Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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Earldoms of England Chronologically is in Earldoms of England.
1301 Edward II Created Prince of Wales
1328 Roger Mortimer created Earl of March
1377 Coronation of King Richard II
1397 Legitimation of the Beauforts
1397 Richard II Rewards his Supporters
1414 Henry V awards his brothers Dukedoms
1483 Richard III Rewards his Supporters
1483 Edward of Middleham created Prince of Wales
1504 Henry Tudor created Prince of Wales
1514 Creation and Re-creation of Peerages
1525 Knighting of Henry Fitzroy
1529 Henry VIII Creates New Peerages
1537 Birth and Christening Edward VI
18 Apr 1540 Thomas Cromwell created Earl of Essex and Great Chamberlain
1551 Edward VI's 14th Birthday
1605 Marriage of Philip Herbert and Susan Howard
1610 Prince Henry invested as Prince of Wales and Earl Chester
1660 July Creation of Peerages
1689 Coronation William III and Mary II
1690 Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven
Before 1020 Godwin 1st Earl Kent and Wessex [aged 18] was created 1st Earl Wessex.
In 1020 Godwin 1st Earl Kent and Wessex [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Kent.
In 1043 Sweyn Godwinson 1st Earl Hereford [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
In 1052 Ralph "The Timid" 1st Earl of Hereford was created 1st Earl Hereford.
In 1058 King Harold II of England [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
In 1065 Waltheof Northumbria 1st Earl of Northampton 1st Earl Huntingdon was created 1st Earl of Northampton.
Around 1066 Ralph "Staller" Gael 1st Earl East Anglia [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Norfolk and Suffolk aka East Anglia.
After 1066 Odo Blois Count Troyes, Champagne and Aumale and 1st Earl Holderness [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Holderness Feudal. There is some confusion around this creation. His wife, Adelaide Normandy Countess Troyes and Meaux Champagne Aumale Ponthieu [aged 36] may have been created Countess of Holderness with Odo holding it by right of his wife.
In 1067 William Fitzosbern 1st Earl Hereford [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
In 1067 Bishop Odo of Bayeux was created 1st Earl Kent.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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In 1070 Bishop Osmund 1st Earl Dorset was created 1st Earl Dorset.
Around 1071 Hugh of Avranches 1st Earl Chester [aged 24] was created 1st Earl Chester.
In 1071 Waltheof Northumbria 1st Earl of Northampton 1st Earl Huntingdon was created 1st Earl Huntingdon.
In November 1071 Roger "The Great" Montgomery 1st Earl of Shrewsbury was created 1st Earl of Shrewsbury 1C 1071. Adelaide du Puiset Countess Shrewsbury by marriage Countess of Shrewsbury.
In 1072 Brian Penthièvre 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 32] was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
In 1072 Robert Mortain Count Mortain 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
In 1080 Robert de Mowbray 1st Earl Northumbria was created 1st Earl of Northumberland Feudal Creation.
In 1088 Henry Beaumont 1st Earl Warwick [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Warwick.
Around March 1088 William Warenne 1st Earl of Surrey was created 1st Earl Surrey. Gundred Countess of Surrey by marriage Countess Surrey.
In 1097 Walter Giffard 1st Earl Buckingham was created 1st Earl Buckingham.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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In 1107 Robert Beaumont 1st Earl of Leicester Count Meulan [aged 67] was created 1st Earl of Leicester.
In 1121 Robert Normandy 1st Earl Gloucester [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Gloucester.
In 1127 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Albemarle 1C 1127.
In 1136 Alan "Black" Penthièvre 1st Earl Richmond [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
In 1138 Gilbert de Clare 1st Earl Hertford [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Hertford.
In 1138 Gilbert de Clare 1st Earl Pembroke [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Pembroke by King Stephen I England [aged 44] leading to doubt as to its authenticity when King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England [aged 4] ascended the throne.
In 1138 Waleran Beaumont 1st Earl of Worcester Count Meulan [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Worcester.
In 1138 Hugh Beaumont [aged 32] was created 1st Earl Bedford. There is some doubt as to whether this creation existed.
After 22nd August 1138 Robert Ferrers 1st Earl of Derby [aged 76] was created 1st Earl Derby for his role at the Battle of the Standard; see Chronicle of John Prior of Hexham. Hawise de Vitre Countess Derby [aged 69] by marriage Countess Derby.
After 22nd August 1138 William of Blois 1st Earl Albemarle 1st Earl York [aged 37] was created 1st Earl York for his role at the Battle of the Standard; see Chronicle of John Prior of Hexham.
In 1139 Henry Dunkeld 3rd Earl Huntingdon 1st Earl of Northumbria [aged 25] was created 1st Earl of Northumbria. Ada Warenne Countess Huntingdon and Northumbria [aged 19] by marriage Countess of Northumbria.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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In 1139, in reward for his service, Harvey Le Breton 1st Earl of Wiltshire [aged 29] and Sybilla were married. At the same time he was created 1st Earl Wiltshire. She the illegitmate daughter of King Stephen I England [aged 45].
In 1139 Geoffrey Mandeville 1st Earl Essex was created 1st Earl Essex. Rohese Vere Countess Essex and Hertford [aged 29] by marriage Countess Essex.
In 1141 Baldwin de Redvers 1st Earl Devon was created 1st Earl Devon.
In 1141 William Ypres 1st Earl Kent [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Kent.
In 1141 William Mohun 1st Earl of Somerset [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Somerset for life by Empress Matilda [aged 38].
In 1141 Reginald de Dunstanville Fitzroy 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
In 1141 Aubrey de Vere 1st Earl of Oxford [aged 26] was created 1st Earl of Oxford.
Around 1141 Patrick of Salisbury 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Salisbury.
In 1141 Hugh Bigod 1st Earl Norfolk [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Norfolk. Gundred Beaumont Countess Norfolk [aged 6] by marriage Countess Norfolk.
In 1141 Miles Gloucester 1st Earl Hereford was created 1st Earl Hereford. Sibyl Neufmarché Countess Hereford [aged 41] by marriage Countess Hereford.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 1143 William D'Aubigny 1st Earl Lincoln 1st Earl of Arundel [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Lincoln, 1st Earl Arundel. Adeliza of Louvain Queen Consort England [aged 40] by marriage Countess Lincoln, Countess Arundel.
After 1143 William Roumare 1st Earl Lincoln [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Lincoln by King Stephen I England [aged 49].
Around 1149 Gilbert Gaunt 1st Earl Lincoln [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Lincoln. Rohese Clare Countess Lincoln by marriage Countess Lincoln.
In 1199 Geoffrey Fitzpeter 1st Earl Essex [aged 37] was created 1st Earl Essex.
In 1199 William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke [aged 53] was created 1st Earl Pembroke.
In 1199 Henry Bohun 1st Earl Hereford [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Hereford.
In 1207 Saer Quincy 1st Earl Winchester [aged 37] was created 1st Earl Winchester. Margaret Beaumont Countess Winchester by marriage Countess Winchester.
On 23rd May 1217 Ranulf de Blondeville Gernon 6th Earl Chester 1st Earl Lincoln [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Lincoln.
In 1218 Peter of Dreux aka Mauclerc Duke Brittany [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
In 1225 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 15] was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1227 Hubert de Burgh Count Mortain 1st Earl Kent [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Kent.
In 1239 Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Essex. Matilda Lusignan Countess Hereford and Essex [aged 29] by marriage Countess Essex.
In April 1240 Peter of Savoy 1st Earl of Richmond [aged 37] was created 1st Earl Richmond although he never used the title. He had been granted the honour of Richmond rather than the Earldom.
In 1247 William de Valence 1st Earl Pembroke was created 1st Earl Pembroke. Joan Munchensi Countess Pembroke [aged 17] by marriage Countess Pembroke.
In 1264 Simon de Montfort 6th Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Chester [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Chester. It isn't clear whether this creation took place before or after the Battle of Northampton or the Battle of Lewes.
On 25th October 1265 Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster [aged 20] was created 1st Earl of Leicester.
In 1267 Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster [aged 21] was created 1st Earl Lancaster.
In August 1297 Ralph Monthermer 1st Earl of Gloucester and Hertford [aged 27] was created 1st Earl Gloucester, 1st Earl Hertford. There is some uncertainty as to whether these creations existed, or were created for life only, since they do appear to have been inherited, or whether there is confusion around his having been married to Joan of Acre Countess Gloucester and Hertford [aged 25], the widow of the seventh Earl of the first creation Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford.
On 7th February 1301 King Edward II of England [aged 16] was created Prince of Wales by his father King Edward I of England [aged 61]; the first English heir to receive the title. He was created 1st Earl Chester the same day.
On 6th August 1307 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Cornwall by King Edward II of England [aged 23]; Earl Cornwall usually reserved for the heir. The earldom gave Gaveston substantial landholdings over great parts of England, to the value of £4,000 a year. These possessions consisted of most of Cornwall, as well as parts of Devonshire in the south-west, land in Berkshire and Oxfordshire centred on the honour of Wallingford, most of the eastern part of Lincolnshire, and the honour of Knaresborough in Yorkshire, with the territories that belonged to it.
In 1312 Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl Norfolk [aged 11] was created 1st Earl Norfolk.
In 1321 Edmund of Woodstock 1st Earl Kent [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Kent.
On 25th March 1322 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Carlisle in reward for his capture of Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, Earl of Salisbury and Lincoln [deceased] at the Battle of Boroughbridge.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 10th May 1322 Hugh "Elder" Despencer 1st Earl Winchester [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Winchester.
In October 1328 Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March [aged 41] was created 1st Earl March by his own authority to the surprise, perhaps astonishment, of the nobility who compared his behaviour as similar to the usurped Edward II.
In 1330 John of Eltham 1st Earl Cornwall [aged 13] was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
In 1335 Hugh Courtenay 1st or 9th Earl Devon [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Devon. Some regard this as a restoration of the previous Earldom of Devon. Agnes St John Countess Devon [aged 60] by marriage Countess Devon.
In 1337 Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 27] was created 1st Earl Lincoln. Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster [aged 17] by marriage Countess Lincoln.
In January 1337 King Edward III of England [aged 24] created a number of new Earldom's probably in preparation for his forthcoming war against France...
William Montagu 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Salisbury. Catherine Grandison Countess of Salisbury [aged 33] by marriage Countess Salisbury.
William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 27] was created 1st Earl of Northampton. Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton [aged 24] by marriage Countess of Northampton.
Hugh Audley 1st Earl Gloucester [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Gloucester probably as compensation for his daughter Margaret Audley Countess Stafford [aged 19] having been abducted by Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford [aged 35].
Robert Ufford 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Suffolk. Margaret Norwich Countess Suffolk [aged 51] by marriage Countess Suffolk.
On 16th March 1337 William Clinton 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 33] was created 1st Earl Huntingdon. Juliana Leybourne Countess Huntingdon [aged 34] by marriage Countess Huntingdon.
On 12th October 1339 Laurence Hastings 1st Earl Pembroke [aged 20] was created 1st Earl Pembroke. Agnes Mortimer Countess of Pembroke [aged 22] by marriage Countess Pembroke.
In 1340 William Jülich V Duke Jülich [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Cambridge. The creation somewhat vague; he was the brother-in-law of King Edward III of England [aged 27]; his wife Joanna Hainaut Duchess Guelders [aged 25] was the sister of Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England [aged 29].
After 30th April 1341 Robert III Artois [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
In 1349 Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Derby. Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster [aged 29] by marriage Countess Derby.
In 1351 Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 41] was created 1st Duke Lancaster by King Edward III of England [aged 38]. Isabel Beaumont Duchess Lancaster [aged 31] by marriage Duchess Lancaster.
Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 12] was created 1st Earl of Ulster.
John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster [aged 10] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
Ralph Stafford 1st Earl Stafford [aged 49] was created 1st Earl Stafford.
In 1352 Thomas Holland 1st Earl Kent [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Kent, 1st Baron Holand.
In 1362 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York [aged 20] was created 1st Earl Cambridge.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1366 Enguerrand de Coucy 1st Earl Bedford 1st Count Soissons [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Bedford. Isabella Countess Bedford and Soissons [aged 33] by marriage Countess Bedford.
In 1376 Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 20] was created 1st Earl Essex. Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 10] by marriage Countess Essex.
In 1377 Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [aged 21] was created 1st Earl Buckingham. Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester [aged 11] by marriage Countess Buckingham.
In 1377 Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland [aged 35] was created 1st Earl of Northumberland.
On 16th July 1377 King Richard II of England [aged 10] was crowned II King of England at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Archbishop Simon Sudbury [aged 61].
Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [aged 31] carried the Crown.
Guichard d'Angle 1st Earl Huntingdon was created 1st Earl Huntingdon for life.
John Mowbray 1st Earl Nottingham [aged 11] was created 1st Earl Nottingham.
Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle [aged 4] and Robert Harrington 3rd Baron Harington [aged 21] were knighted.
Roger Scales 4th Baron Scales [aged 23] attended.
On 12th February 1383 Thomas Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 14] was created 1st Earl Nottingham.
In 1385 Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Suffolk. Katherine Wingfield Countess Suffolk [aged 45] by marriage Countess Suffolk.
In 1388 John Holland 1st Duke Exeter [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Huntingdon. Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter [aged 24] by marriage Countess Huntingdon.
On 25th February 1390 Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle [aged 17] was created 1st Earl of Rutland. Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork [aged 17] by marriage Countess of Rutland.
In 1397 William Scrope 1st Earl Wiltshire [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire. Isabel Russell Countess Wiltshire by marriage Countess Wiltshire.
In 1397 Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Worcester.
Parliament Rolls Richard II. 30. Also, on the Saturday [10 February 1397], the chancellor [aged 53] announced by the king's [aged 30] command that reason willed that one should honour and enhance the estate of worthy and virtuous persons. Wherefore the king considering the nobility and virtue of his cousin Sir John Beaufort [aged 24], son of his uncle of Guyenne and Lancaster [aged 56], and the great honour he had done his person on various expeditions and labours in many kingdoms and lands overseas, to the great honour of the king and kingdom; and also to encourage him and others to do such honour; and also to strengthen the royal sceptre which could best be supported in honour by worthy and valiant persons had, of his royal dignity and special grace, made and created the said John an earl, and given him the name and honour of the Earl of Somerset, to have to him and his male heirs lawfully engendered of his body, with twenty pounds a year to be taken from the issues and profits of the county of Somerset for his title and the name of earl.
Note. On 10th February 1397 John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset was created 1st Earl Somerset
On 29th September 1397 King Richard II [aged 30] rewarded his relations with Dukedoms, possibly for their part in downfall of Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester [deceased], Thomas Beauchamp 12th Earl Warwick [aged 59] and Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl of Surrey 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel [deceased]...
His older half-brother John Holland 1st Duke Exeter [aged 45] was created 1st Duke Exeter. Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter [aged 34] by marriage Duchess Exeter.
His nephew Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey [aged 23] was created 1st Duke Surrey.
His first cousin once-removed Margaret was created 1st Duchess Norfolk - for life only. On the same day her grandson Thomas [aged 29] was also created Duke of Norfolk - see below.
His second cousin once removed Thomas Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk was created 1st Duke Norfolk. Elizabeth Fitzalan Duchess Norfolk [aged 31] by marriage Duchess Norfolk.
His first cousin Edward 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle [aged 24] was created 1st Duke Albemarle. Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork [aged 24] by marriage Duchess Albemarle.
His illegitimate first cousin John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset [aged 24] was created 1st Marquess Somerset, 1st Marquess Dorset. Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence [aged 12] by marriage Marchioness Somerset, Marchioness Dorset.
Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 33] was created 1st Earl of Westmoreland. Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland [aged 18] by marriage Countess of Westmoreland.
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The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 29th September 1397 Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester [aged 24] was created 1st Earl Gloucester. Constance York Countess Gloucester [aged 23] by marriage Countess Gloucester.
On 5th July 1411 Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Dorset. Margaret Neville Countess Dorest [aged 27] by marriage Countess Dorset.
On 24th November 1413 John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 24] was created 1st Earl Richmond.
In 1414 Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge [aged 28] was created 1st Earl Cambridge. Maud Clifford Countess Cambridge [aged 25] by marriage Countess Cambridge.
On 16th May 1414 King Henry V of England [aged 27] created Dukedoms for his two brothers:
Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester [aged 23] was created 1st Duke Gloucester, 1st Earl Pembroke.
John Lancaster 1st Duke Bedford [aged 24] was created 1st Duke Bedford, 1st Earl Kendal.
In 1418 John Grey 1st Earl Tankerville [aged 33] was created 1st Earl Tankerville.
In 1421 Richard Beauchamp 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 25] was created 1st Earl Worcester. Isabel Despencer Countess Warwick and Worcester [aged 20] by marriage Countess Worcester.
In August 1441 Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Dorset. Eleanor Beauchamp Duchess Somerset [aged 32] by marriage Countess Dorset. The date possibly 1441.
In 1442 John "Old Talbot" Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury [aged 59] was created 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and 1st Earl Waterford. Margaret Beauchamp Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford [aged 38] by marriage Countess of Shrewsbury Countess Waterford.
On 28th August 1443 John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset [aged 40] was created 1st Duke Somerset, 1st Earl Kendal by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 21]. Margaret Beauchamp Duchess Somerset [aged 33] by marriage Duchess Somerset.
In 1446 Edmund York 1st Earl of Rutland [aged 2] was created 1st Earl of Rutland by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 24].
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1446 John Foix 1st Earl Kendal [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Kendal. Margaret Kerdeston Countess Foix [aged 20] by marriage Countess Foix.
In 1447 William "Jackanapes" de la Pole 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Pembroke. Alice Chaucer Duchess Suffolk [aged 43] by marriage Countess Pembroke.
In 1449 James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde [aged 28] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire.
On 16th July 1449 John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Worcester. Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick [aged 25] by marriage Countess Worcester. It isn't clear why he was he was created Earl at such a young age. His father John Tiptoft 1st Baron Tiptoft had died six years earlier so he had inherited Baron Tiptoft. His mother Joyce Charleton Baroness Tiptoft had died three years earlier when he was eighteen. In 1449 he married Cecily Neville Duchess Warwick daughter of the influential Richard Neville Earl Salisbury [aged 49]. His earldom may have been a consequence of this marriage.
On 15th December 1449 Edmund Tudor [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Richmond by King Henry VI of England and II of France [aged 28].
In 1451 John Mowbray 4th Duke of Norfolk [aged 6] was created 1st Earl Surrey.
On 25th November 1452 Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford [aged 21] was created 1st Earl Pembroke.
In or after 1461 George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 11] was created 1st Earl Richmond. The seventh creation was still extant being held by King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 3] which was not recognised by the House of York.
On 31st October 1461 King Edward IV of England [aged 19] created his brother Richard [aged 9] 1st Duke Gloucester. Henry Bourchier [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Essex. Isabel of York [aged 52] by marriage Countess Essex. William Neville [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Kent. Joan Fauconberg [aged 55] by marriage Countess Kent.
On 27th May 1464 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu [aged 33] was created 1st Earl of Northumberland as a reward for successfully suppressing the Lancastrian resistance in the North. The Earldom of Northumberland traditionally held by the Percy family with whom the Neville family had been feuding for generations.
On 30th May 1465 Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent [aged 48] was created 1st Earl Kent.
Before March 1466 Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Rivers by King Edward IV of England [aged 23].
On 13th May 1467 John de la Pole Earl Lincoln 1st [aged 5] was created 1st Earl Lincoln by King Edward IV of England [aged 25].
On 27th May 1468 William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Pembroke.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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On 7th May 1469 Humphrey Stafford 1st Earl Devon [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Devon. See Warkworth Note 4.
On 5th January 1470 John Stafford 1st Earl Wiltshire [aged 42] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire. See Warkworth Note 5.
On 14th August 1471 Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset [aged 16] was created 1st Earl Huntingdon.
In 1472 Louis de Bruges 1st Earl of Winchester [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Winchester.
In 1472 George York 1st Duke of Clarence [aged 22] was created 1st Earl Salisbury.
Around 1473 King Edward V of England [aged 2] was created 1st Earl March.
On 12th June 1476 Richard of Shrewsbury 1st Duke of York [aged 2] was created 1st Earl Nottingham by King Edward IV of England [aged 34].
On 7th February 1477 Richard of Shrewsbury 1st Duke of York [aged 3] was created 1st Duke Norfolk, 1st Earl Norfolk by his father King Edward IV of England [aged 34] in preparation for his marriage to Anne Mowbray 8th Countess Norfolk [aged 4]. She, Anne, being daughter of the last Duke of Norfolk of the 1st Creation John Mowbray 4th Duke of Norfolk.
Patent Rolls. 15th February 1478. Charter to the king's nephew Edward Plantagenet [aged 4], first-born son of the said duke [aged 25], creating him earl of Salisbury, with remainder to the heirs of his body, and granting to him and his said heirs £20 yearly from the issues of the county of Wilts. Witnesses: Th. cardinal archbishop of Canterbury [aged 60], L. archbishop of York [aged 58], Th. Bishop of Lincoln [aged 54], the chancellor, J. Bishop of Rochester, keeper of the privy seal, Richard, duke of Gloucester, Henry, duke of Buckingham [aged 23], Henry, Earl of Essex [aged 74], treasurer of England, Anthony Earl of Ryvers [aged 38], chief butler of England, and Thomas Stanley of Stanley [aged 43], steward of the household, and William Hastynges of Hastynges [aged 47], chamberlain of the household, knights. By p.s.
In 1479 William Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 27] was compelled to relinquish the Earldom of Pembroke by King Edward IV [aged 36] who gave it to his son.
Edward Prince of Wales [aged 8] was created 1st Earl Pembroke.
In compensation William was created 1st Earl Huntingdon. Mary Woodville Countess Pembroke and Huntingdon [aged 23] by marriage Countess Huntingdon.
On 5th July 1483 John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk [aged 58] was created 1st Duke Norfolk by King Richard III of England [aged 30]. Margaret Chedworth Duchess Norfolk [aged 47] by marriage Duchess Norfolk.
His son Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 40] was created 1st Earl Surrey. Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey [aged 39] by marriage Countess Surrey.
William Berkeley [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Nottingham.
John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk and William Berkeley 1st Marquess Berkeley were heirs to the vast Mowbray estates that had been inherited by Anne Mowbray 8th Countess Norfolk who had been married to Richard of Shrewsbury 1st Duke of York [aged 9]. Richard of Shrewsbury's father King Edward IV of England had legislated that in the event of Anne's death his son Richard would continue to benefit from the inheritance; she died in 1481.
Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell [aged 27] was created 1st Viscount Lovell. Anne Fitzhugh Viscountess Lovell by marriage Viscountess Lovell. [Note. Some sources place his created on 01 Jan 1483 although the source for that is unknown.]
On 8th September 1483 Edward York Prince of Wales [aged 9] was created Prince of Wales and 1st Earl Chester at York Minster [Map]. His parents Richard III [aged 30] and Anne Neville [aged 27] attended as did Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire [aged 13].
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick [aged 8] and John York [aged 12] were knighted.
Note. Hall's Chronicle places the date at 05 Jul 1483.
On Saturday 16th October 1485 Philibert Chandee 1st Earl Bath was created 1st Earl Bath at Tower of London [Map] by King Henry VII of England and Ireland [aged 28] for having supported Henry's claim to the throne.
On 28th October 1485 Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford [aged 53] was created 1st Duke Bedford by Henry VII [aged 28] for having supported Henry's claim to the throne. Catherine Woodville Duchess Buckingham and Bedford [aged 27] by marriage Duchess Bedford.
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl of Derby [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Derby.
Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Devon. It is believed he was restored as 11th Baron Okehampton at the same time?
Reginald Bray [aged 45], John Fitzwalter, Thomas Cokesge, Roger Lewknor, Henry Haydon and John Verney were appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 29th November 1489 Prince Arthur Tudor [aged 3] was created 1st Earl Chester.
On 18th February 1504 Henry VIII [aged 12] was created Prince of Wales and 1st Earl Chester. John Mordaunt 1st Baron Mordaunt [aged 24] was created Knight of the Bath. Richard Empson [aged 54] was knighted.
Anne Boleyn. Her Life as told by Lancelot de Carle's 1536 Letter.
In 1536, two weeks after the execution of Anne Boleyn, her brother George and four others, Lancelot du Carle, wrote an extraordinary letter that described Anne's life, and her trial and execution, to which he was a witness. This book presents a new translation of that letter, with additional material from other contemporary sources such as Letters, Hall's and Wriothesley's Chronicles, the pamphlets of Wynkyn the Worde, the Memorial of George Constantyne, the Portuguese Letter and the Baga de Secrets, all of which are provided in Appendices.
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On 27th January 1510 Henry Stafford 1st Earl Wiltshire [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire. Cecily Bonville Marchioness Dorset [aged 49] by marriage Countess Wiltshire.
On 10th May 1511 William Courtenay 1st Earl Devon [aged 36] was created 1st Earl Devon. He died a month later. Catherine York Countess Devon [aged 31] by marriage Countess Devon.
In 1512 Margaret York aka Pole Countess of Salisbury [aged 38] was created 1st Countess Salisbury. Arguably a restoration of her brother's title, or her father's Earldom.
On 1st February 1514 King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 22] created and re-created two peerages....
Charles Somerset 1st Earl of Worcester [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Worcester.
Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk [aged 71] was restored 2nd Duke Norfolk probably for having secured victory at the Battle of Flodden after which his arms were augmented with an inescutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow. Some documentation describes this as a creation rather than restoration although he is always referred to as 2nd. Agnes Tilney Duchess Norfolk [aged 37] by marriage Duchess Norfolk
On 18th June 1525 Henry Fitzroy [aged 6] was taken by barge to Bridewell Palace [Map] where he was enobled by his father King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 33].
In the morning Henry Fitzroy was created 1st Earl Nottingham.
In the afternoon Henry Fitzroy was created 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset.
Henry Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland [aged 47] carried the Sword of State. Thomas More [aged 47] read the patents of nobility. Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 41], Thomas Grey 2nd Marquess Dorset [aged 47],
Henry Courtenay [aged 29] was created 1st Marquess Exeter. Gertrude Blount Marchioness of Exeter [aged 22] by marriage Marchioness Exeter.
Henry Clifford [aged 32] was created 1st Earl of Cumberland, Warden of the West Marches and Governor of Carlisle Castle.
Thomas Manners [aged 33] was created 1st Earl of Rutland. Eleanor Paston Countess Rutland [aged 30] by marriage Countess of Rutland. He was given the Earldom of Rutland to reflect his descent from Anne York Duchess Exeter sister of the previous Earl of Rutland. At the same time his arms 
Manners Arms were augmented with the 
Manners Augmented Arms
Henry Brandon [aged 2] was created 1st Earl Lincoln.
Robert Radclyffe [aged 42] was created 1st Viscount Fitzwalter.
Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 48] was created 1st Viscount Rochford. Elizabeth Howard Countess of Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 45] by marriage Viscountess Rochford.
Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk [aged 52], William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 49] and John de Vere 14th Earl of Oxford [aged 25] attended.
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On 8th December 1529 King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [aged 38] created three Earldoms...
Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire, 1st Earl Ormonde. Elizabeth Howard Countess of Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 49] by marriage Countess Wiltshire, Countess Ormonde. His mother [aged 75] was the daughter of the last Earl Ormonde Thomas Butler 7th Earl Ormonde.
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon [aged 42] was created 1st Earl Huntingdon. Anne Stafford Countess Huntingdon [aged 46] by marriage Countess Huntingdon.
Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 46] was created 1st Earl of Sussex. Elizabeth Stafford Countess Sussex [aged 50] by marriage Countess of Sussex.
On 9th July 1536 John Bourchier 1st Earl Bath [aged 65] was created 1st Earl Bath. Elizabeth Wentworth Countess Bath [aged 66] by marriage Countess Bath.
On 15th October 1537 the future Edward VI was christened by Bishop John Stokesley [aged 62] at the Chapel Royal in Hampton Court Palace [Map]. Archbishop Thomas Cranmer [aged 48] performed the Baptismal Rites, and was appointed Godfather. Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk [aged 64] and Queen Mary I of England and Ireland [aged 21] were Godparents.
King Edward VI of England and Ireland was created Duke of Cornwall, 1st Earl Chester.
Henry Bourchier 2nd Earl Essex 3rd Count of Eu carried the Salt. Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 53] was Godfather and supported the Marchioness of Exeter. Richard Long [aged 43] was knighted. Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl Essex [aged 52], Philip Boteler [aged 45], John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford [aged 66] and John Gage [aged 57] attended. Mary Scrope [aged 61] carried Lady Mary's train. Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 54] carried a covered basin. Robert Radclyffe 1st Earl of Sussex carried the canopy.
Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset [aged 37] helped his young niece the future Elizabeth I to carry the Crisom. Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess Exeter [aged 41] supported his wife Gertrude Blount Marchioness of Exeter [aged 34] to carry the child. Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl Wiltshire and Ormonde [aged 60] bore a taper of virgin wax. William Fitzalan 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel [aged 61] carried the train of the Prince's robe. Christopher Barker proclaimed the Prince's titles.
Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset was created 1st Earl Hertford.
Nicholas Carew [aged 41], Francis Bryan [aged 47], Anthony Browne [aged 37] and John Russell 1st Earl Bedford [aged 52] surrounded the font.
Henry Knyvet of Charlton Wiltshire [aged 27], Edward Neville [aged 66], Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour [aged 29], Richard Long and John Wallop [aged 47] carried the canopy.
Arthur Hopton [aged 48], Bishop Robert Parfew aka Warton and Bishop John Bell attended.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl of Southampton [aged 47] was created 1st Earl of Southampton. Mabel Clifford Countess Southampton [aged 55] by marriage Countess of Southampton.
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In 1538 Henry Daubeney 1st Earl Bridgewater [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Bridgewater. Catherine Howard Countess Bridgewater [aged 39] by marriage Countess Bridgewater.
On 18th April 1540 Thomas Cromwell [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Essex and appointed Lord Great Chamberlain.
On 23rd December 1543 Henry VIII [aged 52] enobled his new wife's [aged 31] brother [aged 31] and uncle [aged 60] at ceremony in the Presence Chamber, Hampton Court Palace [Map]. Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 26] and Edward Stanley 3rd Earl of Derby [aged 34] were present. Christopher Barker read the Patents.
William Parr 1st Baron Parr of Horton was created 1st Baron Parr of Horton. William was sixty with five daughters. He died four years later at which time the Barony became extinct.
William Parr 1st Marquess Northampton was created 1st Earl Essex. His estranged wife Anne Bourchier 7th Baroness Bourchier [aged 26] was daughter of the last Earl of Essex of the Fifth Creation. A somewhat curious choice given his wife had eloped the year previous year with John Lyngfield, the prior of Tandbridge, Surrey [Map], by whom she had an illegitimate child.
In 1547 John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 43] was created 1st Earl Warwick.
On 16th February 1547, three weeks's after the death of King Henry VIII of England and Ireland [deceased], the new Council promoted themselves...
Thomas Wriothesley 1st Earl of Southampton [aged 41] was created 1st Earl of Southampton in accordance with Henry VIII's will for which he was nominated executor. Jane Cheney Countess Southampton [aged 38] by marriage Countess of Southampton.
Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset [aged 47] was created 1st Duke Somerset. Since he was Protector and head of the Privy Council at the time he effectively created himself Duke. Anne Stanhope Duchess Somerset [aged 50] by marriage Duchess Somerset.
William Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham [aged 32] was created 1st Baron Willoughby Parham. Elizabeth Heneage Baroness Willoughby of Parham [aged 29] by marriage Baroness Willoughby Parham.
On 19th January 1550 John Russell 1st Earl Bedford [aged 65] was created 1st Earl Bedford. Anne Sapcote Countess Bedford [aged 71] by marriage Countess Bedford.
On 19th January 1550 William Paulet 1st Marquess Winchester [aged 67] was created 1st Earl Wiltshire.
11th October 1551, the day before his fourteenth birthday, King Edward VI [aged 13] celebrated at Hampton Court Palace [Map] by rewarding his guardians; it may have been a case of his guardians rewarding themselves.
John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 47] was created 1st Duke Northumberland. Jane Guildford Duchess Northumberland [aged 42] by marriage Duchess Northumberland. His son Henry Dudley [aged 25] was knighted.
Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk [aged 34] was created 1st Duke Suffolk for having married King Edward VI's first cousin Frances Brandon Duchess of Suffolk [aged 34]. Frances Brandon Duchess of Suffolk by marriage Duchess Suffolk.
William Paulet [aged 68] was created 1st Marquess Winchester. Elizabeth Capell Marchioness Winchester by marriage Marchioness Winchester.
His guardian William Herbert [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Pembroke. Anne Parr Countess Pembroke [aged 36] by marriage Countess Pembroke.
Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset [aged 51], the King's uncle attended.
Henry Dudley was knighted at Hampton Court Palace, Richmond [Map].
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On 3rd September 1553 Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Devon. The Earldom was created with a special remainder i.e. to his heirs male forever, rather than to the heirs male of his body, so that on his death in 1556 he was succeeded by his fourth cousin William Courtenay 2nd Earl Devon [aged 24] who was not a descendant of his. The position was not made clear, however, until 1831, when the 9th Earl, William "Kitty" Courtenay 9th Earl Devon claimed the Earldom and became the de facto Earl of Devon.
In 1559 Edward Seymour 1st Earl Hertford [aged 19] was created 1st Earl Hertford, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset.
On 29th September 1564 Robert Dudley 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 32] was created 1st Earl of Leicester.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1572 Edward Clinton 1st Earl Lincoln [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Lincoln. Elizabeth "The Fair Geraldine" Fitzgerald Countess Lincoln [aged 45] by marriage Countess Lincoln.
On 4th May 1572 Walter Devereux 1st Earl Essex [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Essex. Lettice Knollys Countess Essex and Leicester [aged 28] by marriage Countess Essex.
On 22nd October 1597 Charles Howard 1st Earl Nottingham [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Nottingham. Katherine Carey Countess Nottingham [aged 47] by marriage Countess Nottingham.
In 1601 Thomas Cecil 1st Earl Exeter [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Exeter. Dorothy Neville Countess Exeter [aged 53] by marriage Countess Exeter.
In 1603 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Suffolk. Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk [aged 39] by marriage Countess Suffolk.
In 1603 Charles Blount 1st Earl Devonshire [aged 40] was created 1st Earl Devonshire.
In 1604 Thomas Sackville 1st Earl Dorset [aged 68] was created 1st Earl Dorset. Cicely Baker Countess Dorset [aged 69] by marriage Countess Dorset.
On 13th March 1604 Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton [aged 64] was created 1st Earl of Northampton.
In 1605 Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Salisbury.
In 1605 Philip Herbert 4th Earl Pembroke 1st Earl Montgomery [aged 20] was created 1st Earl Montgomery. Susan Vere Countess Montgomery [aged 17] by marriage Countess Montgomery.
On 1st June 1610 Prince Frederick [aged 16] was created Prince of Wales and 1st Earl Chester. Peregrine Bertie [aged 26] was appointed Knight of the Bath.
On 3rd November 1613 Robert Carr 1st Earl Somerset [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Somerset.
On 5th January 1617 George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham [aged 24] was created 1st Earl Buckingham by King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [aged 50]; his favourite.
On 27th May 1617 John Egerton 1st Earl Bridgewater [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Bridgewater. Frances Stanley Countess Bridgewater [aged 34] by marriage Countess Bridgewater.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1618 Robert Sidney 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 54] was created 1st Earl of Leicester. Barbara Gamage Countess Leicester [aged 55] by marriage Countess of Leicester.
In 1618 Robert Rich 1st Earl Warwick [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Warwick. Frances Wray Countess Warwick by marriage Countess Warwick.
In 1618 William Compton 1st Earl of Northampton was created 1st Earl of Northampton. Elizabeth Spencer Countess Northampton [aged 42] by marriage Countess of Northampton.
On 2nd August 1618 William Cavendish 1st Earl Devonshire [aged 65] was created 1st Earl Devonshire, at the Bishop's Palace, Salisbury Cathedral. Elizabeth Boughton Countess Devonshire [aged 50] by marriage Countess Devonshire.
Around 13th August 1618 Mary Beaumont 1st Countess Buckingham [aged 48] was created 1st Countess Buckingham. It appears this title was for life only since her sons did not inherit it?
In 1619 Esmé Stewart 3rd Duke Lennox [aged 40] was created 1st Earl March. Katherine Clifton Duchess Lennox [aged 27] by marriage Countess March.
On 16th June 1619 James Hamilton 2nd Marquess Hamilton [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Cambridge, 1st Baron Innerdale.
On 22nd January 1621 John Ramsay 1st Earl Holderness [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Holderness by King James I [aged 54].
On 28th January 1621 Francis Norreys 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Berkshire, 1st Viscount Thame. Bridget Vere Baroness Norreys Rycote [aged 36] by marriage Countess Berkshire.
In 1622 John Digby 1st Earl Bristol [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Bristol.
In 1622 James Hay 1st Earl Carlisle [aged 42] was created 1st Earl Carlisle. Lucy Percy Countess Carlisle [aged 22] by marriage Countess Carlisle.
In 1622 Lionel Cranfield 1st Earl Middlesex [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Middlesex. Anne Brett Countess Middlesex by marriage Countess Middlesex.
On 14th September 1622 William Feilding 1st Earl Denbigh [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Denbigh. Susan Villiers Countess Denbigh [aged 39] by marriage Countess Denbigh.
In 1623 Ludovic Stewart 2nd Duke Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 48] was created 1st Duke Richmond, 1st Earl Newcastle upon Tyne by King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland [aged 56]. Frances Howard Duchess Lennox and Richmond [aged 44] by marriage Duchess Richmond.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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On 18th April 1623 Christopher Villiers 1st Earl Anglesey [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Anglesey, 1st Baron Villiers of Daventry. Elizabeth Sheldon Countess Anglesey [aged 15] by marriage Countess Anglesey.
In 1624 Henry Rich 1st Earl Holland [aged 33] was created 1st Earl Holland. Isabel Cope Countess Holland by marriage Countess Holland.
On 2nd November 1624 John Holles 1st Earl de Clare [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Clare. Anne Stanhope Countess de Clare [aged 48] by marriage Countess Clare.
On 28th December 1624 Oliver St John 1st Earl Bolingbroke [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Bolingbroke by King James I of Scotland. Elizabeth Paulet Countess Bolingbroke by marriage Countess Bolingbroke.
On 29th December 1624 Francis Fane 1st Earl of Westmoreland [aged 44] was created 1st Earl of Westmoreland, 1st Baron Burghesh in Suffolk. Mary Mildmay Countess of Westmoreland [aged 42] by marriage Countess of Westmoreland.
In 1626 Edmund Sheffield 1st Earl Mulgrave [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Mulgrave. Mariana Irwin Countess Mulgrave by marriage Countess Mulgrave.
In 1626 William Knollys 1st Earl Banbury [aged 82] was created 1st Earl Banbury. Elizabeth Howard Countess Banbury [aged 43] by marriage Countess Banbury.
In 1626 Henry Montagu 1st Earl Manchester [aged 63] was created 1st Earl Manchester. Margaret Crouch Countess Manchester [aged 21] by marriage Countess Manchester.
In 1626 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Cleveland [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Cleveland. Anne Crofts Countess Cleveland by marriage Countess Cleveland.
In 1626 Robert Carey 1st Earl Monmouth [aged 66] was created 1st Earl Monmouth. Elizabeth Trevannion Countess Monmouth [aged 63] by marriage Countess Monmouth.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 5th January 1626 Henry Danvers 1st Earl Danby [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Danby.
On 5th February 1626 James Ley 1st Earl of Marlborough [aged 74] was created 1st Earl Marlborough by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 25]. Jane Boteler Countess Marlborough by marriage Countess Marlborough.
On 5th February 1626 George Carew 1st Earl Totnes [aged 70] was created 1st Earl Totnes. Joyce Clopton Countess Totnes by marriage Countess Totnes.
On 7th February 1626 Thomas Howard 1st Earl Berkshire [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Berkshire. Elizabeth Cecil Countess Berkshire [aged 30] by marriage Countess Berkshire.
On 17th October 1626 Edward Denny 1st Earl Norwich [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Norwich. Mary Cecil Countess Norwich by marriage Countess Norwich.
On 4th November 1626 Thomas Darcy 1st Earl Rivers [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Rivers with a special remainder to his grandson John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers [aged 23]. Mary Kitson Countess Rivers [aged 59] by marriage Countess Rivers.
On 22nd November 1626 Robert Bertie 1st Earl Lindsey [aged 43] was created 1st Earl Lindsey. Elizabeth Montagu Countess Lindsey by marriage Countess Lindsey.
On 19th June 1627 Emanuel Scrope 1st Earl of Sunderland [aged 42] was created 1st Earl of Sunderland.
In July 1627 Mountjoy Blount 1st Earl Newport [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Newport in the Isle of Wight. Anne Boteler Countess Newport and Portland [aged 27] by marriage Countess Newport in the Isle of Wight.
In 1628 Richard Burke 4th Earl Clanricarde 1st Earl St Albans [aged 56] was created 1st Earl St Albans.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
In 1628 Robert Dormer 1st Earl Carnarvon [aged 18] was created 1st Earl Carnarvon. Anne Sophia Herbert Countess Carnarvon by marriage Countess Carnarvon.
In 1628 Elizabeth Heneage 1st Countess Winchelsea [aged 71] was created 1st Countess Winchilsea.
In 1628 Philip Stanhope 1st Earl Chesterfield [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Chesterfield. Catherine Hastings Countess Chesterfield by marriage Countess Chesterfield.
On 25th January 1628 Robert Pierrepont 1st Earl Kingston [aged 43] was created 1st Earl Kingston upon Hull, 1st Viscount Newark. Gertrude Talbot Baroness Pierrepont Holme Pierrepoint [aged 47] by marriage Countess Kingston upon Hull.
In March 1628 Henry Grey 1st Earl Stamford [aged 29] was created 1st Earl Stamford. Anne Cecil Countess Stamford [aged 32] by marriage Countess Stamford.
On 7th March 1628 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Newcastle upon Tyne. Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne [aged 36] by marriage Countess Newcastle upon Tyne.
On 8th March 1628 Henry Carey 1st Earl Dover [aged 48] was created 1st Earl Dover. Judith Pelham Countess Dover [aged 37] by marriage Countess Dover.
On 9th March 1628 John Mordaunt 1st Earl Peterborough was created 1st Earl Peterborough. Elizabeth Howard Countess Peterborough [aged 25] by marriage Countess Peterborough.
On 5th August 1628 Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet [aged 50] was created 1st Earl of Thanet. Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet [aged 47] by marriage Countess of Thanet.
On 17th February 1633 Richard Weston Baron Weston [aged 55] was created 1st Earl of Portland. Frances Waldegrave [aged 55] by marriage Countess of Portland.
On 8th May 1633 John Lindsay 1st Earl Lindsay 17th Earl Crawford [aged 21] was created 1st Earl Lindsay. Margaret Hamilton Countess Lindsay and Crawford [aged 21] by marriage Countess Lindsay.
On 12th January 1640 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Strafford. Elizabeth Rhodes Countess Strafford [aged 34] by marriage Countess Strafford.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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In 1641 Elizabeth Darcy 1st Countess Rivers [aged 60] was created 1st Countess Rivers for life by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 40] since she had been passed over when her father's Earldom Countess Rivers passed from her father to her eldest son John Savage 2nd Earl Rivers [aged 37].
In 1643 Henry Spencer 1st Earl of Sunderland [aged 22] was created 1st Earl of Sunderland. Dorothy Sidney Countess Sunderland [aged 25] by marriage Countess of Sunderland.
In 1644 Francis Leigh 1st Earl Chichester [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Chichester with special remainder to Thomas Wriothesley 4th Earl of Southampton 2nd Earl Chichester [aged 36] who was the husband of his daughter Elizabeth Leigh Countess Southampton [aged 23]. Audrey Boteler Countess Chichester by marriage Countess Chichester.
In 1644 Thomas Howard 14th or 21st Earl of Arundel 4th Earl of Surrey 1st Earl Norfolk [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Norfolk. Alethea Talbot Countess Arundel, Surrey and Norfolk [aged 59] by marriage Countess Norfolk.
In 1644 Thomas Savile 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 53] was created 1st Earl of Sussex. Anne Villiers Countess Sussex by marriage Countess of Sussex.
In 1644 Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland [aged 24] was created 1st Duke Cumberland, 1st Earl Holderness by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 43].
In November 1644 George Goring 1st Earl Norwich [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Norwich by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 14] for his support during the Civil War. The last Earl Norwich of the previous creation was his uncle Edward Denny 1st Earl Norwich brother of his mother Anne Denny [aged 77].
In 1645 Francis Leke 1st Earl Scarsdale [aged 64] was created 1st Earl Scarsdale.
On 10th December 1645 Charles Stewart 6th Duke Lennox 3rd Duke Richmond [aged 6] was created 1st Earl Lichfield, 1st Baron Stuart.
In 1652 Henry Wilmot 1st Earl Rochester [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Rochester. Anne St John Countess Rochester [aged 37] by marriage Countess Rochester.
In 1656 John Middleton 1st Earl Middleton [aged 48] was created 1st Earl Middleton by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 25] whilst in exile. Grizel Durham Countess Middleton by marriage Countess Middleton.
On 13th May 1659 Henry Stewart 1st Duke Gloucester [aged 18] was created 1st Duke Gloucester, 1st Earl Cambridge by King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1660 Katherine Wotton Countess Chesterfield [aged 51] was created 1st Countess Chesterfield.
On 27th April 1660 Henry Jermyn 1st Earl St Albans [aged 55] was created 1st Earl St Albans.
In July 1660 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 30] rewarded those who supported his Restoration...
2nd. Maurice Berkeley 3rd Viscount Fitzhardinge [aged 32] was created 1st Baronet Berkeley of Bruton in Somerset. Anne Lee Viscountess Fitzhardinge [aged 37] by marriage Lady Berkeley of Bruton in Somerset.
4th. Thomas Myddelton 1st Baronet [aged 35] was created 1st Baronet Myddelton of Chirk Castle.
6th. Varney Noel 1st Baronet was created 1st Baronet Noel.
7th. George Monck 1st Duke Albemarle [aged 51] was created 1st Duke Albemarle, 1st Earl Torrington in Devon. Anne Clarges Duchess Albermarle [aged 41] by marriage Duchess Albemarle.
12th. Robert Hales 1st Baronet [aged 50] was created 1st Baronet Hales of Beakesbourne in Kent.
12th. Edward Montagu 1st Earl Sandwich [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Sandwich. Jemima Crew Countess Sandwich [aged 35] by marriage Countess Sandwich.
14th. Elizabeth Feilding Countess Guildford was created 1st Countess Guildford by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. The peerage for life.
18th. Samuel Morland 1st Baronet [aged 35] was created 1st Baronet Morland of Sulhamstead Banister. Susanne de Milleville Lady Morland by marriage Lady Morland of Sulhamstead Banister.
23rd. Henry Vernon 1st Baronet [aged 55] was created 1st Baronet Vernon of Hodnet in Shropshire.
23rd. John Aubrey 1st Baronet [aged 54] was created 1st Baronet Aubrey of Llantrithyd in Glamorganshire.
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On 20th April 1661 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 30] created a number of new Baronets and Peers:
William Morice 1st Baronet [aged 33] was created 1st Baronet Morice of Werrington in Devon. Gertrude Bampfylde Lady Morice by marriage Lady Morice of Werrington in Devon.
John Crew 1st Baron Crew [aged 63] was created 1st Baron Crew of Stene in Northamptonshire. Jemima Waldegrave Baroness Crew [aged 59] by marriage Baroness Crew of Stene in Northamptonshire.
Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Clarendon at Westminster Abbey [Map] on the occasion of the Coronation Charles II. Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon [aged 43] by marriage Countess Clarendon.
Oliver Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Tyrconnel [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Tyrconnel. Eleanore Holles Countess Tyrconnel by marriage Countess Tyrconnel.
John Evelyn's Diary. 22nd April 1661. Was the splendid cavalcade of his Majesty [aged 30] from the Tower of London to Whitehall, when I saw him in the Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace [Map] create six Earls, and as many Barons, viz:
Edward Lord Hyde, Lord Chancellor [aged 52], Earl of Clarendon; supported by the Earls of Northumberland [aged 58] and Sussex [aged 14]; the Earl of Bedford [aged 44] carried the cap and coronet, the Earl of Warwick [aged 46], the sword, the Earl of Newport [aged 64], the mantle.
Next, was Capel, created Earl of Essex.
Brudenell, Cardigan;.
Valentia, Anglesea;.
Greenvill, Bath;.
Howard, Earl of Carlisle.
The Barons were: Denzille Holles; Cornwallis; Booth; Townsend; Cooper; Crew; who were led up by several Peers, with Garter and officers of arms before them; when, after obedience on their several approaches to the throne, their patents were presented by Garter King-at-Arms, which being received by the Lord Chamberlain [aged 59], and delivered to his Majesty, and by him to the Secretary of State, were read, and then again delivered to his Majesty, and by him to the several Lords created; they were then robed, their coronets and collars put on by his Majesty, and they were placed in rank on both sides of the state and throne; but the Barons put off their caps and circles, and held them in their hands, the Earls keeping on their coronets, as cousins to the King.
I spent the rest of the evening in seeing the several archtriumphals built in the streets at several eminent places through which his Majesty was next day to pass, some of which, though temporary, and to stand but one year, were of good invention and architecture, with inscriptions.
Notes:
Arthur Capell 1st Earl Essex [aged 29] was created 1st Earl Essex. Elizabeth Percy Countess Essex [aged 25] by marriage Countess Essex.
Thomas Brudenell 1st Earl Cardigan [aged 78] was created 1st Earl Cardigan. Mary Tresham Countess Cardigan by marriage Countess Cardigan.
Arthur Annesley 1st Earl Annesley [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Anglesey, 1st Baron Annesley Newport Pagnell Buckinghamshire. Elizabeth Altham Countess Anglesey [aged 41] by marriage Countess Anglesey.
John Granville 1st Earl Bath [aged 32] was created 1st Earl Bath, 1st Baron Granville of Kilkhampton and Biddeford.
Charles Howard 1st Earl Carlisle [aged 32] was created 1st Earl Carlisle.
Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles [aged 61] was created 1st Baron Holles. Jane Shirley Baroness Holles by marriage Baroness Holles.
Frederick Cornwallis 1st Baron Cornwallis [aged 50] was created 1st Baron Cornwallis.
George Booth 1st Baron Delamer [aged 38] was created 1st Baron Delamer. Elizabeth Grey Baroness Delamer [aged 39] by marriage Baroness Delamer.
Horatio Townshend 1st Viscount Townsend [aged 30] was created 1st Baron Townshend of Lynn Regis in Norfolk.
Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl Shaftesbury [aged 39] was created 1st Baron Ashley of Wimborne St Giles.
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On 14th February 1663 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth 1st Duke Buccleuch [aged 13] was created 1st Duke Monmouth, 1st Earl Doncaster, 1st Baron Scott of Tynedale by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 32].
In 1664 Richard Boyle 2nd Earl Cork 1st Earl Burlington [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Burlington.
In 1664 William Craven 1st Earl Craven [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Craven in Yorkshire, 1st Viscount Craven of Uffington in Berkshire with a special remainder to his kinsmen Sir William Craven and Sir Anthony Craven.
On 17th March 1664 Charles Berkeley 1st Earl Falmouth [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Falmouth, 1st Baron Botetourt Langport in Somerset. Mary Bagot Countess Falmouth and Dorset [aged 19] by marriage Countess Falmouth.
On 18th March 1664 Robert Bruce 2nd Earl Elgin 1st Earl Ailesbury [aged 37] was created 1st Earl Ailesbury, 1st Viscount Bruce of Ampthill in Bedfordshire, 1st Baron Bruce of Skelton in Yorkshire. Diana Grey Countess Elgin and Ailesbury [aged 34] by marriage Countess Ailesbury.
In 1670 Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 29] was created 1st Duchess Cleveland, 1st Countess of Southampton and 1st Baroness Nonsuch by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 39] for having given birth to five of his illegitimate children.
In 1672 Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl Shaftesbury [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Shaftesbury. Margaret Spencer Countess Shaftesbury [aged 47] by marriage Countess Shaftesbury.
In 1672 Henry Howard 6th Duke of Norfolk [aged 43] was created 1st Earl Norwich.
On 22nd April 1672 Henry Bennet 1st Earl Arlington [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Arlington, 1st Viscount Thetford and 1st Baron Arlington of Arlington in Middlesex with a similar remainder, and in default of heirs of his body, to his brother Sir John Bennet [aged 55] and the heirs male of his body. Elisabeth Nassau Beverweert Countess Arlington [aged 38] by marriage Countess Arlington. See Viscountcies of England Created with a Special Remainder.
On 1st August 1672 Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Grafton [aged 8] and Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton [aged 4] were married. She the daughter of Henry Bennet 1st Earl Arlington [aged 54] and Elisabeth Nassau Beverweert Countess Arlington [aged 38]. He the illegitmate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 42] and Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland [aged 31]. They were half sixth cousins.
He was created 1st Earl Euston, 1st Viscount Ipswich, 1st Baron Sudbury. Isabella Bennet Duchess Grafton by marriage Countess Euston.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 19th August 1673 Louise Kéroualle 1st Duchess Portsmouth [aged 23] was created 1st Duchess Portsmouth, 1st Countess Fareham, 1st Baroness Petersfield by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 43] for life for being his mistress and for having given birth to his son Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 1].
In 1674 Edward Lee 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 10] was created 1st Earl Lichfield as a consequence of his being betrothed to Charlotte Fitzroy Countess Lichfield [aged 9], a natural daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 43].
In 1674 William Herbert 1st Marquess Powis [aged 48] was created 1st Earl Powis. Elizabeth Somerset Marchioness Powis [aged 39] by marriage Countess Powis.
On 25th June 1674 John Maitland 1st Duke Lauderdale [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Guildford, 1st Baron Petersham. Elizabeth Murray Duchess Lauderdale [aged 47] by marriage Countess Guildford.
On 27th June 1674 Thomas Osborne 1st Duke Leeds [aged 42] was created 1st Earl of Danby when he surrendered his Scottish Viscount Osborne to his third son Peregrine Osborne [aged 15]. He, Thomas, was on his mother's side a great-nephew of the previous Earl of Danby who was brother to Anne's mother Eleanor Danvers.
On 1st October 1674 George Fitzroy 1st Duke Northumberland [aged 8] was created 1st Earl of Northumberland, 1st Viscount Falmouth, 1st Baron Pontefract by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 44].
On 5th October 1674 Thomas Lennard 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 20] was created 1st Earl of Sussex. Anne Fitzroy Countess Sussex [aged 13] by marriage Countess of Sussex.
In 1675 Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 12] was created 1st Duke Southampton, 1st Earl Chichester, 1st Baron Newbury by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 44].
In 1675 Charles Sackville 6th Earl Dorset 1st Earl Middlesex [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Middlesex, 1st Baron Cranfield of Cranfield in Middlesex. His mother Frances Cranfield Countess Dorset [aged 53] was sister to the last Earl of Middlesex of the previous creation Lionel Cranfield 3rd Earl Middlesex whose estates he had inherited.
On 28th July 1675 Charles "Don Carlo" Fitzcharles 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 18] was created 1st Earl Plymouth, 1st Viscount Totnes, 1st Baron Dartmouth.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 9th August 1675 Charles Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 3] was created 1st Duke Richmond, 1st Earl March, 1st Baron Settrington by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 45].
In 1676 George Sondes 1st Earl Feversham [aged 76] was created 1st Earl Feversham.
On 21st December 1676 Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke St Albans [aged 6] was created 1st Earl Burford, 1st Baron Heddington by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 46].
In 1679 John Robartes 1st Earl Radnor [aged 73] was created 1st Earl Radnor, 1st Viscount Bodmin by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 48] in reward for having supported Charles' brother James II King England, Scotland and Ireland 1633-1701's future accession. Letitia Isabella Smythe Countess Radnor [aged 49] by marriage Countess Radnor.
In 1679 George Savile 1st Marquess Halifax [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Halifax. Gertrude Pierrepont Marchioness Halifax by marriage Countess Halifax.
In 1679 Robert Paston 1st Earl of Yarmouth [aged 47] was created 1st Earl of Yarmouth. Rebecca Clayton Countess Yarmouth [aged 44] by marriage Countess of Yarmouth.
On 23rd July 1679 Charles Gerard 1st Earl Macclesfield [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Macclesfield, 1st Viscount Brandon of Brandon in Suffolk.Jeanne de Civelle Countess Macclesfield by marriage Countess Macclesfield.
On 11th September 1679 George Berkeley 1st Earl Berkeley [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Berkeley, 1st Viscount Dursley. Elizabeth Massingberd Couness Berkeley by marriage Countess Berkeley.
On 3rd December 1679 Edward Conway 1st Earl Conway [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Conway. Elizabeth Booth Countess Conway by marriage Countess Conway.
In May 1681 Heneage Finch 1st Earl Nottingham [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Nottingham.
On 29th November 1682 Lawrence Hyde 1st Earl Rochester [aged 40] was created 1st Earl Rochester. Henrietta Boyle Countess Rochester [aged 36] by marriage Countess Rochester.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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On 30th November 1682 James Bertie 1st Earl of Abingdon [aged 29] was created 1st Earl Abingdon. Eleanor Lee Countess Abingdon by marriage Countess Abingdon.
On 1st December 1682 Edward Noel 1st Earl Gainsborough [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Gainsborough. Elizabeth Wriothesley Countess Gainsborough [aged 36] by marriage Countess Gainsborough.
On 5th December 1682 Conyers Darcy 1st Earl Holderness [aged 83] was created 1st Earl Holderness.
On 6th December 1682 Thomas Hickman Windsor 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Plymouth. Ursula Widdrington Countess Plymouth [aged 35] by marriage Countess Plymouth.
In 1686 Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore [aged 28] was created 1st Countess Dorchester for life by King James II of England Scotland and Ireland [aged 52] for services as his mistress. Her father Charles Sedley 5th Baronet [aged 46] quipped "As the king has made my daughter a countess, the least I can do, in common gratitude, is to assist in making his Majesty's daughter [aged 23] a queen".
On 7th March 1688 Francis Radclyffe 1st Earl Derwentwater [aged 63] was created 1stEarl Derwentwater.
In 5th October 1688 Mary Stafford Countess Stafford [aged 68] was created 1st Countess Stafford for life. Her former husband William Howard 1st Viscount Stafford had been executed in 1680.
On 9th April 1689 John Churchill 1st Duke of Marlborough [aged 38] was created 1st Earl of Marlborough.
On 9th April 1689 a number of new peers were created at the Coronation William III and Mary II...
Charles Paulet 1st Duke Bolton [aged 59] was created 1st Duke Bolton.
Charles Mordaunt 3rd Earl Peterborough 1st Earl Monmouth [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Monmouth. Carey Fraser Countess Peterborough and Monmouth [aged 29] by marriage Countess Monmouth.
Thomas Belasyse 1st Earl Fauconberg [aged 62] was created 1st Earl Fauconberg. Mary Cromwell Countess Fauconberg [aged 52] by marriage Countess Fauconberg.
William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland [aged 39] was created 1st Earl of Portland.
The London Gazette 2458. Whitehall, June 1 [1689].
His Majesty has been graciously pleased to Create the Right Honourable Arthur Herbert [aged 41] Esq; Admiral of Their Majesties Fleet, Earl of Torrington, and Baron Herbert of Torbay in the County of Devon. [The Barony of Herbert was possibly created with a special remainder to his brother Charles Herbert who predeceased him.]
On 15th April 1690 Richard Lumley [aged 40] was created Earl of Scarborough by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 39] in recognition of his support of the Glorious Revolution he having been one of the signatories of the Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven. Frances Jones [aged 23] by marriage Countess of Scarborough.
In 1694 Henry Sidney 1st Earl Romney [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Romney by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 43] in recognition of Henry Sidney 1st Earl Romney 1641-1704's support of the Glorious Revolution he having been one of the signatories of the Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven.
On 7th May 1697 Edward Russell 1st Earl Orford [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Orford by King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 46] in recognition of his support of the Glorious Revolution he having been one of the signatories of the Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven.
In October 1714 John Hervey 1st Earl Bristol [aged 49] was created 1st Earl Bristol for having supported the Glorious Revolution.
On 17th April 1690 Henry Booth 1st Earl Warrington [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Warrington for habing supported William of Orange, raising a regiment of Cheshire volunteers. Mary Langham Countess Warrington [aged 38] by marriage Countess Warrington.
On 11th May 1694 Francis Newport 1st Earl Bradford [aged 74] was created 1st Earl Bradford. Diana Russell Countess Bradford by marriage Countess Bradford.
On 11th June 1695 Ford Grey 1st Earl Tankerville [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Tankerville. Mary Berkeley Countess Tankerville by marriage Countess Tankerville.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1697 Edward Villiers 1st Earl Jersey [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Jersey probably as a consequence of his sister Barbara Villiers Viscountess Fitzhardinge [aged 43] being a mistress of King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland [aged 46]. Barbara Chiffinch Countess Jersey [aged 34] by marriage Countess Jersey.
In 1697 Thomas Coventry 1st Earl Coventry [aged 68] was created 1st Earl Coventry with a special remainder to issue of Walter Coventry brother to the 1st Baron Coventry. Elizabeth Grimes Countess Coventry [aged 27] by marriage Countess Coventry.
On 10th February 1697 Arnold Keppel 1st Earl Albermarle [aged 27] was created 1st Earl Albermarle.
In 1698 Henry Nassau 1st Earl Grantham [aged 25] was created 1st Earl Grantham. Henrietta Butler Countess Grantham by marriage Countess Grantham.
On 13th April 1703 David Colyear 1st Earl Portmore [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Portmore. Possibly for having married the King's former mistress Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore [aged 45]. Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore by marriage Countess Portmore.
In 1705 John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll [aged 24] was created 1st Earl of Greenwich, 1st Baron Chatham.
In 1706 John Paulett 1st Earl Paulett [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Poulett. Bridget Bertie Countess Paulett by marriage Countess Poulett.
In 1706 Hugh Cholmondeley 1st Earl Cholmondeley [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Cholmondeley in Cheshire, 1st Viscount Malpas in Cheshire.
In 1706 Thomas Wharton 1st Marquess Wharton [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Wharton. Lucy Loftus Marchioness Wharton [aged 36] by marriage Countess Wharton.
In December 1706 Sidney Godolphin 1st Earl Godolphin [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Godolphin, 1st Viscount Rialton.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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In 1711 Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Ferrers. Selina Finch Countess Ferrers [aged 29] by marriage Countess Ferrers.
In 1711 William Legge 1st Earl Dartmouth [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Dartmouth. Anne Finch Countess Dartmouth by marriage Countess Dartmouth.
On 23rd May 1711 Robert Harley 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer [aged 49] was created 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. Elizabeth Foley Countess of Oxford and Mortimer by marriage Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer.
On 29th June 1711 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Strafford.
In 1714 Charles Bennet 1st Earl Tankerville [aged 40] was created 1st Earl Tankerville. His late wife Mary Grey Baroness Ossulston having been the daughter of the first and only Earl Tankerville of the second creation Ford Grey 1st Earl Tankerville.
In 1714 Heneage Finch 1st Earl Aylesford [aged 65] was created 1st Earl Aylesford. Elizabeth Banks Countess Aylesford by marriage Countess Aylesford.
In 1714 Lewis Watson 1st Earl Rockingham [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Rockingham. Catherine Sondes Countess Rockingham [aged 55] by marriage Countess Rockingham.
On 1st August 1714 Charles Montagu 1st Earl Halifax [aged 53] was created 1st Earl Halifax.
On 19th October 1714 James Brydges 1st Duke Chandos [aged 41] was created 1st Earl Carnarvon, 1st Viscount Wilton. Cassandra Willoughby Duchess Chandos [aged 44] by marriage Countess Carnarvon.
On 19th October 1714, after the succession of King George I, Henry [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Uxbridge. Mary Catesby Countess Uxbridge by marriage Countess Uxbridge.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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On 19th October 1714 Thomas Pelham Holles 1st Duke Newcastle-under-Lyne [aged 21] was created 1st Earl Clare and 1st Viscount Haughton with a special remainder to his brother Henry Pelham [aged 20].
In 1715 George Montagu 1st Earl Halifax [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Halifax. Mary Lumley Countess Halifax [aged 24] by marriage Countess Halifax.
In 1715 Jane Granville Baroness Gower [aged 60] was created 1st Countess Granville.
In 1717 Talbot Yelverton 1st Earl of Sussex [aged 26] was created 1st Earl of Sussex.
On 18th March 1718 William Cowper 1st Earl Cowper [aged 53] was created 1st Earl Cowper for having suppressed the Jacobite rebellion of 1715. Mary Clavering Countess Cowper [aged 33] by marriage Countess Cowper.
On 14th April 1718 James Stanhope 1st Earl Stanhope [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Stanhope. Lucy Pitt Countess Stanhope [aged 26] by marriage Countess Stanhope.
On 8th May 1718 William Cadogan 1st Earl Cadogan [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Cadogan. Margaret Cecilia Munter Countess Cadogan by marriage Countess Cadogan.
On 19th March 1719 Melusine Schulenburg 1st Duchess Munster 1st Duchess Kendal [aged 51] was created 1st Duchess Kendal, 1st Countess Feversham, 1st Baroness Glastonbury.
On 30th April 1719 Thomas Coningsby 1st Earl Coningsby [aged 62] was created 1st Earl Coningsbury with a special remainder to the eldest daughter of his second marriage Margaret Coningsby 2nd Countess Coningsby [aged 10].
On 8th May 1719 Bennet Sherard 1st Earl Harborough [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Harborough.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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In 1720 James Saunderson 1st Earl Castleton [aged 53] was created 1st Earl Castleton.
In 1721 Thomas Parker 1st Earl Macclesfield [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Macclesfield.
On 27th December 1721 Thomas Fermor 1st Earl Pomfret [aged 23] was created 1st Earl Pomfret aka Pontefract. Henriette Louise Jeffreys Countess Pomfret [aged 23] by marriage Countess Pomfret aka Pontefract.
In 1725 John Bligh 1st Earl Darnley [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Darnley.
In 1729 James Waldegrave 1st Earl Waldegrave [aged 45] was created 1st Earl Waldegrave.
In 1730 Benjamin Mildmay 1st Earl Fitzwalter [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Fitzwalter, 1st Viscount Harwich Essex. Frederica Schomberg Countess Holderness and Fitzwalter [aged 43] by marriage Countess Fitzwalter.
In 1730 Spencer Compton 1st Earl Wilmington [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Wilmington, 1st Viscount Pevensey.
On 8th December 1731 Francis Howard 1st Earl of Effingham [aged 48] was created 1st Earl of Effingham by King George II of Great Britain and Ireland [aged 48].
On 6th November 1733 John Perceval 1st Earl Egmont [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Egmont. Catherine Parker Countess Egmont [aged 43] by marriage Countess Egmont.
In 1739 Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Bessborough.
In 1742 William Stanhope 1st Earl of Harrington [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Harrington, 1st Viscount Petersham.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 1742 William Pulteney 1st Earl Bath [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Bath. Anna Maria Gumley by marriage Countess Bath.
On 6th February 1742 Robert Walpole 1st Earl Orford [aged 65] was created 1st Earl Orford.
On 11th April 1743 or 11th October 1743 John Wallop 1st Earl Portsmouth [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Portsmouth. Elizabeth Griffin Countess Portsmouth [aged 51] by marriage Countess Portsmouth.
On 9th May 1744 Thomas William Coke 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 46] was created 1st Earl of Leicester. Margaret Tufton Countess Leicester [aged 43] by marriage Countess of Leicester.
In 1746 John Hobart 1st Earl Buckinghamshire [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Buckinghamshire. Elizabeth Bristow Countess Buckinghamshire by marriage Countess Buckinghamshire.
On 5th July 1746 Hugh Fortescue 1st Earl Clinton [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Clinton, 1st Baron Fortescue of Castle Hill.
On 7th July 1746 Francis Greville 1st Earl Brooke Warwick Castle 1st Earl Warwick [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Brooke Warwick Castle. Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Brooke Warwick Castle and Warwick [aged 26] by marriage Countess Brooke Warwick Castle.
On 8th July 1746 John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Gower. Mary Tufton Countess Gower by marriage Countess Gower.
On 6th September 1746 William Fitzwilliam 1st and 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam [aged 26] was created 1st Earl Fitzwilliam. Anne Watson Wentworth Countess Fitzwilliam by marriage Countess Fitzwilliam.
In 1748 Henry Herbert 1st Earl Powis [aged 44] was created 1st Earl Powis.
The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.
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In 1749 Simon Harcourt 1st Earl Harcourt [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt.
On 18th October 1749 Hester Temple 1st Countess Temple [aged 59] was created 1st Countess Temple. Richard Granville by marriage Earl Temple.
In August 1750 Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford [aged 32] was created 1st Earl Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp. Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford [aged 23] by marriage Countess Hertford.
On 8th April 1752 Francis North 1st Earl Guildford [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Guildford. Catherine Furnese Countess Guilford and Rockingham by marriage Countess Guildford.
In 1753 Charles Cornwallis 1st Earl Cornwallis [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Cornwallis. Elizabeth Townshend Countess Cornwallis by marriage Countess Cornwallis.
In 1754 Philip Yorke 1st Earl of Hardwicke [aged 63] was created 1st Earl Hardwicke, 1st Viscount Royston. Margaret Cocks Countess Hardwicke by marriage Countess Hardwicke.
In 1754 Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington [aged 49] was created 1st Earl Darlington, 1st Viscount Barnard. Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington [aged 56] by marriage Countess Darlington.
In 1756 Stephen Fox-Strangways 1st Earl of Ilchester [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Ilchester, 1st Baron Ilchester and Stavordale of Redlynch in Somerset, 1st Baron Strangways of Woodford in Dorset, 1st Baron Ilchester of Ilchester in Somerset. Elizabeth Strangways-Horner Countess Ilchester [aged 34] by marriage Countess Ilchester.
On 16th June 1756 Thomas Belasyse 1st Earl Fauconberg [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Fauconberg. Catherine Betham Countess Fauconberg by marriage Countess Fauconberg.
In 1759 Francis Greville 1st Earl Brooke Warwick Castle 1st Earl Warwick [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Warwick. Elizabeth Hamilton Countess Brooke Warwick Castle and Warwick [aged 39] by marriage Countess Warwick.
In 1761 John West 1st Earl De La Warr [aged 67] was created 1st Earl De La Warr, 1st Viscount Cantalupe.
On 29th March 1761 William Talbot 1st Earl Talbot [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Talbot. Mary Cardonnel Countess Talbot [aged 42] by marriage Countess Talbot.
In 1764 Robert Henley 1st Earl Northington [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Northington.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 19th November 1764 William Henry Hanover 1st Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh [aged 20] was created 1st Duke Gloucester and Edinburgh, 1st Earl Connaught.
In 1765 William Pleydell-Bouverie 1st Earl Radnor [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Radnor.
On 1st November 1765 John Spencer 1st Earl Spencer [aged 30] was created 1st Earl Spencer, 1st Viscount Althorp. Margaret Georgiana Poyntz Countess Spencer [aged 28] by marriage Countess Spencer, 1st Viscountess Althorp.
On 4th August 1766 William "The Elder" Pitt 1st Earl Chatham [aged 57] was created 1st Earl Chatham. Hester Granville Countess Chatham [aged 45] by marriage Countess Chatham.
On 6th September 1766 Jean Louis Ligonier 1st Earl Ligonier [aged 85] was created 1st Earl Ligonier and 1st Baron Ligonier.
In August 1772 Allen Bathurst 1st Earl Bathurst [aged 87] was created 1st Earl Bathurst of Bathurst in Sussex. Catherine Apsley Countess Bathurst Sussex by marriage Countess Bathurst of Bathurst in Sussex.
In 1776 William Murray 1st Earl Mansfield [aged 70] was created 1st Earl Mansfield in Nottinghamshire with a special remainder to Louisa Cathcart 2nd Countess Mansfield [aged 18] the second wife of his nephew David Murray [aged 48].
In June 1776 Thomas Brudenell 1st Earl Ailesbury [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Ailesbury. Anne Elizabeth Rawdon Countess Ailesbury [aged 23] by marriage Countess Ailesbury.
On 14th June 1776 Thomas Villiers 1st Earl Clarendon [aged 66] was created 1st Earl Clarendon. Charlotte Capell Countess Clarendon by marriage Countess Clarendon.
In 1784 Richard Grosvenor 1st Earl Grosvenor [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Grosvenor. Henrietta Vernon Countess Grosvenor [aged 48] by marriage Countess Grosvenor.
Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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In 1784 George Townshend 2nd Marquess Townshend [aged 30] was created 1st Earl of Leicester. Charlotte Mainwaring Ellerker Countess of Leicester [aged 12] by marriage Countess of Leicester.
In 1784 John Chetwynd-Talbot 1st Earl Talbot [aged 34] was created 1st Earl Talbot, 1st Viscount Ingestre. Charlotte Augusta Hill Countess Talbot by marriage Countess Talbot.
On 17th May 1784 George Neville 1st Earl Abergavenny [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Abergavenny, 1st Viscount Neville.
On 19th May 1784 Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Uxbridge. Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge [aged 42] by marriage Countess Uxbridge.
On 8th July 1784 Edward Hussey-Montagu 1st Earl Beaulieu [aged 63] was created 1st Earl Beaulieu.
On 13th May 1786 Charles Pratt 1st Earl Camden [aged 72] was created 1st Earl Camden, 1st Viscount Bayham of Bayham Abbey in Kent.
On 22nd July 1788 Richard Howe 1st Earl Howe [aged 62] was created 1st Earl Howe, 1st Baron Howe. The Baroney was created with a special remainder to his daughter Sophia Howe 2nd Baroness Howe.
The London Gazette 13123. Whitehall, August 18 [1789].
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of a Marquess of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honourable James Earl of Salisbury [aged 40], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of Marquess of Salisbury, in the County of Wilts. [Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 39] by marriage Marchioness Salisbury in Wiltshire.]
The King has also been pleased to grant the Dignity of a Marquess of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honourable Thomas Viscount Weymouth [aged 54], Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and the Heirs Male of his body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of Marquess of Bath, in the County of Somerset. [Elizabeth Bentinck Marchioness Bath [aged 54] by marriage Marchioness of Bath.]
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of an Earl of this Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honourable George Viscount Mount-Edgcumbe and Valletort [aged 69], and the Heirs Male of liis Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe. [Emma Gilbert Countess Mount Edgcumbe by marriage Countess of Mount Edgcumbe.]
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honourable Hugh Lord Fortescue [aged 36], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of 1stViscount Ebrington, of Ebrington in the County of Gloucester, and Earl Fortescue. [Hester Granville Countess Fortescue [aged 23] by marriage Countess Fortescue.]
In 1790 Henry Digby 1st Earl Digby [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Digby.
In 1790 Algernon Percy 1st Earl Beverley [aged 39] was created 1st Earl Beverley. Isabella Susan Burrell Countess Beverley [aged 39] by marriage Countess Beverley.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1792 William Murray 1st Earl Mansfield [aged 86] was created 1st Earl Mansfield in Middlesex with a special remainder to his nephew David Murray 2nd Earl Mansfield [aged 64]. There was no such place as Mansfield in Middlesex; it was invented to differentiate it from the earlier Mansfield in Nottinghamshire creation.
On 15th May 1792 Joseph Damer 1st Earl Dorchester [aged 74] was created 1st Earl Dorchester. His London townhouse Dorchester House Park Lane is named after his Earldom.
The London Gazette 13541. Whitehall, June 29 [1793]. The King has been. pleased, to grant the Dignity of an Earl and Marquess of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable Francis Seymour Conway [aged 74], Earl of Hertford, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully, begotten, by the Names, Stiles, and Titles of Earl of Yarmouth in the County of Norfolk, and Marquess of Hertford.
The King has also been, pleased to grant the Dignity of an Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable Henry Lord Porchester [aged 51], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully, begotten by the Name, Stile and Title of Earl of the Town And County of Carnarvon, in the Principality of Wales. [Elizabeth Alicia Maria Wyndham Countess Carnarvon [aged 40] by marriage Countess Carnarvon]
The King has been pleased to appoint George Poyntz Ricketts, Esq; to be Captain-General and Governor in Chief of the Island of Tobago.
The King has been pleased to approve of the Appointment of Lawrence Hansen, Esq; to be His Danish Majesty's Consul in the Town and Port of Liverpool, and in all other Ports in die County Palatine of Lancaster.
On 12th June 1795 John Fitzgibbon 1st Earl of de Clare [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Clare.
In 1796 Charles Jenkinson 1st Earl Liverpool [aged 66] was created 1st Earl Liverpool. Catherine Bishopp Countess Liverpool [aged 51] by marriage Countess Liverpool.
In 1796 George Grey 5th Earl Stamford 1st Earl Warrington [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Warrington, 1st Baron Delamer. Henrietta Bentinck Countess Stamford and Warrington [aged 58] by marriage Countess Warrington.
The London Gazette 13868. Whitehall, February 20 [1796]. The King has been pleased to grant thc Dignities of Viscount, Earl and Marquis of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable John Earl of Bute [aged 51], His Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Spain, and to the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Names, Stile and Titles of Viscount Mountjoy, of the Isle of Wight, Earl of Windsor, and Marquis of the Isle of Bute. [Charlotte Jane Windsor Marchioness Bute [aged 50] by marriage Marchioness of the Isle of Bute.]
The London Gazette 14012. Whitehall, May 27, 1797. The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Baron and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to Sir John Jervis [aged 62], KB Admiral of the Blue, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of Baron Jervis, of Medsord in the County of Stafford, and Earl of St Vincent.
The London Gazette 15317. Whitehall, December 9, 1800.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable Charles Sloane Lord Cadogan [aged 72], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Style, and Title of Viscount Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, and Earl Cadogan. [Mary Churchill Countess Cadogan [aged 42] by marriage Countess Cadogan.]
The King has also been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable James Lord Malmesbury [aged 54], Baron of Malmesbury, in the County of Wilts, Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Style, and Title of Viscount Fitz-Harris, of Hurn Court, in the County of Southampton, and Earl of Malmesbury. [Harriet Maria Amyand Countess Malmesbury [aged 39] by marriage Countess Malmesbury.]
The London Gazette 15375. Whitehall, June 15, 1801.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honorable William Lord Craven [aged 30], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Names, Stiles, and Titles of Viscount Uffington, in the County of Berks, and Earl of Craven in the County of York. [Louisa Brunton Countess Craven [aged 16] by marriage Countess Craven in Yorkshire].
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honourable George Lord Onslow [aged 69], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Names, Stiles, and Title of Viscount Cranley, of Cranley, in the County of Surrey, and Earl of Onslow, of Onslow, in the County of Salop. [Henrietta Shelley Countess Onslow [aged 70] by marriage Countess Onslow.]
The King has also been pleased to grant the said Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honorable Charles Lord Romney [aged 56], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stiles, and Titles of Viscount Marsham of the Mote, in the County of Kent, and 1st Earl of Romney.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Biitain and Ireland to the Right Honorable Thomas Lord Pelham [aged 73], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile, and Title of Earl of Chichester. [Anne Frankland Countess Chichester [aged 66] by marriage Countess Chichester.]
The King has likewise been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Grey de Wilton [aged 51], and the Heirs Male, of his body lawfully begotten, by the Names, Stiles and Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, and Earl of Wilton, of Wilton Castle, in the County of Hereford, with Remainders to Thomas Grosvenor, Esq; Second Son, Robert Grosvenor, Esq. Third Son of the Right Honourable Robert Grosvenor [aged 34], (commonly called Viscount Belgrave), by Eleanor [aged 30] his Wife, Daughter of the said Thomas Lord Grey de Wilton, and the Fourth, Fifth, Sixths Seventh, and every other Son and Sons, of the said Eleanor by her present or any future Husband, hereafter to be begotten severally and successively, and the respective Heirs Male of their Bodies lawfully begotten. [Eleanor Assheton Viscountess Wilton [aged 48] by marriage Countess Wilton.]
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On 26th October 1803 Henrietta Laura Johnstone aka Pulteney 1st Countess Bath [aged 36] was created 1st Countess Bath.
On 14th May 1804 Edward Clive 1st Earl Powis [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Powis. Henrietta Antonia Herbert 3rd Countess Powis [aged 45] by marriage Countess Powis.
The London Gazette 15859. Whitehall, November 9, 1805. His Majesty has been pleased to grant to the Reverend William Nelson [aged 48], D.D. now Lord Nelson, Brother and Heir to the late Lord Viscount Nelson [deceased], who, after a Series of transcendant and heroic Services, fell gloriously on the 21st of October last, in the Moment of brilliant and decisive Victory, the Dignity of a Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, by the Names, Stiles, and Titles, of Viscount Merton and Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar, and of Merton, in the County of Surrey, the same to descend to the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, aud in default thereof, to the Heirs Male successively of Susanne [aged 50], Wife of Thomas Bolton Esq; and Catherine, Wife of George Matcham Esq; Sisters of the late Lord Viscount Nelson. [See Viscountcies of England Created with a Special Remainder.] [Sarah Yonge Countess Nelson [aged 56] by marriage Countess Nelson of Trafalgar and Merson in Surrey].
His Majesty has also been pleased to grant the Dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Cuthbert Collingwood [aged 57] Esq; Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile, and Title of Baron Collingwood of Caldburne and Hethpoole in the County of Northumberland.
The London Gazette 15905. Whitehall, April 1, 1806.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland to the Right Honorable Charles Viscount Newark [aged 68], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile, and Title as Earl Manvers. [Anne Mills Countess Manvers [aged 59] by marriage Countess Manvers]
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honorable Horatio Baron Walpole [aged 82], and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile, and Title of Earl of Orford, in the County of Suffolk.
The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland to the Right Honorable Charles Lord Grey [aged 76], of Howick; Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and General of His Majesty's Forces, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Names, Stile, and Titles of Viscount Howick, in the County of Northumberland, and Earl Grey. [Note. Elizabeth Grey Countess Grey [aged 62] by marriage Countess Grey.]
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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In 1809 Dudley Ryder 1st Earl of Harrowby [aged 46] was created 1st Earl of Harrowby. Susanna Leveson-Gower Countess Harrowby Lincolnshire [aged 36] by marriage Countess of Harrowby.
In 1812 Charles Compton 1st Marquess Northampton [aged 51] was created 1st Marquess Northampton, 1st Earl Compton of Compton in Warwickshire, 1st Baron Wilmington of Wilmington in Sussex. Maria Smith Marchioness Northampton [aged 46] by marriage Marchioness Northampton.
In 1812 John Jeffreys Pratt 1st Marquess Camden [aged 53] was created 1st Marquess Camden, 1st Earl Brecknock. Frances Molesworth Marchioness Camden [aged 56] by marriage Marchioness Camden.
In 1812 Henry Phipps 1st Earl Mulgrave [aged 56] was created 1st Earl Mulgrave, 1st Viscount Normanby. Martha Sophia Thomson Maling Countess Mulgrave by marriage Countess Mulgrave.
On 7th September 1812 Edward Lascelles 1st Earl Harewood [aged 72] was created 1st Earl Harewood in Yorkshire, 1st Viscount Lascelles.
The London Gazette 17066. Whitehall, September 30, 1815.
His Royal, Highness the Prince Regent has been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the Dignities of Earl and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the Right Honourable George James Earl of Cholmondeley [aged 66], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Earl of Rocksavage, in the county palatine of Chester, and Marquess Cholmondeley. [Note. Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley [aged 54] by marriage Marchioness Cholmondeley.]
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable James Walter [aged 40], Viscount Grimston, of that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland, and Baron Verulam of Gorhambury, in the county of Hertford, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Grimston and Earl Verulam.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Baron and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Charles Viscount Whitworth [aged 63], Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, His Majesty's Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Baron Adbaston, in the county of Stafford, and Earl Whitworth.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Lord Brownlow [aged 36], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Alford, of Alford in the county of Lincoln, and Earl Brownlow.
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignity of Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Craggs Lord Eliot [aged 54], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl of Saint Germains, in the county of Cornwall.
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Lord Boringdon [aged 43], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stiles, and titles of Viscount Boringdon, of North Malton, in the County of Devon, and Earl Morley, of Morley in the said county.
His Royal Highness bas also been pleased, in the name and on behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Orlando Baron Bradford [aged 53], and the heirs mile of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Newport, in the county of Salop, and Earl of Bradford, in the said, county. [Note. Lucy Elizabeth Byng Countess Bradford [aged 48] by marriage Countess Bradford.]
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to grant the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable William Baron Beauchamp [aged 68], of Powyke, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Elmley, in the county of Worcester, and Earl of Beauchamp. [Catherine Denn Countess Beauchamp by marriage Countess Beauchamp.]
His Royal Highness has also been pleased, in the name and on behalf of His Majesty to grant the dignity of a Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable Alan Hyde Lord Gardner [aged 45], Vice-Admiral of the White Squadron of his Majesty's fleet, by the name, stile, and title of Viscount Gardner. [Note. He died before the patent had passed the Great Seal so the patent was null and void.]
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In 1816 Amabel Yorke Countess Grey [aged 64] was created 1st Countess de Grey with a special remainder to her sister Mary Jemima Yorke Baroness Grantham [aged 59] and her sister's male heirs.
The London Gazette 17722. Whitehall, July 6, 1821. The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, for granting the dignities of a Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to John Baron Elton [aged 70], Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, and the heirs, male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Encombe of Encombe, in the county of Dorset, and Earl of Eldon, in the county palatine of Durham.
The London Gazette 17724. 9th July 1821. Whitehall. .
The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount, Earl, and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Charles Earl of Ailesbury [aged 48], Knight of the Most Ancient aud Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Savernake, of Savernake-Forest, in the county of Wilts, Earl Bruce, of Whorlton, in the county of York, and Marquess of Ailesbury, in the county of BucKingham
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Edward Viscount Falmouth [aged 34], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl of Falmouth, in the county of Cornwall. [Anne Frances Bankes Countess Falmouth [aged 31] by marriage Countess Falmouth.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Richard William Penn Viscount Curzon [aged 24], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl Howe. [Note. Harriet Georgiana Brudenell Countess Howe [aged 22] by marriage Countess Howe.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to John Sommers Baron Sommers [aged 61], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Eastnor, of Eastnor Castle, in the county of Hereford, and Earl Sommers.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to John Baron Rous [aged 71], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Dunwich and Earl of Stradbroke, in the county of Suffolk. [Charlotte Maria Whittaker Countess of Stradbroke [aged 52] by marriage Countess Stradbroke.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Richard Earl of Donoughmore [aged 65], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Viscount Hutchinson, of Knocklofty, in the county of Tipperary; with remainder, in default of such issue male, to the heirs male of the body of Christian Baroness Donoughmore, deceased (mother of the said Richard Earl of Donoughmore), by John Hely Hutchinson, Esq. also deceased.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting: the dignity ot a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to William Marquess of Lothian [aged 57], Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ker, of Kersheugh, in the county of Roxburgh.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Henry Marquess Conyngham [aged 54], Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Minster, of Minster-Abbey, in the county of Kent.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to James Earl of Ormonde and Ossory [aged 43], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ormonde, of Llanthony, in the county of Monmouth; with remainder, in default of such issue male, to his brother the Honourable Charles Howard Butler Clarke [aged 40], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten. [Note. Grace Louisa Staples Marchioness Ormonde by marriage Baroness Ormonde of Llanthony in Monmouthshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Francis Earl of Wemyss and March [aged 49], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Wemyss, of Wemyss, in the county of Fife.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Robert Earl of Roden [aged 32], Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Clanbrassill, of Hyde-Hall, in the county of Hertford, and Dundalk, in the county of Louth.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting, the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to George Earl of Kingston [aged 50], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Kingston, of Mitchelstown, in the county of Cork.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Thomas Earl of Longford [aged 47], Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Silchester, of Silchester, in the county of Southampton.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom ef Great Britain and Ireland, to James Murray [aged 39], Esq. (commonly called Lord James Murray), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten by the name, stile, and title of Baron Glenlyon of Glenlyon, in the county of Perth. [Note. Emily Frances Percy Baroness Goldolphin Helston [aged 33] by marriage Baroness Glenlyon of Glenlyon in Perthshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters:patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting1 the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable William Wellesley Pole [aged 58], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Maryborough, of Maryborough, in the Queen's-County.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Foster [aged 81], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Oriel, of Ferrard, in the county of Louth.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters;patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourtable Sir William Scott [aged 75], Knt and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Stowell, of Stowell Park, in the county of Gloucester
The King has also been pleased to direct letters matent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Sir Thomas Henry Liddell [aged 46], Bart, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ravensworth, of Ravenswortb-Castle, in the county-palatine of Durham, and of Eslington, in the county of Northumberland. [Note. Maria Susannah Simpson Baroness Calthorpe [aged 48] by marriage Baroness Ravensworth of Ravensworth Castle in County Durham.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity to a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Thomas Cholmondeley [aged 53], Esq. of Vale-Royal, in the county-palatine of Chester, and to the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Delamere, of Vale-Royal, in the said county. [Note. Henrietta Elizabeth Williams-Wynn Baroness Delamere [aged 50] by marriage Baroness Delamere of Vale Royal in Cheshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Cecil Weld Forester [aged 54], Esq. of Willey-Park, in the county of Salop, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Forester, of Willey-Park, in the said county. [Note. Katherine Mary Manners Baroness Forester by marriage Baroness Forester of Willey Park in Shropshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baroness of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Charlotte Mary Gertrude Strutt [aged 63] (commonly called Lady Charlotte Mary Gertrude Strutt), and the heirs male of her body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baroness Rayleigh, of Terling-place in the county of Essex.
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In 1822 Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos [aged 45] was created 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 1st Marquess of Chandos, 1st Earl Temple of Stowe. The latter title, Earl Temple of Stowe, was created with remainder to his granddaughter Anna Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville [aged 1]. Anne Elizabeth Brydges Duchess Buckingham and Chandos [aged 43] by marriage Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos.
In 1826 William Pitt Amherst 1st Earl Amherst [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Amherst. Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst [aged 64] by marriage Countess Amherst.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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The London Gazette 18259. Whitehall, June 13, 1826.
The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities, of Earl and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Frederick William [aged 56] Earl of Bristol, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles and titles of Earl Jermyn, of Horningsherth, in the county of Suffolk, and Marquess of Bristol.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the-Great Seal, granting the, dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto William Marquess of Thomond, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Tadcaster, of Tadcaster, in the county of York
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Ulick John [aged 23] Marquess of Clanricarde, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Somerhill, of Somerhill, in the county of Kent.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Jaines Earl of Balcarres, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Wigan, of Haigh-Hall, in the county palatine of Lancaster,
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Thomas Viscount Northland, and the heir's male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Ranfurly, of Ramphorlie, in the county of Renfrew.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron ot the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto the Right Honourable Sir Charles Long, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Farnborough, of Bromley-Hill-Place, in the county of Kent.
The King has also Seen pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Sir John Fleming Leicester, Baronet, Colonel of His Majesty's Regiment of Cheshire Yeomanry, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and, stile of Baron De Tabley, of Tabley-House, in the county palatine of Chester.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto James Archibald Stuart Wortley Mackenzie [aged 49], of Wortley-Hall, in the county of York, and of Belmont-Castle, in the county of Perth, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Wharncliffe, of Wortley, in the said county of York. [Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton Baroness Wharncliffe [aged 48] by marriage Baroness Wharncliffe of Wortley in Yorkshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Charles Duncombe [aged 61], Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Feversham, of Duncombe-Park, in the county of York. [. Charlotte Legge Baroness Feversham Duncombe Park [aged 51] by marriage Baroness Feversham of Duncombe Park in Yorkshire.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto Chharles Rose-Ellis, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Seaford, of Seafod, in the county of Sussex.
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In 1827 John Ward 1st Earl of Dudley [aged 45] was created 1st Earl of Dudley of Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.
In 1831 George Augustus Henry Cavendish 1st Earl Burlington [aged 76] was created 1st Earl Burlington.
On 8th September 1831 King William IV of the United Kingdom [aged 66] was crowned IV King Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].
Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham [aged 63] attended as Deputy Earl Marshal as a result of Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard being ill.
Thomas William Anson 1st Earl Lichfield [aged 35] was created 1st Earl Lichfield. Louisa Barbara Catherine Phillips Countess Lichfield [aged 31] by marriage Countess Lichfield.
In 1833 Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl Ripon [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Ripon.
In 1833 John "Radical Jack" Lambton 1st Earl Durham [aged 40] was created 1st Earl Durham. Louisa Elizabeth Grey Countess Durham [aged 35] by marriage Countess Durham.
On 10th May 1833 Granville Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Granville [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Granville. Harriet Cavendish Countess Granville [aged 47] by marriage Countess Granville.
In 1837 Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham [aged 69] was created 1st Earl of Effingham. Charlotte Primrose Countess Effingham [aged 61] by marriage Countess of Effingham.
In 1837 Thomas Coke 1st Earl of Leicester [aged 82] was created 1st Earl of Leicester. Anne Amelia Keppel Countess Leicester [aged 34] by marriage Countess of Leicester.
On 28th January 1837 Thomas Reynolds-Moreton 1st Earl Ducie [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Ducie.
On 30th January 1837 Charles Anderson-Pelham 1st Earl Yarborough [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Yarborough.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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The London Gazette 19629. Whitehall, June 23, 1838. The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Constantine Henry Earl of Mulgrave [aged 41], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Marquess of Normanby, in the county of York. [Maria Liddell Marchioness Normanby [aged 40] by marriage Marchioness Normanby.]
The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the said United Kingdom, unto William Baron King [aged 33], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Ockham, of Ockham, in the county of Surrey, and Earl of Lovelace. [Augusta Ada Byron Countess Lovelace [aged 22] by marriage Countess Lovelace. She was a descendant of the previous Baron Lovelace of Hurley in Berkshire.]
The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of an Earl of the said United Kingdom, unto Laurence Baron Dundas [aged 72], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl of Zetland.
The London Gazette 19805. Whitehall, December 11, 1839.
The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Baron and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable George Lord Auckland [aged 55], G. C. B. and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Baron Eden, of Norwood, in the county of Surrey, and Earl of Auckland.
The Queen has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of' a Baron of the United Kingdom, of Great Britain and Ireland unto Lieutenant-General Sir John 'Keane [aged 58], GCB. and the heirs male of his body, lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Keane, of Ghuznee, in Afghanistan, and of Cappoquin, hi the county of Waterford.
In 1841 Colonel William Berkeley 1st Earl Fitzhardinge [aged 54] was created 1st Earl Fitzhardinge.
On 16th August 1841 Charles Noel 1st Earl Gainsborough [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Gainsborough. Frances Jocelyn Countess Gainsborough [aged 26] by marriage Countess Gainsborough.
The London Gazette 20618. Whitehall, June 27', 1846. The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Lord Francis Egerton [aged 46], and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten,by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Brackley, of Brackley, in the county of Northampton, and Earl of Ellesmere, of Ellesmere, in the county of Salop. [Harriet Greville Countess Ellesmere [aged 43] by marriage Countess Ellesmere.]
On 28th August 1847 John Byng Viscount Enfield [aged 75] was created 1st Earl Strafford, 1st Viscount Enfield of Enfield in Middlesex.
On 11th June 1850 Charles Christopher Pepys 1st Earl of Cottenham [aged 69] was created 1st Earl of Cottenham, 1st Viscount Crowhurst of Crowhurst in Surrey.
On 11th April 1857 Henry Richard Charles Wellesley 1st Earl Cowley [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Cowley, 1st Viscount Dangan of Meath.
In May 1859 Charles Canning 1st Earl Canning [aged 46] was created 1st Earl Canning. Charlotte Stuart Countess Canning [aged 41] by marriage Countess Canning.
In 1860 William Ward 1st Earl of Dudley [aged 42] was created 1st Earl of Dudley of Dudley Castle in Staffordshire. Georgina Moncrieffe Countess Dudley [aged 13] by marriage Countess of Dudley of Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.
In 1861 John Russell 1st Earl Russell [aged 68] was created 1st Earl Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset. Frances Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound Countess Russell [aged 45] by marriage Countess Russell of Kingston Russell in Dorset. They had four children.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In 1863 Edward Adolphus Seymour 12th Duke of Somerset [aged 58] was created 1st Earl St Maur of Berry Pomeroy in Devon. Jane Georgiana Sheridan Duchess Somerset [aged 53] by marriage Countess St Maur of Berry Pomeroy in Devon.
In 1868 William Duncombe 1st Earl Feversham [aged 38] was created 1st Earl Feversham. Mabel Violet Graham Countess Feversham [aged 34] by marriage Countess Feversham.
On 13th November 1871 Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava [aged 45] was created 1st Earl of Dufferin in County Down, 1st Viscount Dufferin of Claneboye in County Down.
In 1874 Henry Thomas Liddell 1st Earl Ravensworth [aged 76] was created 1st Earl Ravensworth.
The London Gazette 24071. Whitehall, February 28, 1874.
The Queen [aged 54] has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable John Robert, Viscount Sydney [aged 68], GCB, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Earl Sydney, of Scadbury, in the county of Kent. [Note. Emily Paget Countess Sydney [aged 63] by marriage Countess Sydney of Scadbury in Kent.]
The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of a Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Edward Cardwell, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Viscount Cardwell, of Ellerbeck, in the county palatine of Lancaster.
The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the undermentioned persons, and the respective heirs male of their bodies lawfully begotten:-
The Right Honourable Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue [aged 51], by the name, style, and title of Baron Carlingford, of Carlingford, in the county of Louth.
The Right Honourable Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle [aged 75], Baronet, by the name, style, and title of Baron Cottesloe, of Swanbourne, and of Hardwick, in the county of BucKingham. [Louisa Elizabeth Nugent Baroness Cottesloe [aged 71] by marriage Baroness Cottesloe of Swanbourne and Hardwick in BucKinghamshire]
The Right Honourable Edmund Hammond, by the name, style, and title of Baron Hammond, of Kirkella, in the town and county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull.
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On 14th January 1876...
William Neville 1st Marquess Abergavenny [aged 49] was created 1st Marquess Abergavenny, 1st Earl Lewes. Caroline Vanden Bempte Johnston Marchioness Abergavenny by marriage Marchioness Abergavenny.
Edward Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie 1st Earl Wharncliffe [aged 48] was created 1st Earl Wharncliffe. Susan Charlotte Lascelles Countess Wharncliffe [aged 42] by marriage Countess Wharncliffe.
John Ormsby-Gore 1st Baron Harlech [aged 59] was created 1st Baron Harlech with remainder to his brother William in the absence of male heirs.
Henry Gerard Sturt 1st Baron Alington [aged 50] was created 1st Baron Alington. Augusta Bingham Baroness Alington [aged 43] by marriage Baroness Alington.
On 10th June 1876 Thomas Baring 1st Earl Northbrook [aged 50] was created 1st Earl Northbrook.
On 3rd January 1877 John Freeman-Mitford 1st Earl Redesdale [aged 71] was created 1st Earl Redesdale in Northumberland.
In 1880 Edward Bootle Wibraham 1st Earl Lathom [aged 42] was created 1st Earl Lathom. Alice Villiers Countess Lathom [aged 39] by marriage Countess Lathom.
In 1880 Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton 1st Earl [aged 48] was created 1st Earl of Lytton in Derbyshire. Edith Villiers Countess Lytton [aged 38] by marriage Countess of Lytton in Derbyshire.
On 4th May 1880 George Milles 1st Earl Sondes [aged 55] was created 1st Earl Sondes, 1st Viscount Throwley.
The London Gazette 25183. Whitehall, December 29, 1882. The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal granting the dignities of a Viscount and an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Roundell, Lord Selborne [aged 70], Lord High Chancellor of that part of the said United Kingdom called Great Britain, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Viscount Wolmer, of Blackmoor, in the county of Southampton, and Earl of Selborne, in the said county. [Laura Waldegrave Countess Selborne [aged 61] by marriage Countess Selborne.]
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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The London Gazette 25486. Whitehall, July 2, 1885. The Queen [aged 66] has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of a Viscount and an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Sir Stafford Henry Northcote [aged 66], Bart, GCB, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Viscount Saint Gyres, of Newton Saint Gyres, in the county of Devon, and Earl of Iddesleigh, in the said county.
In 1886 John Wodehouse 1st Earl Kimberley [aged 59] was created 1st Earl Kimberley. Florence Fitzgibbon Countess Kimberley [aged 61] by marriage Countess Kimberley.
In 1887 William Henry Forester Denison 1st Earl Londesborough [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Londesborough in Yorkshire. Edith Somerset Countess Londesborough [aged 48] by marriage Countess Londesborough in Yorkshire.
On 17th November 1888 Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava [aged 62] was created 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, 1st Earl of Ava in County Down and Burma
In 1892 Gilbert Henry Heathcote Drummond Willoughby 1st Earl Ancaster [aged 61] was created 1st Earl Ancaster in Lincolnshire. Evelyn Elizabeth Gordon Countess Ancaster [aged 45] by marriage Countess Ancaster in Lincolnshire.
In 1895 Charles Robert Wynn-Carington 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire [aged 51] was created 1st Earl Carrington, 1st Viscount Wendover of Chepping Wycombe in Buckinghamshire.
On 17th June 1895 Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe Milnes 1st Marquess of Crewe [aged 37] was created 1st Earl of Crewe in Cheshire.
In 1897 Wilbraham Egerton 1st Earl Egerton [aged 64] was created 1st Earl Egerton. Alice Graham-Montgomery Duchess Buckingham and Chandos [aged 50] by marriage Countess Egerton.
In August 1901 Evelyn Baring 1st Earl Cromer [aged 60] was created 1st Earl Cromer. Katherine Georgina Louisa Thynne Countess Cromer [aged 36] by marriage Countess Cromer.
In 1905 Cecil George Savile Foljambe 1st Earl Liverpool [aged 58] was created 1st Earl Liverpool. Cecil George Savile Foljambe 1st Earl Liverpool by marriage Earl Liverpool.
In 1905 Robert George Windsor-Clive 1st Earl Plymouth [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Plymouth in Devon. Alberta Victoria Sarah Caroline Paget Countess Plymouth [aged 42] by marriage Countess Plymouth in Devon.
In 1911 Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl Rosebery 1st Earl Midlothian [aged 63] was created 1st Earl Midlothian, 1st Viscount Mentmore of Mentmore in Buckinghamshire, 1st Baron Epsom of Hyde in Surrey.
On 2nd November 1911 George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Kedleston [aged 52] was created 1st Earl Curzon of Kedleston, 1st Viscount Scarsdale of Scarsdale in Derbyshire, 1st Baron Ravensdale of Ravensdale in Derbyshire. The Viscountcy was created with remainder in default of heirs male to the heirs male of his father. The Barony was created with remainder in default of heirs male to his daughters. See Viscountcies of England Created with a Special Remainder.
On 22nd February 1915 Michael Edward Hicks-Beach 1st Earl St Aldwyn [aged 77] was created 1st Earl St Aldwyn of Coln St Aldwyn in Gloucestershire. Lucy Catherine Fortescue Countess St Aldwyn [aged 64] by marriage Countess St Aldwyn of Coln St Aldwyn in Gloucestershire.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In 1919 Edward Guiness 1st Earl Iveagh [aged 71] was created 1st Earl Iveagh.
The London Gazette 31712. Central Chancery Of The Orders Of Knighthood. St. James's Palace, S.W., 1st January, 1920
The King has been graciously pleased to signify His Majesty's intention of conferring Peerages of the United Kingdom on the following:
To be an Earl
The Right Honourable Sir William St. John Fremantle Brodrick [aged 63], Viscount Midleton, K.P.
To be Barons.
Sir Bertrand Edward Dawson, G.C.V.O., C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician-in-Ordinary to The King; Physician, London Hospital; Dean, Faculty of Medicine and Member of Senate, University of London; Chairman of Consultative Council, Ministry of Health; Public Services in connection with Health matters.
Sir George Allardice Riddell [aged 54], Bart., Vice-Chairman of Newspaper Proprietors' Association, Ltd.; In charge of all the British Press and Colonial Press throughout the Peace Conference in Paris; Public Services.
The Right Honourable Sir Albert Henry Stanley, M.P., late President of the Board of Trade
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On 8th November 1920 Sydney Charles Buxton 1st Earl Buxton [aged 67] was created 1st Earl Buxton.
The London Gazette 32776. Whitehall, December 9, 1922. Letters Patent have passed the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland creating the undermentioned Earldoms, Viscountcies and Baronies:
The Right Honourable Frederick Edwin [aged 50], Viscount Birkenhead, to be Viscount Furneaux, of Charlton, in the County of Northampton, and Earl Of Birkenhead. [Margaret Eleanor Furneaux Countess of Birkenhead [aged 44] by marriage Countess Birkenhead.]
The Right Honourable Horace Brand [aged 78], Viscount Farquhar, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., late Lord Steward of the Household, to be Earl Farquhar.
The Right Honourable Arthur Hamilton, Baron Lee of Fareham, G.B.E., K.C.B., to be Viscount Lee of Fareham, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset.
William Hesketh [aged 71], Baron Leverhulme, to be Viscount Leverhulme, of The Western Isles, in the Counties of Inverness and Ross and Cromarty.
The Right Honourable Francis Bingham Mildmay to be Baron Mildmay Of Flete, of Totnes, in the County of Devon.
The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Paton Maclay, Baronet, to be Baron Maclay, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark.
The Right Honourable Sir Edward Alfred Goulding, Baronet, to be Baron Wargrave, of Wargrave Hall, in the County of Berks. Sir John Henry Bethell, Baronet, to be BARON BETHELL, of Romford, in the County of Essex.
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In January 1925 Herbert Henry Asquith 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith [aged 72] was created 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith.
On 8th June 1937 Stanley Baldwin 1st Earl Baldwin [aged 69] was created 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley in Shropshire. Lucy Ridsdale Countess Baldwin [aged 67] by marriage Countess Baldwin of Bewdley in Shropshire.
In May 1944 Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 1st Earl Halifax [aged 63] was created 1st Earl Halifax. Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Onslow Countess Halifax [aged 59] by marriage Countess Halifax.
On 28th October 1947 Louis Mountbatten 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma [aged 47] was created 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma with a special remainder to his daughters and their heirs male. Edwina Ashley Countess Mountbatten Burma [aged 45] by marriage Countess Mountbatten of Burma.
The London Gazette 42411. Whitehall, London S.W.1. 14th July 1961.
The Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the. Great Seal of the Realm, bearing date the 12th July, to confer the dignities of a Viscounty and an Earldom of the United Kingdom upon The Right Honourable Sir Robert Anthony Eden [aged 64], KG, MC, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles and titles of Viscount Eden, of Royal Leamington Spa in the County of Warwick, and Earl of Avon.
On 6th October 1961 Antony Armstrong-Jones 1st Earl of Snowdon [aged 31] was created 1st Earl Snowdon, 1st Viscount Linley.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
Available at Amazon in eBook and Paperback format.
On 10th February 1984 Harold Macmillan 1st Earl Stockton [aged 90] was created 1st Earl of Stockton, 1st Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden, of Chelwood Gate in East Sussex and of Stockton-on-Tees in Cleveland.