreyde and apoyntede with Kynge Edwarde, and put uppone hym Kynge Edwardes lyvery; and a manne of the Earls of Warwick sawe that, and felle uppone him, and kyllede hym. And whenne the Earl of Warwick sawe his brothere dede, and the Earl of Oxenforde fledde, he lepte one horse-backe, and flede to a wode by the felde of Barnett, where was no waye forthe; and one of Kynge Edwardes menne hade espyede him, and one came uppone hym and kylled hym, and dispolede him nakede. And so Kynge Edwarde gate that felde.
And ther was slayne2 of the Earl of Warwicks party, the Earl hym self, Markes Montagu, Sere William Tyrelle, knyghte, and many other. The [his nephew] Duke of Excetre [aged 40] faugth manly ther that day, and was gretely despolede and woundede, and lefte nakede for dede in the felde, and so lay ther from vij. of clokke tille iiij. after none; whiche was take up and brought to a house by a manne of his owne; and a leche brought to hym, and so afterwarde brought in to sancuarij at Westmynster.
And one Kynge Edwardes party was slayne the Lorde Crowmwelle [aged 40], sonne and heyre to the Earl of Essex [aged 67], Lord Barnes [aged 55] sonne and heyre [aged 36]3, Lorde Say [aged 43]4, and dyverse other, to the nombre (of bothe partys) iiij. Ml menne. And, after that the felde was don, Kynge Edwarde commaundyd bothe the Earl of Warwikes body and the Lord Markes body to be putt in a carte, and returned hym with alle his oste ageyne to Londone; and there commaundede the seide ij. bodyes to be layede in the chyrche of Paulis, one the pavement, that every manne mighte see them; and so they lay iij. or iiij. days, and afterwarde where buryede. And Kynge Herry, beynge in the forwarde durynge the bataylle, was not hurt; but he was broughte ageyne to the Toure of Londone, ther to be kept.
Note 1. The sunne with stremys. The crest of the Kynaston coat is supposed to have been assumed from this time, and in allusion to this event.
Note 2. And ther was slayne. A very comprehensive list is given in MS. Arundel, Mus. Brit. 28, fol. 25, vº. The brass matrix of the seal of the Earl of Warwick, taken from him when he was slain, is in the British Museum; an impression may be seen among the charters, xxxiv. 33.
Note 3. Lord Barnes sonne and heyre. Sir Humphrey Bourchier. His gravestone remains in Westminster Abbey, denuded of his figure in brass plate, but retaining an epitaph of fourteen Latin hexameters, commemorative of his prowess and the scene of his death. They commence:
Hic pugil ecce jacens, Bernett fera bella cupiscens, [Here lies a fighter, Bernett, desiring fierce wars]
Certat ut Eacides, &c. &c. [Striving like Achilles.]
See engravings in Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. II. pl. LXXXVI; Harding's Antiquities in Westminster Abbey, pl. VIII. It may be remarked that the word in the eighth line read parvulus by Gough, &c. is really pimulus, i. e. primulus, used instead of primus for the sake of the metre. - J.G.N.
Note 4. Lord Say. This nobleman [William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele] was formerly on the Lancastrian side, but received Edward's pardon on the 5th of May, 1462; Chart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. VIII. 13.
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English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century Appendix 13. On the 21st day of the same month of May [1471], King Edward [aged 29] returned to the City of London in noble triumph, having Margaret [aged 41], formerly queen, led before his army in a chariot. He rode through the middle of the city, with banners and standards unfurled, as though on a campaign or expedition undertaken against the aforementioned Kentish rebels. In his company at that time were: His brothers, the Dukes of Clarence [aged 21] and Gloucester [aged 18]; the Dukes of Norfolk [aged 46], Suffolk [aged 28], and Buckingham [aged 16]; the Earls of Northumberland [aged 22], Shrewsbury [aged 22], Rivers [aged 31], Essex [aged 67], Wiltshire [aged 43], and Pembroke [aged 20]. Among the barons and lords: Audley [aged 45], Stanley [aged 36], Grey of Ruthin [aged 17], the son and heir of the Earl of Kent [aged 54], Grey of Codnor [aged 36], Berners [aged 55], Cromwell1, Dacre2, Hastings [aged 59], Howard [aged 28]3, Dynham [aged 38], Cobham [aged 23], Mautravers [aged 21], the son and heir of Arundel [aged 53], Bourchier, Dudley [aged 70], Scrope [aged 33], and Ferrers [aged 16], along with many other nobles, knights, and esquires, and a greater number of mounted men than had ever been seen before.
Eodem mensis Maii die xxj rediit Rex Edwardus ad ciuitatem London, cum nobili triumpho, faciens secum adduci dictam Margaretam, olim reginam, in curru precedente exercitui. Et equitauit per medium ciuitatis, vexillis et standardis displicatis, tanquam in itinere et expedicione capta aduersus prefatos Kentenses, In cuius comitiva tune fuerunt duces de Clarence et Gloucester ipsius fratres; item duces de Northfolke et Southfolk, et de Bukyngham; item comites de Northumberland, de Shrovesbury, de Ryuers, de Essex, de Wyltshyre, de Pembroke; Barones, domini de Audeley, de Stanley, de Grey Ruthyn, films et heres de Comitis Cancie, de Grey Cotenor, de Barreners, de Cromwell, de Dacres, de Hastynges, de Howard, de Dynham, de Cobham, de Mautravers, filius et heres de Arundell, de Bourgcher, de Dudley, de Scrope, de Ferrers, cum aliis nobilibus, militibus et armigeris, ac multitudine equitum maiore quam ante sit visa.
Note 1. Unclear as to who this refers to since Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell died in 1456.
Note 2. Unclear as to who this refers to since Thomas Dacre 6th Baron Dacre Gilsland died in 1458, Ralph Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland died in 1461 and Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland [aged 47] was created Baron Dacre in either 1473 or 1482.
Note 3. We take this to refer to Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk, son of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk, referring to his subsiduary title.
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In 1473 [his brother] Thomas Bourchier [aged 55] was appointed Cardinal.
In or before 1474 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin [aged 58] and [his former sister-in-law] Catherine Affeton were married. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
In 1474 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin [aged 58] died.
On 16th May 1474 John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners [aged 58] died. His grandson John [aged 7] succeeded 2nd Baron Berners.
On 18th December 1475 [his former wife] Margery Berners Baroness Berners [aged 67] died.
Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. And the [his brother] Archebysschoppe of Cawnterbury, the Earl of Essex, the Lorde Barnesse, and suche other as awyde Kynge Edwarde good wylle, as welle in Londone as in othere places, made as many menne as they mighte in strengthynge the seide Kynge Edwarde; so then he was a vij. Ml. menne, and ther they refresched welle them self alle that day, and good frydai. And upone Ester evyne, he and alle his oste went toward Barnett, and caryede Kynge Herry withe hym: for he hade understondyng that the Earl of Warwycke and the Duke of Excetre, the Lorde Markes Montagu, the Earl of Oxenforde, and many other knyghtes, squires, and comons, to the nombre of xx. Ml., were gaderide togedere to feghte ageyne Kynge Edwarde.
[his daughter] Elizabeth Bourchier Baroness Willoughby of Eresby was born to John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners and Margery Berners Baroness Berners. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She married before 19th March 1470 her fourth cousin once removed Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby 8th Baron Welles, son of Richard Welles 7th Baron Welles, Baron Willoughby and Joan Willoughby 7th Baroness Willoughby of Eresby.
Kings Wessex: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 10 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 15 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 11 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 12 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 15 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Bourchier 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Bourchier 1st Baron Bourchier
Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter of Colchester
Great x 2 Grandmother: Helen of Colchester
GrandFather: William Bourchier
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Prayers Baroness Bourchier
Father: William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Louvain
GrandMother: Eleanor Louvaine
John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry III of England 
Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England 
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon 
Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 
2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 
4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Avesnes I Count Hainaut 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John of Avesnes II Count Hainaut II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainaut 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William of Avesnes I Count Hainaut III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainaut and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainaut 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples
Mother: Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Fiennes Countess Essex and Hereford 
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gunselin Badlesmere 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Fitzbernard
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Clare Baroness Badlesmere 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel 
3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel 4 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Saluzzo Countess Arundel 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Warenne
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Warenne Countess Arundel
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Vere 
Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Chaworth
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Beauchamp 