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Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham

The Chronicle of the Abbey of Evesham is a remarkable medieval history of one of England’s great Benedictine monasteries. Beginning with the abbey’s legendary and royal foundations, it traces the fortunes of Evesham through centuries of religious devotion, political conflict, legal struggle, rebuilding, reform, and royal patronage. At the heart of the chronicle is the abbey’s determination to defend its ancient liberties. Its monks record disputes with bishops, appeals to popes and papal legates, contested elections of abbots, lawsuits over lands and privileges, and the long struggle to preserve Evesham’s exemption from episcopal control. Alongside these institutional battles are vivid accounts of saints and miracles, including St Ecgwine, St Odulf and the royal martyr St Wistan, whose relics and cult formed an important part of the abbey’s identity. The chronicle also preserves a wealth of detail about everyday monastic life. It describes the building and repair of churches, cloisters, chapels, halls, mills, granges and fishponds; the acquisition of estates and revenues; the making of vestments, shrines, bells and liturgical books; and the provision of food, clothing, recreation and medical care for the monks. Successive abbots emerge not merely as religious superiors but as administrators, builders, patrons, diplomats and defenders of the community. Extending into the later Middle Ages, the narrative reflects the changing political world around Evesham, from the Norman Conquest and the Angevin kings to the Wars of the Roses and the reign of Henry VIII. The result is both a history of a single monastery and a richly detailed record of medieval English religious, legal, economic and political life. This edition offers modern readers direct access to one of the most important monastic chronicles of medieval England, revealing how the monks of Evesham understood their saints, their privileges, their rulers and their place in history.

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Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 1347-1419

On 9th February 1321 [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 15] and [her step-mother] Isabel Despencer Countess Arundel [aged 9] were married at Havering atte Bower, Essex [Map]. She by marriage Countess Arundel. He the son of [her grandfather] Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel [aged 35] and [her grandmother] Alice Warenne Countess Arundel. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King John of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 6th November 1330 John Beaumont 2nd Baron Beaumont [aged 12] and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 12] were married. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster [aged 49] and [her grandmother] Maud Chaworth. He the son of Henry Beaumont Earl Buchan [aged 51] and Alice Comyn 4th Countess Buchan. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

14th December 1344 [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 38] and [her step-mother] Isabel Despencer Countess Arundel [aged 32] marriage annulled by Pope Clement VI on the grounds that he had never freely consented to marry Isabel. He, at this time, is believed to be having an affair with her first cousin [her mother] Eleanor [aged 26] who he married four months later.

On 5th April 1345 [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 39] and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 26] were married at Ditton Church, Stoke Poges. She by marriage Countess Arundel. She the daughter of [her grandfather] Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster [aged 64] and [her grandmother] Maud Chaworth. He the son of Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel and Alice Warenne Countess Arundel. They were half third cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King John of England. She a great granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

In 1347 Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton was born to Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 41] and Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 28] at Arundel Castle [Map]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

Before 1352 [her future brother-in-law] Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl March [aged 23] and Philippa Montagu Countess March [aged 19] were married. She by marriage Countess March. She the daughter of William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury and Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury. He the son of Edmund Mortimer and Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton [aged 38].

On 17th February 1359 [her brother] John Fitzalan 1st Baron Arundel Baron Maltravers [aged 11] and [her sister-in-law] Eleanor Maltravers 2nd Baroness Maltravers Baroness Arundel and Cobham [aged 14] were married. He the son of [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 53] and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 40]. They were fifth cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John of England.

In September 1359, a case of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings, siblings from the de Bohun family, children of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 49], his only children, and the Fitzalan family, children of Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey 1306 1376, were married:

Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [aged 13] and Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 9] were married. She the daughter of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton. He the son of Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 53] and Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 40]. They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 18] and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 12] were married. She the daughter of Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey and Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey. He the son of William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 16th September 1360 [her father-in-law] William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 50] died. He was buried either in the Courtenay Chantry Chapel at Exeter Cathedral [Map] or at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. His son [her husband] Humphrey [aged 19] succeeded 2nd Earl of Northampton. Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 13] by marriage Countess of Northampton.

Before 1361 [her half-brother] Henry Beaumont 3rd Baron Beaumont [aged 20] and [her sister-in-law] Margaret Vere Baroness Devereux and Beaumont were married. She by marriage Baroness Beaumont. She the daughter of John de Vere 7th Earl of Oxford and Maud Badlesmere Countess of Oxford [aged 52]. He the son of John Beaumont 2nd Baron Beaumont and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 42]. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

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Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and II Volume 1 Annals of London and Annals of St Paul's

This volume brings together two important medieval chronicles of the reigns of Edward I and Edward II: the Annals of London (Annales Londonienses) and the Annals of St Paul’s (Annales Paulini). Written close to the events they describe, these chronicles offer a vivid contemporary record of English political, military, ecclesiastical and civic life from the late thirteenth to the early fourteenth century. Their particular strength lies in their London perspective, recording not only the affairs of kings, nobles and bishops, but also parliaments, royal proclamations, civic disputes, elections of mayors and sheriffs, executions, tournaments, religious ceremonies, fires, floods, disturbances and the everyday concerns of the capital. The chronicles cover some of the most dramatic events of the period, including the wars of Edward I, conflict with Scotland, the turbulent reign of Edward II, the rise and fall of Piers Gaveston and the Despensers, the rebellion of Thomas of Lancaster, Queen Isabella’s invasion of England, the deposition of Edward II, and the accession of Edward III. The Annales Paulini, associated with St Paul’s Cathedral, is particularly rich in detailed observations of London and its clergy and citizens. An essential primary source for students and readers interested in medieval England, London history, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, the Scottish wars, medieval politics, and ecclesiastical history, this volume provides an unusually immediate view of a kingdom undergoing profound political upheaval.

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On 15th October 1361 Humphrey Bohun 6th Earl Hereford 5th Earl Essex [aged 52] died. His nephew [her husband] Humphrey [aged 20] succeeded 7th Earl Hereford, 6th Earl Essex. Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 14] by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Hereford.

Around 1366 [her daughter] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester was born to [her husband] Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 24] and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 19]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England. She married 1374 her second cousin once removed Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England, and had issue.

Around 1368 [her daughter] Mary Bohun was born to [her husband] Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 26] and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 21]. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England. She married 5th February 1381 her second cousin King Henry IV of England, son of John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster, and had issue.

Before 13th October 1370 [her brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent [aged 20] and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 20] were married. She by marriage Countess Kent. She the daughter of [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 64] and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 52]. He the son of Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales [aged 42]. They were third cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 11th January 1372 [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 53] died at Arundel [Map]. She was buried at Lewes Priory [Map].

On 16th January 1373 [her husband] Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton [aged 31] died. He was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map]. Earl Hereford, Earl Essex, Earl of Northampton extinct. His estates were divided between his two daughters Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 7], wife of Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 18] and Mary Bohun [aged 5], wife of Henry of Bolingbroke [aged 5], the future Henry IV, although the title and estates should have been inherited Gilbert Bohun who was a grandson of Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex.

In 1374 [her son-in-law] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 18] and Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 8] were married. She the daughter of Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 27]. He the son of King Edward III of England [aged 61] and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England. They were second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 24th January 1376 [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey [aged 70] died. He was buried at Lewes Priory [Map]. His son [her brother] Richard [aged 30] succeeded 9th Earl Surrey, 4th or 11th Earl Arundel. [her sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 26] by marriage Countess Arundel, Countess Surrey.

On 5th February 1381 [her son-in-law] Henry Bolingbroke [aged 13] and Mary Bohun [aged 13] were married at Arundel Castle [Map]. She the daughter of Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton and Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 34]. He the son of John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 40] and Blanche Duchess of Lancaster. They were second cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

In or before 1383 William Montagu and [her niece] Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 16] were married. She the daughter of [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [aged 36] and [her sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 32]. He the son of William Montagu 2nd Earl Salisbury [aged 54] and Elizabeth Mohun Countess of Salisbury. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

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Adam Murimuth's Continuation and Robert of Avesbury’s 'The Wonderful Deeds of King Edward III'

This volume brings together two of the most important contemporary chronicles for the reign of Edward III and the opening phases of the Hundred Years’ War. Written in Latin by English clerical observers, these texts provide a vivid and authoritative window into the political, diplomatic, and military history of fourteenth-century England and its continental ambitions. Adam Murimuth Continuatio's Chronicarum continues an earlier chronicle into the mid-fourteenth century, offering concise but valuable notices on royal policy, foreign relations, and ecclesiastical affairs. Its annalistic structure makes it especially useful for establishing chronology and tracing the development of events year by year. Complementing it, Robert of Avesbury’s De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii is a rich documentary chronicle preserving letters, treaties, and official records alongside narrative passages. It is an indispensable source for understanding Edward III’s claim to the French crown, the conduct of war, and the mechanisms of medieval diplomacy. Together, these works offer scholars, students, and enthusiasts a reliable and unembellished account of a transformative period in English and European history. Essential for anyone interested in medieval chronicles, the Hundred Years’ War, or the reign of Edward III.

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In July 1384 Thomas Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 16] and [her niece] Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 18] were married. She by marriage Countess Nottingham. She the daughter of [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [aged 38] and [her sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey [aged 34]. They were second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 7th October 1388 Roger Mortimer 4th Earl March 3rd Earl of Ulster [aged 14] and [her niece] Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster [aged 17] were married. She by marriage Countess March, Countess of Ulster. She the daughter of [her brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent [aged 38] and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 38]. He the son of Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster and Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster. They were second cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

After 30th December 1389 [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [aged 43] and [her sister-in-law] Philippa Mortimer Countess Pembroke, Arundel and Surrey [aged 14] were married. She by marriage Countess Arundel, Countess Surrey. The difference in their ages was 29 years. She the daughter of Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster and Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster. He the son of [her father] Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey and [her mother] Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey. They were first cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Before 20th October 1392 [her nephew] Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey [aged 18] and Joan Stafford Countess Kent [aged 14] were married. She the daughter of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford [aged 58]. He the son of [her brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent [aged 42] and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 42]. They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 4th November 1393 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York [aged 52] and [her niece] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 13] were married. She by marriage Duchess York. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the daughter of [her brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent [aged 43] and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 43]. He the son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

Around 1394 William Ros 6th Baron Ros Helmsley [aged 24] and [her niece] Margaret Fitzalan Baroness Ros of Helmsley [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Baroness Ros Helmsley. She brought a 40 mark annuity to the marriage awarded to her by King Richard II of England [aged 26] following the death of his wife Anne of Bohemia Queen Consort England [aged 27] in whose household she had been. She the sister of the [her brother] Earl of Arundel [aged 48]. He the son of Thomas Ros 4th Baron Ros Helmsley and Beatrice Stafford Countess Desmond [aged 53]. They were fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 4th June 1394 [her granddaughter] Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Denmark was born to [her son-in-law] King Henry IV of England [aged 27] and [her daughter] Mary Bohun [aged 26] at Peterborough Castle [Map]. Her mother died in childbirth. She was buried at Church of the Annunciation of our Lady of the Newark [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.60%. She married 26th October 1406 King Eric of Norway, Denmark and Sweden.

In April 1398 Thomas Poynings 5th Baron St John of Basing [aged 47] and [her former sister-in-law] Philippa Mortimer Countess Pembroke, Arundel and Surrey [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Baroness St John of Basing. The difference in their ages was 24 years. She the daughter of Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl March, Earl of Ulster and Philippa Plantagenet Countess March 2nd Countess Ulster.

Before 19th June 1399 Edward Charleton 5th Baron Cherleton [aged 29] and [her niece] Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster [aged 28] were married. She the daughter of [her former brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 49]. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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On 3rd October 1399 [her daughter] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 33] died. She was buried at the Chapel of St Edmund, Westminster Abbey [Map]. She has a monumental brass, representing the deceased in her conventual dress, as a nun of Barking Abbey [Map].

Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV. On the feast of Saint Maurus [15th January 1400], which was the eighteenth day before the Kalends of February, with night now approaching, the commons asked Lord Gerard Braybrooke [aged 68], knight, to bring out the traitor. He, however, in accordance with the commands of the Lady Countess of Hereford [aged 53], wishing to keep him safe until the lord king had spoken with him, sought delays, drew out the time, and put off hearing them. They soon, as though turned to madness of mind, swore that unless he brought him out without delay, he himself would die in his place. He, fearing the anger of the common people, promised that he would bring out the earl. Returning at once and trembling in haste, he found the earl and the knight, namely John, kneeling, having already said the commendation for their own souls and the Office of the Dead. He told them in what great fear he had been placed because he had delayed bringing them out. The earl, hearing these things, cried out lamentably: "Alas," he said, "am I to be handed over to the judgment of peasants and knaves, and butchered according to their pleasure? Let me be armed, I beg you, and let me defend myself until I fail, so that it may not befall me to die so shamefully." Gerard and the others, on the contrary, advised him that, laying aside the will to avenge himself, he should arm himself with patience and humbly undergo the fortune which he could in no way escape. When the earl had agreed to their counsel, he was brought out to the commons with his hands bound behind his back. They stood on the bridge on both sides, armed with lances, swords, bows, and arrows, for the bridge is long from that tower to the adjoining land, and it was necessary for him to pass through their midst. When he saw so great an armed gathering of the commons, he asked them all in a raised voice, for God’s sake and in the name of charity, not to stupefy him with disorderly shouting, so that at the point of death he might be able to keep his senses composed. Before them all he tearfully confessed that he had wickedly sinned in many ways against his God and against his king, because he had involved himself in the counsels of the said lords and had not warned the king at all. Then he asked pardon from all the commons, insofar as he had offended against them, forgiving them all for his death, which he knew he could not escape, and praying that they would beseech the Lord for his soul, since his life, and the manner and kind of his death, were now placed at their discretion. When he had come to the place where the Duke of Gloucester had once been arrested, he was ordered to kneel, and he said the "Confiteor"1 openly, forgiving each person whatever might happen to be done against him. Then, in the hearing of everyone, he said the Creed with great contrition, calling upon all those present to be witnesses for him before God that he had died in the faith of the Church. He asked them all earnestly that someone should be chosen to behead him who was experienced and knew how to decapitate with one blow. But when he had stretched his head and neck over a low stool, the villain who was to behead him, going astray either through drunkenness or fear of the deed, performed the office not of an executioner but of a torturer, striking him ten times with the axe and tormenting him most miserably. The priests of the college seized his headless body and placed it with them. His head, like those of the others who had been killed at Cirencester, was sent to London.

Die igitur Sancti Mauri, quæ fuit octavo-decimo Kalendas Februarii, imminente jam nocte, communes petierunt Dominum Gerardum Braybrok, militem, ut educeret proditorem. Ille vero, juxta mandata Dominæ Comitissæ Herefordiæ, cupiens servare eum donec Dominus Rex cum eo colloquium habuisset, requisivit divortia, tempusque protraxit, et distulit. cos audire. Qui mox, velut in mentis insaniam versi, juraverunt quod nisi ipse produceret eum sine mora, ipse moreretur pro eodem. Ille vero, iras vulgi [metuens], promisit se Comitem producturum; jugiter reversusque, cum festinatione tremebundus, reperit Comitem atque militem, scilicet, Johannem Schevelee, genuflectendo, jam dixisse commendationem pro animabus propriis, et Offictum Mortuorum; narravitque eis in quanto [pavore] fuerat constitutus, quia eos producere distulisset. Comes, hæe audiens, lamentabiliter exclamavit, — "Heu," inquit, "sumne tradendus arbitrio rusticorum et nebulonum, et mactandus juxta beneplacitum eorundem? Sinite me," inquit, "armari, deprecor, et me defendere donec deficiam, ne tam fœde mori me contingat." Gerardus et alii, e contra, consuluerunt ut, dimissa vindicandi voluntate, armaret se patientia, et humiliter fortunam subiret, quam subterfugere nullo modo poterat. Cumque Comes consensisset eorum consiliis, vinctis a tergo manibus, éductus est ad communes, qui steterunt super pontem hine et inde, armati lanceis, gladiis, areubus, et sagittis; nam pons longus est ab illa turri usque ad terram contiguam, et per eorum medium eum transire necessarium fuit. Quiut vidit tantum communitatis apparatum, elevata voce rogavit eos omnes, ex parte Dei, et caritatis intuitu, ne inordinatis clamoribus eum stupefacerent, quominus in mortis articulo sensus compositos habere posset: lacrymabiliter coram cunctis confitebatur, se in Deum suum multipliciter nequiter peccasse, et in regem suum, quia consiliis se miscuisset dictorum dominorum, et Regem minime præmunisset. Consequenter, a cunctis communibus veniam petiit, in quantum contra eos deliquit, remittens eis omnibus necem suam, quam se scivit non posse subterfugere, et orans ut [pro] anima ejus Dominum deprecarentur, cujus vita jam in eorum arbitrio fuerat constituta, modus et mortis genus. Cumque pervenisset ad locum ubi arestatus olim fuerat Dux Gloverniæ, genuflectere jussus, dixit "Confiteor" in aperto, remittens cuilibet quicquid contra eum facere contigisset. Exinde in omnium audientia, dixit Symbolum, cum magna compunctione, interpellans omnes præsentes, ut testes ei essent coram Deo, quod in fide Ecclesiæ decessisset; rogavitque cunctos attentius, ut talis eligeretur ad decollandum eum, qui foret expertus, et uno ictu decapitare sciret. Sed cum extendisset caput et collum super breve scabellum, ganeo, qui decapitaturus fuerat eum, vel ebrietate vel metu facti oberrans, non lictoris, sed tortoris, exercebat officium, eum decem vicibus securi feriens, et miserabiliter nimis torquens. Corpus vero truncum sacerdotes de Collegio rapuerunt, eb penes se collocaverunt. Caput ejus, sicut et cæterorum qui perempti fuerunt Cyrecestriæ, Londoniis mittebatur.

Note 1. The Confiteor named from its first word, Latin for 'I confess' or 'I acknowledge', is one of the prayers that can be said during the Penitential Act at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church:

I confess to God and to blessed Mary ever-Virgin,

to blessed Michael the Archangel and blessed John the Baptist

and to the holy apostles Peter and Paul

along with all the saints and you Father:

through my fault (thrice) I have sinned

by pride in my abundant evil iniquitous and heinous thought,

speech, pollution, suggestion, delectation, consent, word and deed,

in perjury, adultery, sacrilege, murder, theft, false witness,

I have sinned by sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch,

and in my behaviour, my evil vices.

I beg blessed Mary ever-Virgin and all the saints

and these saints and you, Father,

to pray and intercede for me a sinner to our Lord Jesus Christ.

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On 16th January 1400 John Holland 1st Duke Exeter [aged 48] was executed at Pleshey Castle [Map]. Duke Exeter, Earl Huntingdon forfeit. Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 53] arranged for the children of her dead brother Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel, who had been executed on the orders of John Holland 1st Duke Exeter three years before, to witness the execution.

Chronicle of the Betrayal of Richard II. [After 15th January 1400]. The Countess [aged 53]1 sent a letter to King Henry to acquaint him that she had seized the Earl of Huntingdon [aged 48], and to beg him to send his cousin of Arundel to take vengeance upon him for the death of his [her brother] father, for she was determined to have him drawn and hung. Then the King sent the Earl of Arundel thither, and said, "Cousin, go to your aunt, and fetch the prisoners dead or alive." When the Earl of Arundel arrived at the town where the Earl of Huntingdon was taken, he found there his aunt, and eight thousand or more of the villeins of the country, before whom his aunt had led forth the Earl of Huntingdon to put him to death; and there was not one of the villeins present who did not take compassion on him.

Note 1. Joan, widow of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford, Lord Constable of England, mother of Mary de Bohun, the first wife of Henry IV, who died in 1394. This extraordinary woman, sister to the Earl of Arundel executed by Richard [aged 33], and to the Archbishop of Canterbury [aged 47] whom he had banished, and mother to Aleanora Duchess of Gloucester, was completely identified by all the ties of relationship with Henry and his party. Imbued with the feelings of chivalry, she, like our Queen Philippa, the Countess of Salisbury, and some others, was equal, in case of emergency, to daring exploits at the heads of armies. (See Froissart, i. 77, 81, 134,137, 139.) Humanity, in its nobler meauing, was, however, without the circle of the sympathies of chivalry. She appears to have acted a mother's part to Henry's children after they had lost their natural protector. Henry V. bequeathed to Thomas Bishop of Durham 'the missal and portophoriuin which we had of the gift of our dear grandmother the Countess of Hereford.' He also bequeathed her 'a gold cyphus.' But she did not survive him. She died on the 7th of April 1416. [Note. Most sources give her death in 1419.]

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Accounts and Extracts. 16th January 1400. The earl of Huntingdon [aged 48], the king's [half] brother, fled into the county of Essex; but passing through a small village belonging to the countess of Hereford [aged 53], sister to the late earl of Arundel, he was known and arrested. The countess sent news of it to king Henry, desiring him to send her the young earl of Arundel [aged 18], her nephew, that he might enjoy the vengeance she was going to take on the man to whose counsels she principally attributed the death of her brother; which, it appears, she should rather have imputed to the treachery of the earl of Nottingham. The young Arundel hastened thither, and loaded Huntingdon with reproaches. The countess had assembled her vassals, to the number of eight thousand, and delivered to them the earl of Huntingdon in chains, ordering them to cut him in pieces. The unfortunate man entreated for mercy, alledging, that he had never done them any injury; and all took great pity on him except the countess (of Hereford) and the earl of Arundel. The countess flew into a passion, exclaiming, "Curse on you all, villains! you have not the courage to put a man to death."

An esquire offering himself for this purpose, advanced with his hatchet in his hand; but he was so touched with the tender complaints of Huntingdon, that be trembled for fear, and returned to the countess with tears, saying, "Madam, I would not put the duke to death for all the gold in the world." — "Then," said she, "do what thou hast promised, or thy own head shall be cut off." When he heard this, he was so afraid, that he knew not what to do, and faid, "Sir, I entreat your pardon; forgive me your death." He then lifted his hatchet, and struck him so hard on the shoulder, that he made him fall with his face to the ground: The noble duke (Huntingdon had been created duke of Exeter by Richard) leaped on his feet, saying, "Alas, man! why do you treat me thus? For God's fake, kill me more easily." He then gave him eight blows on the shoulder, for he could neither hit his neck or his head; the ninth stroke was in the neck: and the worthy duke, brother to the noble king Richard, spoke yet, saying, "Alas, dear friend! have pity on me, and free me from my pain." The executioner then cut his throat with a knife, to separate his head from his body; and in this manner was the noble duke put to death.'

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Annals of Kings Richard II and Henry IV. The Earl of Huntingdon, Lord John Holland [aged 48], who had formerly been called Duke of Exeter, did not ride with the aforesaid earls to Windsor Castle on the day when they had planned to kill the king. Instead, hiding in London, he waited for the outcome of the affair. If it had turned out according to their wishes, he was ready, as was said, to meet them and bring help, with a great number of armed men. But as soon as he learned that it had turned out the other way, he tried to flee in a boat. Yet he who commands the winds and the sea stirred up a wind against him, so swollen and so contrary to him, that he was in no way able to escape by the Thames. Therefore, carried by a very swift horse, he fled into Essex, to Hadleigh Castle [Map], where the Earl of Oxford, Aubrey de Vere [aged 62]1, was staying with his wife, the Countess of Oxford. But he could not hide there for long, because his pursuers were searching everywhere for him. So, secretly leaving the castle, he came to a certain mill, followed by a certain knight, John Schevele, whom fortune had raised within a few years from a groom to high rank. There he hid himself for two days, trying to see whether he could somehow, by fleeing over the sea, escape the wrath of the Lord. But as often as he tried to climb aboard the deep sea, so often, driven back by the force of the winds, he was compelled to return to the shore, until, altogether despairing of help from the sea, he gave up his earlier plan. Returning inland, therefore, he came by night to the house of a certain esquire known to him, namely John Prittlewell. While he was there at supper, many men of the country came upon him, suddenly seized him, and led him to the town of Chelmsford, where they judged that, by the will of the commons, he should be condemned to a most shameful death. When he had arrived there, through the intervention of the Lady Countess of Hereford [aged 53]2, he was saved for the moment, and was led to the stronghold of Pleshey [Map], to be guarded by the lady’s household, but to be handed back through the commons. When he had been kept there for several days, the people of Essex gathered from all the surrounding villages and surrounded the fortress in which he was being kept, as though besieging it. At last they all pressed toward this end, that he should be brought out and, as a traitor to kings, be beheaded in the same place where their lord, the Duke of Gloucester, when he had come to meet King Richard in procession and peacefully, had been arrested by that same king.

Comes Huntyngdoniæ, Dominus Johannes Holond, qui prius "Dux Excestriæ" vocabatur, non equitavit cum prædictis Comitibus ad Castrum de Wyndeshore, die quo meditati fuerant peremisse Regem; sed, latens Londoniis, expectavit rei finem, quæ si juxta [vota] cessisset cisdem, paratus fuit, ut dicebatur, ad oceurrendum eis, et auxilia ferre, cum magno numero armatorum. Sed mox ut cognovit versum in contrarium, in scapha fugere nitebatur. Qui veto ventis et mari imperat, ventum contrarium sibi, tam turgidum, tam contrarium sibi, concitavit, ut nullo tnodo per Tamisiam fugere prævaleret. Quamobrem vectus equo velocissimo, fugit in Estsexiam, ad Castrum de. Hadle, ubi morabatur Comes Oxoniæ, Albredus de Veer, cum uxore sua, Oxoniæ Comitissa. Sed ibi diu lafere non potuit, propter persecutores, qui propter eum omnia serutabantur. Egressus igitur latenter a castro, venit ad quoddam molendinum, sequente eum milite quodam, Johanne de Schevele, quem de garcione fortuna produxerat ad ardu [....] paucis annis. Ibi igitur occultavit se biduo, tentans si quomodo posset, per mare fugiendo, iram Domini declinare. Sed quotiens tentavit alta ponti conscendere, totiens vi ventorum repulsus, cogebatur littus repetere; donec omnino desperans de maris suffragio, destitit a proposito præconcepto. Regressus in terram igitur venit ad domum noctu cujusdam armigeri sibi noti, scilicet, Johannis de Prytwelle; ubi dum esset in cœna, supervenerunt multi de patria, qui repente rapuerunt et duxerunt ad villam de Chelmesford, in qua censuerunt eum, arbitrio communium, morti turpissimæ judicandum. Quo cum pervenisset, interventu Dominæ Comitissæ de Hereford, salvatus est ad horam, et ductus ad fortalicium de Plesshi, servandus per familiares dominæ, sed mediante communibus restituendus. Cumque custodiretur ibi per dies aliquot, Orientales Saxones confluxerunt de cunctis villis cireumjacentibus, et munitionem in qua servabatur, velut obsidendo, circumsederunt; et tandem ad hunce finem intenderunt omnes, ut produceretur, et, velut Regum proditor, in eodem loco decapitaretur, in quo dominus eorundem, Dux Gloucestriæ, dum occurrisset Regi Ricardo processionaliter et pacifice, per eundem Regem fuerat arestatus.

Note 1. Aubrey de Vere, 1338-1400, 10th Earl of Oxford. He married Alice Fitzwalter, who died in 1401.

Note 2. Joan Fitzalan, 1347-1419, widow of Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Essex and Northampton.

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Before August 1401 Robert Goushill and [her niece] Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 35] were married. She the daughter of [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and [her former sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey.

Before 9th August 1404 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby [aged 34] and [her niece] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 24] were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. She the daughter of [her former brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 54]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 26th November 1405 [her nephew] Thomas Fitzalan 10th Earl of Surrey 5th or 12th Earl of Arundel [aged 24] and Beatrice Aviz Duchess Exeter [aged 23] were married. [her former son-in-law] King Henry IV of England [aged 38] and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England [aged 35] were present at their wedding feast. She the illegitmate daughter of King John I of Portugal [aged 53] and Ines Peres. He the son of [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and [her former sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey. They were half fourth cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England.

On 24th January 1407 [her nephew] Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent [aged 23] and Lucia Visconti Countess Kent [aged 27] were married at Southwark Cathedral [Map]. She by marriage Countess Kent. He was killed eighteen month's later at the Battle of Île de Bréhat. He the son of [her former brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 57].

After 6th September 1410 Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham [aged 37] and [her niece] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 30] were married. She by marriage Baroness Scrope of Masham. She the daughter of [her former brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [aged 60]. They were fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

Before 18th April 1411 Gerard Usflete and [her niece] Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 45] were married. She the daughter of [her brother] Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and [her former sister-in-law] Elizabeth Bohun Countess Arundel and Surrey.

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Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough

A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'

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Before 27th April 1416 Henry Bromflete 1st Baron Vesci [aged 27] and [her niece] Joan Holland Duchess York [aged 36] were married. She the daughter of [her former brother-in-law] Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and [her sister] Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent [deceased]. They were half fifth cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 7th April 1419 Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton [aged 72] died. She was buried at Waldon Priory and Abbey [Map].

Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 1347-1419

Kings Wessex: Great x 9 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 7 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 8 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 7 Grand Daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 3 Grand Daughter of King Louis VIII of France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 13 Grand Daughter of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 5 Grand Daughter of Alfonso II King Aragon

Royal Descendants of Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 1347-1419
Number after indicates the number of unique routes of descent. Descendants of Kings and Queens not included.

King Henry V of England [1]

Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Denmark [1]

George Wharton [1]

Brigadier-General Charles Fitz-Clarence [9]

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom [34]

Queen Consort Camilla Shand [6]

Diana Spencer Princess Wales [62]

Ancestors of Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 1347-1419

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Fitzalan

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Fitzalan 6th Earl of Arundel 4 x Great Grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel D'Aubigny 3 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Fitzalan 7th Earl of Arundel 5 x Great Grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald Butler

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Verdun Countess Arundel

Great x 4 Grandmother: Rohesia Verdun

Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel 3 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ralph Mortimer

Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gwladus verch Llewelyn "Dark Eyed" Aberffraw Granddaughter of King John of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Mortimer Countess Arundel 2 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William de Braose 9th Baron Abergavenny 7th Baron Bramber 7 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud de Braose 7 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eva Marshal 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Grandfather: Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel 4 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Manfred III Marquess Saluzzo

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas I Marquess Saluzzo 5 x Great Grandson of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Amadeus Savoy IV Count Savoy 13 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Marchioness of Saluzzo 4 x Great Granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Burgundy Countess Savoy 3 x Great Granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Alice Saluzzo Countess Arundel 6 x Great Granddaughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Father: Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey 5 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hamelin Warenne Earl of Surrey 10 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Warenne 5th Earl of Surrey 5 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Warenne Countess Boulogne 4th Countess of Surrey 4 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Warenne 6th Earl of Surrey 6 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke

Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Marshal Countess Norfolk and Surrey 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 1 Grandfather: William Warenne 7 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandmother: Alice Lusignan Countess of Surrey 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Aymer I Count Angoulême 12 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême 4 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Grandmother: Alice Warenne Countess Arundel 8 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert de Vere 3rd Earl of Oxford

Great x 3 Grandfather: Hugh de Vere 4th Earl of Oxford

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel de Bolebec Countess of Oxford

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert de Vere 5th Earl of Oxford 7 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Saer Quincy 1st Earl Winchester 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 3 Grandmother: Hawise Quincy Countess Oxford 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Beaumont Countess Winchester 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Vere 8 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandmother: Alice Sanford Countess of Oxford

Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King John of England son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England 4 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry III of England son of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Aymer I Count Angoulême 12 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême 4 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 1 Grandfather: Edmund "Crouchback" 1st Earl of Leicester and Lancaster son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso Barcelona II Count Provence son of Alfonso II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Raymond IV Count Provence Grandson of Alfonso II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence

Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England Great Granddaughter of Alfonso II King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Savoy I Count Savoy 12 x Great Grandson of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence 13 x Great Granddaughter of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Geneva Countess Savoy

Grandfather: Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster Grandson of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip II of France 2 x Great Grandson of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Louis VIII of France son of King Philip II of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabelle Flanders Queen Consort France 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Capet Count of Artois son of King Louis VIII of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso VIII King Castile Grandson of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Great x 3 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre Granddaughter of King Louis VIII of France

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Reginar VIII Duke Lower Lorraine I Duke Brabant 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward "Elder" of the Anglo Saxons

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Reginar II Duke Brabant Great Grandson of King Stephen I England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Metz Granddaughter of King Stephen I England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Stephen I England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip Swabia

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Swabia Duchess Brabant

Mother: Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey Great Granddaughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth

Great x 1 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth

Grandmother: Maud Chaworth 9 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Walter Beauchamp 7 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Beauchamp 8 x Great Grandson of Maredudd ab Owain King Deheubarth King Powys King Gwynedd

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Mortimer

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Beauchamp 9th Earl Warwick 7 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Maudit

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel Maudit 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Beaumont 5 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 1 Grandmother: Isabella Beauchamp 8 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Geoffrey Fitzpeter 1st Earl Essex

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Fitzgeoffrey

Great x 4 Grandmother: Aveline Clare Countess Essex

Great x 2 Grandmother: Maud Fitzjohn Countess Warwick 8 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandfather: Hugh Bigod 3rd Earl Norfolk 6 x Great Grandson of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 3 Grandmother: Isabel Bigod 7 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Marshal Countess Norfolk and Surrey 6 x Great Granddaughter of Hugh I King of the Franks