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Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbroke
Baker was a secular clerk from Swinbroke, now Swinbrook, an Oxfordshire village two miles east of Burford. His Chronicle describes the events of the period 1303-1356: Gaveston, Bannockburn, Boroughbridge, the murder of King Edward II, the Scottish Wars, Sluys, Crécy, the Black Death, Winchelsea and Poitiers. To quote Herbert Bruce 'it possesses a vigorous and characteristic style, and its value for particular events between 1303 and 1356 has been recognised by its editor and by subsequent writers'. The book provides remarkable detail about the events it describes. Baker's text has been augmented with hundreds of notes, including extracts from other contemporary chronicles, such as the Annales Londonienses, Annales Paulini, Murimuth, Lanercost, Avesbury, Guisborough and Froissart to enrich the reader's understanding. The translation takes as its source the 'Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke' published in 1889, edited by Edward Maunde Thompson.
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Paternal Family Tree: Bourchier
Maternal Family Tree: Aoife ni Diarmait Macmurrough Countess Pembroke and Buckingham 1145-1188
Around 1390 Thomas Stafford 3rd Earl Stafford (age 22) and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 7) were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She would, eight years later marry his younger brother Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford (age 11); an example of a Married to Two Siblings. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 34) and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 24). He the son of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford (age 56). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 28th June 1398 Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford (age 20) and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 15) were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She had, around eight years previously, married his brother Thomas Stafford 3rd Earl Stafford who had died in 1392; an example of Married to Two Siblings. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 32). He the son of Hugh Stafford 2nd Earl Stafford and Philippa Beauchamp Countess Stafford (age 64). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1404 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex was born to [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 30) and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 21). He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.
In 1405 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 31) and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 22) were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester and [his grandmother] Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester.
On 18th February 1413 Thomas Grey of Heton (age 9) and [his future wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 4) were married. She the daughter of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 27) and Anne Mortimer. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward I of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In 1415 [his brother-in-law] Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl March 7th Earl of Ulster (age 23) and [his half-sister] Anne Stafford Duchess Exeter were married. She by marriage Countess March, Countess of Ulster. She the daughter of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 32). He the son of Roger Mortimer 4th Earl March 3rd Earl of Ulster and Eleanor Holland Countess March and Ulster. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
25th October 1415At the Battle of Agincourt the English included: Louis Robbessart (age 25), Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 33), William Botreaux 3rd Baron Botreaux (age 26), [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 41), Thomas Rokeby (age 35), John Cornwall 1st Baron Fanhope 1st Baron Milbroke (age 51), Edward Courtenay (age 30), Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell (age 12), Thomas Dutton (age 19), Edmund Ferrers 6th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 29), Roger Fiennes (age 31), Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh (age 57), John Grey (age 28), John Grey 1st Earl Tankerville (age 31), William Harrington (age 42) as the King's Standard Bearer, Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 37), Piers Legh (age 26) (wounded), Alfred Longford, Thomas Montagu 1st Count Perche 4th Earl Salisbury (age 27), Thomas Morley 6th Baron Marshal 5th Baron Morley (age 22), John Rodney, Richard Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 22), Robert Strelley (age 18), James Tuchet 5th Baron Audley, 2nd Baron Tuchet (age 17), Robert Umfraville (age 52), Thomas West 2nd Baron West (age 35), Robert Willoughby 6th Baron Willoughby (age 30). Thomas Erpingham (age 60) commanded the archers. Thomas Rempston (age 26) was present. Thomas Strickland (age 48) carried the Banner of St George.
Thomas Tunstall (age 57) was killed.
The Welsh included: William ap Thomas "Blue Knight of Gwent" Herbert (age 35), Walter Sais (age 95), Roger Vaughan (age 70) and his son Roger Vaughan (age 5). Owen Tudor (age 15) is believed to have been present as a squire.
In 1419 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 45) was created 1st Count Eu. [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 36) by marriage Countess Eu.
Abbot John Whethamstede’s Chronicle of the Abbey of St Albans
Abbot John Whethamstede's Register aka Chronicle of his second term at the Abbey of St Albans, 1451-1461, is a remarkable text that describes his first-hand experience of the beginning of the Wars of the Roses including the First and Second Battles of St Albans, 1455 and 1461, respectively, their cause, and their consequences, not least on the Abbey itself. His text also includes Loveday, Blore Heath, Northampton, the Act of Accord, Wakefield, and Towton, and ends with the Coronation of King Edward IV. In addition to the events of the Wars of the Roses, Abbot John, or his scribes who wrote the Chronicle, include details in the life of the Abbey such as charters, letters, land exchanges, visits by legates, and disputes, which provide a rich insight into the day-to-day life of the Abbey, and the challenges faced by its Abbot.
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In 1419 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 45) was appointed Captain Dieppe.
On 28th May 1420 [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu (age 46) died at Troyes, France [Map]. He was buried at Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map]. His son Henry (age 16) succeeded 2nd Count Eu.
Before 18th October 1424 [his half-brother] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford (age 22) and [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham (age 16) were married. She by marriage Countess Stafford. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 60) and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 45). He the son of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 41). They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 25th April 1426 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 22) and Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Eu. She the daughter of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. He the son of William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 43). They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 6th March 1427 [his brother-in-law] John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter (age 31) and [his half-sister] Anne Stafford Duchess Exeter were married. She by marriage Duchess Exeter. She the daughter of Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 44). He the son of John Holland 1st Duke Exeter and Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
In October 1429 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 18) and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 14) were married. She by marriage Duchess York. She was the youngest sister of Richard's brother-in-arms Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 29). She the daughter of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland and Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmoreland (age 50). He the son of Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. They were second cousins. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Around 1430 [his son] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier was born to Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 26) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 21). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.98%. He married on or before 15th August 1467 Anne Woodville Viscountess Bourchier, daughter of Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford, and had issue.
In 1431 [his son] Humphrey Bourchier 1st Baron Cromwell was born to Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 27) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 22). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.98%. He married before 2nd March 1456 Joan Stanhope.
On 20th September 1432 [his half-sister] Anne Stafford Duchess Exeter died.
Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
A canon regular of the Augustinian Guisborough Priory, Yorkshire, formerly known as The Chronicle of Walter of Hemingburgh, describes the period from 1066 to 1346. Before 1274 the Chronicle is based on other works. Thereafter, the Chronicle is original, and a remarkable source for the events of the time. This book provides a translation of the Chronicle from that date. The Latin source for our translation is the 1849 work edited by Hans Claude Hamilton. Hamilton, in his preface, says: 'In the present work we behold perhaps one of the finest samples of our early chronicles, both as regards the value of the events recorded, and the correctness with which they are detailed; Nor will the pleasing style of composition be lightly passed over by those capable of seeing reflected from it the tokens of a vigorous and cultivated mind, and a favourable specimen of the learning and taste of the age in which it was framed.'
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In 1433 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 21) was appointed 148th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 11).
On 1st July 1433 Elizabeth Bourchier 4th Baroness Bourchier Baroness Stafford (age 34) died. Her second cousin Henry (age 29) succeeded 5th Baron Bourchier. [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 24) by marriage Baroness Bourchier.
In 1434 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 16) was appointed Chancellor University of Oxford.
On 15th May 1434 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 16) was appointed Bishop of Worcester.
Around 1438 [his son] John Bourchier 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby was born to Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 34) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 29). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.98%. He married (1) before 2nd May 1462 his third cousin once removed Elizabeth Ferrers 6th Baroness Ferrers Groby, daughter of Henry Ferrers and Isabel Mowbray Baroness Berkeley (2) before 6th July 1490 Elizabeth Chichele.
In 1438 [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford (age 55) died. She was buried at Llanthony Secunda Priory, Gloucestershire [Map].
In 1440 [his daughter] Laura Bourchier Countess Devon was born to Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 36) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 31). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.98%. She married before 2nd February 1461 her second cousin once removed John Courtenay 7th or 15th Earl Devon, son of Thomas Courtenay 5th or 13th Earl Devon and Margaret Beaufort Countess Devon.
Chronicle of Gregory. 16th May 1441. Ande the xvj day of May the [his brother-in-law] Duke of Yorke (age 29), the Erle of Oxynforde (age 33), the Erle of Ewe (age 37), the Erle of Ormounde (age 47), and Syr Richard Woodevyle (age 56), whythe many othyr knyghtys and squyers, toke the way towarde Fraunce, and they schippyd at Portysmouthe [Map].
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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After 10th October 1441 [his brother] John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners (age 25) and [his sister-in-law] Margery Berners Baroness Berners (age 32) were married. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
In 1443 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 39) was created 1st Viscount Bourchier. [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 34) by marriage Viscountess Bourchier.
In 1443 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 25) was appointed Bishop of Ely.
In September 1444 [his half-brother] Humphrey Stafford 6th Earl Stafford (age 42) was created 1st Duke of Buckingham by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 22) in reward for many years of loyal and continuous service to the Crown. [his sister-in-law] Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham (age 36) by marriage Duchess of Buckingham.
Before 18th October 1444 [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 29) and [his sister] Eleanor Bourchier Duchess Norfolk (age 27) were married. She by marriage Duchess Norfolk. She the daughter of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford. He the son of John Mowbray 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Katherine Neville Duchess Norfolk (age 44). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
Before 25th October 1445 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin (age 29) and [his sister-in-law] Thomasine Hankford 9th Baroness Fitzwarin (age 22) were married. He by marriage Baron Fitzwarin. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
On 23rd February 1447 Humphrey Lancaster 1st Duke Gloucester (age 56) died at Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk [Map]. He was possibly poisoned although more likely he died from a stroke. Duke Gloucester, Earl Pembroke extinct. His death left England with no heir to the throne in a direct line. [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 35) became heir presumptive until the birth of Edward of Westminster Prince of Wales six years later.
On 30th July 1447 [his brother-in-law] Richard Duke of York (age 35) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. An attempt by the Council to isolate Richard.
In 1452 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 48) was appointed 171st Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 30).
On 27th March 1454 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 42) was appointed Lord Protector. Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 54) was appointed Lord Chancellor.
Jean de Waurin's Chronicle of England Volume 6 Books 3-6: The Wars of the Roses
Jean de Waurin was a French Chronicler, from the Artois region, who was born around 1400, and died around 1474. Waurin’s Chronicle of England, Volume 6, covering the period 1450 to 1471, from which we have selected and translated Chapters relating to the Wars of the Roses, provides a vivid, original, contemporary description of key events some of which he witnessed first-hand, some of which he was told by the key people involved with whom Waurin had a personal relationship.
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In April 1454 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 36) was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
In 1455 [his brother] John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners (age 39) was created 1st Baron Berners. [his sister-in-law] Margery Berners Baroness Berners (age 46) by marriage Baroness Berners.
In March 1455 [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 37) was appointed Lord Chancellor.
On 22nd May 1455 the Wars of the Roses commenced with the First Battle of St Albans. [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 43) commanded with Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 26), Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 55), Edward Brooke 6th Baron Cobham (age 40) and Walter Strickland (age 44).
The Lancastrians...
Edmund Beaufort 1st or 2nd Duke of Somerset (age 49) was killed. His son Henry (age 19) succeeded 2nd Duke Somerset, 2nd Marquess Dorset, 5th Earl Somerset, 2nd Earl Dorset. Note his father is frequently incorrectly referred to as the second Duke and Henry as the third Duke. His father's Dukedom, however, was a new creation.
Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland (age 62) was killed. His son Henry (age 33) succeeded 3rd Earl of Northumberland, 6th Baron Percy of Alnwick, 14th Baron Percy of Topcliffe. Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland (age 33) by marriage Countess of Northumberland.
Thomas Clifford 8th Baron Clifford (age 41) was killed. His son John (age 20) succeeded 9th Baron de Clifford, 9th Lord Skipton. Margaret Bromflete Baroness Clifford (age 21) by marriage Baroness de Clifford.
William Cotton (age 45) and Richard Fortescue (age 41) were killed.
[his half-brother] Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke of Buckingham (age 52) was wounded and captured.
King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 33), John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 54) and Edmund Sutton (age 30) were captured.
Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset was wounded. James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde (age 34) and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 55) fought.
Richard Cotton of Hampstall Ridware (age 51) and his son William Cotton of Connington in Huntingdonshire (age 27) were killed.
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After 25th May 1455 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 43) was appointed Constable of England.
On 29th May 1455 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 51) was appointed Lord Treasurer.
In November 1455 [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 44) was appointed Lord Protector.
Before 2nd March 1456 [his son] Humphrey Bourchier 1st Baron Cromwell (age 25) and [his daughter-in-law] Joan Stanhope were married. He the son of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 52) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 47).
On 25th April 1457 John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 26) and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe (age 16) were married by [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 39) at Canterbury Cathedral [Map]. She the heir of her father Edmund Ingaldsthorpe who had died the previous year. Eight manors were settled on them in jointure. He the son of Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 57) and Alice Montagu 5th Countess of Salisbury (age 50). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1460 a petition noted "The Nevilles state that Isabel was found to be Ingoldisthorpe's daughter and heir. When they requested livery of the estates from the chancellor in Chancery, he refused on the grounds that the king had granted the marriage and wardship to the queen (age 29). The Nevilles disputed this as Isabel was 14, and not a minor at common law. John Neville made recognizances in £1,000 to the queen on the understanding that if it was found that such a grant to the queen was not available, then she would not take any money from Neville. The Nevilles are unable to have a day in their law, and the queen has still levied part of the £1,000, and they are forced to sue a special livery at great expense. They request that the recognizances by annulled, and that women of the age of 14 when their ancestors die should have no problem of obtaining livery of their lands and tenements." See National Archives UK John Nevyll (Neville), knight; Isabel Neville, wife of John Neville, knight. SC 8/28/1398 1460.
In 1459 [his brother] John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners (age 43) was appointed 179th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 37).
On 25th October 1460 Parliament enacted the Act of Accord by which [his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 49) was declared heir to King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 38) disinheriting Edward of Westminster (age 7). At the same Parliament on 31st October 1460 Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York was created Prince of Wales, 1st Duke of Cornwall. He was also appointed Lord Protector.
On 30th December 1460 the Lancastrian army took their revenge for the defeats of the First Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Northampton at the Battle of Wakefield near Sandal Castle [Map]. The Lancastrian army was commanded by [his nephew] Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 30), Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 24) and Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 39), and included [his future son-in-law] John Courtenay 7th or 15th Earl Devon (age 25) and William Gascoigne XIII (age 30), both knighted, and James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde (age 40), John "Butcher" Clifford 9th Baron Clifford (age 25), John Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby (age 50), Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 33), Henry Roos and Thomas St Leger (age 20).
The Yorkist army was heavily defeated.
[his brother-in-law] Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 49) was killed. His son Edward (age 18) succeeded 4th Duke York, 7th Earl March, 9th Earl of Ulster, 3rd Earl Cambridge, 9th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore.
Thomas Neville (age 30), and [his son] Edward Bourchier were killed.
Father and son Thomas Harrington (age 60) and John Harrington (age 36) were killed, the former dying of his wounds the day after.
William Bonville 6th Baron Harington (age 18) was killed. His daughter Cecily succeeded 7th Baroness Harington.
Thomas Parr (age 53) fought in the Yorkist army.
Following the battle Richard Neville Earl Salisbury (age 60) was beheaded by Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland. William Bonville (age 40) was executed.
Edmund York 1st Earl of Rutland (age 17) was killed on Wakefield Bridge [Map] by John "Butcher" Clifford. Earl of Rutland extinct.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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In 1461 [his brother] John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners (age 45) was appointed Constable of Windsor Castle.
Before 2nd February 1461 [his son-in-law] John Courtenay 7th or 15th Earl Devon (age 26) and [his daughter] Laura Bourchier Countess Devon (age 21) were married. She the daughter of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 57) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 52). He the son of Thomas Courtenay 5th or 13th Earl Devon and Margaret Beaufort Countess Devon. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 17th February 1461 the Lancastrian army defeated the Yorkist army at Second Battle of St Albans and rescued King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 39). The Lancastrian army was commanded by [his nephew] Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 30) and included Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 39), [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 45), Henry Grey 4th or 7th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 26), Henry Roos and Richard Welles 7th Baron Welles, Baron Willoughby (age 33).
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley (age 33), William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme (age 46), John Talbot 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 12) and Thomas Tresham (age 41) were knighted.
The Yorkist army included Richard "Kingmaker" Neville Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury (age 32), William Fitzalan 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel (age 43), John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 61) and Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 57). John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 30) was captured. Robert Poynings (age 42) and James Luttrell (age 34) were killed.
John Grey (age 29) was killed fighting for Lancaster. A death that was to have far reaching consequences; his widow Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 24) subsequently married King Edward IV of England (age 18).
During the battle William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville (age 68) and Thomas Kyriell (age 65) were assigned to the protection of the King Henry VI. After the battle both were beheaded against all decent laws of battle.
William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville was beheaded. His great granddaughter Cecily succeeded 2nd Baroness Bonville.
Thomas Kyriell was beheaded.
William Cotton (age 21) was killed.
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Patent Rolls. 18th March 1461. Westminster Palace [Map]. Grant, during the King's pleasure, to the King's kinsman Henry, Viscount Bourchier (age 57), was appointed the office of treasurer of the Exchequer in the same manner as Walter Hungerford, knight, late treasurer.
On 29th March 1461 the Battle of Towton was a decisive victory for King Edward IV of England (age 18) bringing to an end the first war of the Wars of the Roses. Said to be the bloodiest battle on English soil 28000 were killed mainly during the rout that followed the battle.
The Yorkist army was commanded by King Edward IV of England with [his brother-in-law] John Mowbray 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 45), William Neville 1st Earl Kent (age 56), William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 30) (knighted), Walter Blount 1st Baron Mountjoy (age 45), Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 57), John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton (age 23) and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock (age 61).
The Lancastrian army suffered significant casualties including Richard Percy (age 35), Ralph Bigod Lord Morley (age 50), John Bigod (age 28), Robert Cromwell (age 71), Ralph Eure (age 49), John Neville 1st Baron Neville of Raby (age 51), John Beaumont (age 33), Thomas Dethick (age 61), Everard Simon Digby, William Plumpton (age 25) and William Welles (age 51) who were killed.
Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 39) was killed. Earl of Northumberland, Baron Percy of Alnwick, Baron Percy of Topcliffe forfeit.
Ralph Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 49) was killed. He was buried at the nearby Saxton church where his chest tomb is extant. Baron Dacre Gilsland extinct.
Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (age 55) was killed. His son Richard (age 33) succeeded 7th Baron Welles.
The Lancastrian army was commanded by Henry Beaufort 2nd or 3rd Duke of Somerset (age 25), [his nephew] Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 30), Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Andrew Trollope.
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter was attainted after the battle; Duke Exeter, Earl Huntingdon forfeit.
Those who fought for the Lancaster included William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme (age 46), William Plumpton, John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 60), William Norreys (age 20), Thomas Grey 1st Baron Grey of Richemont (age 43), Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1st Baron Moleyns (age 30), John Talbot 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 12), Richard Welles 7th Baron Welles, Baron Willoughby, Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers (age 56), James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire 5th Earl Ormonde (age 40), John Butler 6th Earl Ormonde (age 39), William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont (age 22), Henry Roos and Thomas Tresham (age 41). Cardinal John Morton (age 41) were captured.
John Heron of Ford Castle Northumberland (age 45), Robert Dethick (age 86), Andrew Trollope and his son David Trollope were killed.
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On 28th June 1461 King Edward IV of England (age 19) was crowned IV King of England. Duke York, Earl March, Earl of Ulster, Earl Cambridge, Baron Mortimer of Wigmore merged with the Crown. [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 43) was assisted by Archbishop William Booth (age 73) at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 31st October 1461 King Edward IV of England (age 19) created his brother Richard (age 9) 1st Duke Gloucester. Henry Bourchier (age 57) was created 1st Earl Essex. [his wife] Isabel of York (age 52) by marriage Countess Essex. William Neville (age 56) was created 1st Earl Kent. Joan Fauconberg (age 55) by marriage Countess Kent.
Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. [27th June 1461] As for alle thynges that folowe, referre them to my copey, in whyche is wretyn a remanente lyke to this forseyd werke: that is to wytt, that, at the coronacyone1 of the forseyde Edwarde, he create and made dukes his two brythir, the eldere George (age 11) Duke of Clarence, and his yongere brothir Richard (age 8) Duke of Gloucetre; and the Lord Montagu (age 30)2, the Earl of Warwick (age 32)'s brothere, the Earl of Northumberlonde; and one William Stafford squiere, Lord Stafforde of Southwyke; and Sere Herbard (age 38), Lorde Herbard, and after Lorde Earl of Penbroke3; and so the seide Lorde Stafforde (age 22) was made Earl of Devynschire4; the Lorde Gray Ryffyne (age 44), Earl of Kent6; the Lorde Bourchyer (age 57), Earl of Essex; the [his nephew] Lorde Jhon of Bokyngham (age 33), the Earl of Wyltschyre5; Sere Thomas [Walter] Blount (age 45)7, knyghte, Lord Mont[joy]; Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lorde Hawarde (age 36)8; William Hastynges (age 30) he made Lorde Hastynges and grete Chamberlayne; and the Lorde Ryvers; Denham squyere, Lorde Dynham; and worthy as is afore schewed; and othere of gentylmen and yomenne he made knyghtes and squyres, as they hade desserved.
Note. The Warkworth Chronicle, in Bernard's Catalogue of the Peterhouse manuscripts, taken from James's Eclogæ, is numbered - 230. It may be as well to observe that John Bagford mentions a contemporary Chronicle in English MS. of the events of the commencement of Edward's reign, in MS. Tann. Bodl. 453.
Note 1. At the coronacyone. King Edward was crowned in Westminster Abbey, on the 29th of June 1461. Warkworth's first passage is both imperfect and incorrect, and would form a very bad specimen of the value of the subsequent portions of his narrative; yet we find it transferred to the Chronicle of Stowe. It must, however, be regarded rather as a memorandum of the various creations to the peerage made during Edward's reign, than as a part of the chronicle. Not even the third peerage mentioned, the Earldom of Northumberland, was conferred at the Coronation, but by patent dated 27 May 1464: and the only two Earldoms bestowed in Edward's first year (and probably at the Coronation) were, the Earldom of Essex, conferred on Henry Viscount Bourchier, Earl of Eu in Normandy, who had married the King's aunt, the Princess Isabel of York; and the Earldom of Kent, conferred on William Neville, Lord Fauconberg, one of King Edward's generals at Towton. The former creation is mentioned by Warkworth lower down in his list; the latter is omitted altogether. - J.G.N.
Note 2. The Lord Montagu. And then Kyng Edward, concidering the greate feate doon by the said Lord Montagu, made hym Earl of Northumberlond; and in July next folowyng th'Earl of Warwyk, with th'ayde of the said Earl of Northumberland, gate agayn the castell of Bamborugh, wheryn was taken Sir Raaf Gray (age 29), which said Ser Raaf was after behedid and quartred at York. Also, in this yere, the first day of May, the Kyng wedded Dame Elizabeth Gray (age 24), late wif unto the lord Gray of Groby, and doughter to the Lord Ryvers." - The London Chronicle, MS. Cotton. Vitell. A. xvi. fol. 126, ro. The MS. of the London Chronicle, from which Sir Harris Nicolas printed his edition, does not contain this passage. It is almost unnecessary to remark the chronological incorrectness of the above, but it serves to show how carelessly these slight Chronicles were compiled. Cf. MS. Add. Mus. Brit. 6113, fol. 192, rº. and MS. Cotton. Otho, B. XIV. fol. 221, ro.
Note 3. Lord Earl of Pembroke. William Lord Herbert of Chepstow, the first of the long line of Herbert Earls of Pembroke, was so created the 27th May 1468. His decapitation by the Duke of Clarence at Northampton in 1469, is noticed by Warkworth in p. 7.-J.G.N.
Note 4. Earl of Devynschire. Humphery Stafford, created Baron Stafford of Southwick by patent 24th April 1464, was advanced to the Earldom of Devon 7th May 1469; but beheaded by the commons at Bridgwater before the close of the same year, as related by Warkworth, ubi supra. - J.G.N.
Note 5. Earl of Wyltschyre. John Stafford, created Earl of Wiltshire, 5th Jan. 1470; he died in 1473.—J.G.N.
Note 6."The Lorde Gray Ryffyne, Earl of Kent". The Earl of Kent, of the family of Neville, died without male issue, a few months after his elevation to that dignity; and it was conferred on the 30th May 1465, on Edmund Lord Grey de Ruthyn, on occasion of the Queen's coronation. He was cousin-german to Sir John Grey, of Groby, the Queen's first husband. On the same occasion the Queen's son Sir Thomas Grey (age 6) was created Marquess of Dorset; her father Richard Wydevile (age 56) lord Ryvers was advanced to the dignity of Earl Ryvers; and her brother Anthony (age 21) married to the heiress of Scales, in whose right he was summoned to Parliament as a Baron. - J.G.N.
Note 7.Sere Thomas Blount. This should be Walter, created Lord Montjoy 20th June 1465; he died in 1474.-J.G.N.
Note 8. Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lord Hawarde. John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk. This peerage dates its origin, by writ of summons to Parliament, during the short restoration of Henry VI. in 1470, a circumstance more remarkable as "evidence exists that he did not attach himself to the interest of that Prince, being constitued by Edward, in the same year, commander of his fleet." See Sir Harris Nicolas's memoir of this distinguished person (afterwards the first Duke of Norfolk) in Cartwright's History of the Rape of Bramber, p. 189.-J.G.N.
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Chronicle of Robert Fabyan [-1512]. 31st October 1461. And upon Alhaloen daye before passyd, ye kynge creatyd Richarde (age 9) his yonger brother, duke of Glowcetyr, ye lorde Bowchyer (age 57), erle of Essex, & the lord Fawcumbrydge (age 56)1, erle of Kent.
Note 1. Fabyan is her referring to William Neville, Baron Fauconberg jure uxoris, sometimes known as the Bastard of Fauconberg being an illegitmate son of Ralph Neville 1st Earl of Westmoreland.
In or before 1462 [his son] Henry Bourchier and [his daughter-in-law] Elizabeth Scales Countess Rivers were married. He the son of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 57) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 52). They were half fourth cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
In 1462 [his son] Henry Bourchier died.
Henrici Quinti, Angliæ Regis, Gesta, is a first-hand account of the Agincourt Campaign, and subsequent events to his death in 1422. The author of the first part was a Chaplain in King Henry's retinue who was present from King Henry's departure at Southampton in 1415, at the siege of Harfleur, the battle of Agincourt, and the celebrations on King Henry's return to London. The second part, by another writer, relates the events that took place including the negotiations at Troye, Henry's marriage and his death in 1422.
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Before 2nd May 1462 [his son] John Bourchier 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby (age 24) and [his daughter-in-law] Elizabeth Ferrers 6th Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 43) were married. He by marriage Baron Ferrers of Groby. He the son of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 58) and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 53). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.
On 26th May 1465 Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England (age 28) was crowned Queen Consort England by [his brother] Cardinal Thomas Bourchier (age 47) at Westminster Abbey [Map].
King Edward IV of England (age 23) attended.
John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne (age 23), Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers (age 25), Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers (age 12) and William Calthorpe (age 55) were created Knight of the Bath.
Elizabeth Tilney Countess of Surrey (age 21) carried her train.
Richard Choke (age 45) was created Knight of the Bath.
Patent Rolls. 24th September 1466. Licence for the king's sister Anne, duchess of Exeter (age 27), to grant the manors of Rachfonl, Lye, Pakeleshnm and Folncsse, co. Essex, Ardyngton, co. Berks, Barford St. Martin, co. Wilts, and Thorpwatcrvyle, Aldwynkle, Achirch, Chelveston and Cnldeote, co. Northampton, with all other lands, rents, reversions and services of her tenants in the towns and manors aforesaid, held in chief, to the king's kinsman [his brother] Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury (age 48), Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells (age 46), John, duke of Norfolk (age 41), John, duke of Suffolk (age 23), William, Earl of Arundel (age 48), Henry, Earl of Essex (age 62), Richard, earl Ryvers (age 61), Antony Widevill, lord of Scales and Newselles (age 26), John Say, knight, Thomas Colt, Thomas Decoue and Robert Isham, esquires, and their heirs and assigns. By K.
Grant to the said archbishop and others and their heirs and assigns of all the king's-estate and title in the manors of Wodham Ferreres and other lands in the same town, co. Essex, and the manors of Newebotell and Brynton and the advowson of the church there and other lands in the same town, co. Northampton, which the king holds in the title and possession of his consort Elizabeth, Queen of England, with advowsons, knights' fees, rents and services. By K.
On 29th May 1467 King Edward IV of England (age 25) and Antoine "Bastard of Burgundy" (age 46) met at Chelsea. William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings (age 36), Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 63), Henry Stafford 2nd Duke of Buckingham (age 12), Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers (age 27), James Douglas 9th Earl Douglas 3rd Earl Avondale (age 41) and Thomas Montgomery accompanied Edward.
On or before 15th August 1467 [his son] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier (age 37) and [his daughter-in-law] Anne Woodville Viscountess Bourchier (age 29) were married. An example of a Woodville marriage to a wealthy family which antagonised the nobility - see Woodville Marriages. William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier was heir to his father Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 63). She the daughter of Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers (age 62) and Jacquetta of Luxemburg Duchess Bedford (age 52). He the son of Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex and [his wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 58).
On 14th April 1471 Edward IV (age 28) commanded at the Battle of Barnet supported by his brothers George (age 21) and Richard (age 18), John Babington (age 48), Wiliam Hastings (age 40) (commanded), Ralph Hastings, William Norreys (age 30), William Parr (age 37), John Savage (age 49), [his son] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier (age 41), Thomas St Leger (age 31), John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley, 3rd Baron Tuchet (age 45), Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough (age 40), John Scott (age 48) and Thomas Strickland.
The Yorkists William Blount (age 29), [his nephew] Humphrey Bourchier (age 36), [his nephew] Henry Stafford (age 46) and Thomas Parr were killed.
[his son] Humphrey Bourchier 1st Baron Cromwell (age 40), was killed. Baron Cromwell extinct.
The Lancastrians...
Warwick the Kingmaker (age 42) was killed. Earl Salisbury, Baron Montagu, Baron Montagu and Baron Monthermer forfeit on the assumption he was attainted either before or after his death; the date of his attainder is unknown. If not attainted the titles may have been abeyant between his two daughters Isabel Neville Duchess Clarence (age 19) and Anne Neville Queen Consort England (age 14).
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 40) was killed. Marquess Montagu, Baron Montagu forfeit; unclear as to when he was attainted. He was buried at Bisham Abbey [Map].
William Tyrrell was killed.
William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele (age 43) was killed. His son Henry (age 25) succeeded 3rd Baron Saye and Sele. Anne Harcourt Baroness Saye and Sele by marriage Baroness Saye and Sele.
[his nephew] Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 40) commanded the left flank, was badly wounded and left for dead, Henry Stafford and John Paston (age 27) were wounded, John de Vere 13th Earl of Oxford (age 28) commanded, and John Paston (age 29) and William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont (age 33) fought.
Robert Harleston (age 36) was killed.
Thomas Hen Salusbury (age 62) was killed.
Thomas Tresham (age 51) escaped but was subsequently captured and executed on the 6th of May 1471.
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Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. 14th April 1471. But it happenede that he withe his oste were enterede into the toune of Barnet, before the Earl of Warwick (age 42) and his host. And so the Earl of Warwick and his host lay witheoute the towne alle nyght, and eche of them loosede gonnes at othere, alle the nyght. And on Ester day in the mornynge, the xiiij. day of Apryl, ryght erly, eche of them came uppone othere; and ther was suche a grete myste, that nether of them might see othere perfitely; ther they faughte, from iiij. of clokke in the mornynge unto x. of clokke the fore-none. And dyverse times the Earl of Warwick party hade the victory, and supposede that they hade wonne the felde. But it hapenede so, that the Earl of Oxenfordes men hade uppon them ther lordes lyvery, bothe before and behynde, which was a sterre withe stremys, wiche [was] myche lyke Kynge Edwardes lyvery, the sunne with stremys1; and the myste was so thycke, that a manne mighte not profytely juge one thynge from anothere; so the Earl of Warwikes menne schott and faughte ayens the Earl of Oxenfordes menne, wetynge and supposynge that they hade bene Kynge Edwardes menne; and anone the Earl of Oxenforde and his menne cryed " treasoune! treasoune! " and fledde awaye from the felde withe viij. c. menne. The Lorde Markes Montagu (age 40) was agreyde and apoyntede with Kynge Edwarde, and put uppone hym Kynge Edwardes lyvery; and a manne of the Earls of Warwick sawe that, and felle uppone him, and kyllede hym. And whenne the Earl of Warwick sawe his brothere dede, and the Earl of Oxenforde fledde, he lepte one horse-backe, and flede to a wode by the felde of Barnett, where was no waye forthe; and one of Kynge Edwardes menne hade espyede him, and one came uppone hym and kylled hym, and dispolede him nakede. And so Kynge Edwarde gate that felde.
And ther was slayne2 of the Earl of Warwicks party, the Earl hym self, Markes Montagu, Sere William Tyrelle, knyghte, and many other. The [his nephew] Duke of Excetre (age 40) faugth manly ther that day, and was gretely despolede and woundede, and lefte nakede for dede in the felde, and so lay ther from vij. of clokke tille iiij. after none; whiche was take up and brought to a house by a manne of his owne; and a leche brought to hym, and so afterwarde brought in to sancuarij at Westmynster.
And one Kynge Edwardes party was slayne the [his son] Lorde Crowmwelle (age 40), sonne and heyre to the Earl of Essex (age 67), [his brother] Lord Barnes (age 55) [his nephew] sonne and heyre (age 36)3, Lorde Say (age 43)4, and dyverse other, to the nombre (of bothe partys) iiij. Ml menne. And, after that the felde was don, Kynge Edwarde commaundyd bothe the Earl of Warwikes body and the Lord Markes body to be putt in a carte, and returned hym with alle his oste ageyne to Londone; and there commaundede the seide ij. bodyes to be layede in the chyrche of Paulis, one the pavement, that every manne mighte see them; and so they lay iij. or iiij. days, and afterwarde where buryede. And Kynge Herry, beynge in the forwarde durynge the bataylle, was not hurt; but he was broughte ageyne to the Toure of Londone, ther to be kept.
Note 1. The sunne with stremys. The crest of the Kynaston coat is supposed to have been assumed from this time, and in allusion to this event.
Note 2. And ther was slayne. A very comprehensive list is given in MS. Arundel, Mus. Brit. 28, fol. 25, vº. The brass matrix of the seal of the Earl of Warwick, taken from him when he was slain, is in the British Museum; an impression may be seen among the charters, xxxiv. 33.
Note 3. Lord Barnes sonne and heyre. Sir Humphrey Bourchier. His gravestone remains in Westminster Abbey, denuded of his figure in brass plate, but retaining an epitaph of fourteen Latin hexameters, commemorative of his prowess and the scene of his death. They commence:
Hic pugil ecce jacens, Bernett fera bella cupiscens, [Here lies a fighter, Bernett, desiring fierce wars]
Certat ut Eacides, &c. &c. [Striving like Achilles.]
See engravings in Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. II. pl. LXXXVI; Harding's Antiquities in Westminster Abbey, pl. VIII. It may be remarked that the word in the eighth line read parvulus by Gough, &c. is really pimulus, i. e. primulus, used instead of primus for the sake of the metre. - J.G.N.
Note 4. Lord Say. This nobleman [William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele] was formerly on the Lancastrian side, but received Edward's pardon on the 5th of May, 1462; Chart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. VIII. 13.
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English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century Appendix 13. On the 21st day of the same month of May [1471], King Edward (age 29) returned to the City of London in noble triumph, having Margaret (age 41), formerly queen, led before his army in a chariot. He rode through the middle of the city, with banners and standards unfurled, as though on a campaign or expedition undertaken against the aforementioned Kentish rebels. In his company at that time were: His brothers, the Dukes of Clarence (age 21) and Gloucester (age 18); the Dukes of Norfolk (age 46), Suffolk (age 28), and Buckingham (age 16); the Earls of Northumberland (age 22), Shrewsbury (age 22), Rivers (age 31), Essex (age 67), [his nephew] Wiltshire (age 43), and Pembroke (age 20). Among the barons and lords: Audley (age 45), Stanley (age 36), Grey of Ruthin (age 17), the son and heir of the Earl of Kent (age 54), Grey of Codnor (age 36), [his brother] Berners (age 55), Cromwell1, Dacre2, Hastings (age 59), Howard (age 28)3, Dynham (age 38), Cobham (age 23), Mautravers (age 21), the son and heir of Arundel (age 53), Bourchier, Dudley (age 70), Scrope (age 33), and Ferrers (age 16), along with many other nobles, knights, and esquires, and a greater number of mounted men than had ever been seen before.
Eodem mensis Maii die xxj rediit Rex Edwardus ad ciuitatem London, cum nobili triumpho, faciens secum adduci dictam Margaretam, olim reginam, in curru precedente exercitui. Et equitauit per medium ciuitatis, vexillis et standardis displicatis, tanquam in itinere et expedicione capta aduersus prefatos Kentenses, In cuius comitiva tune fuerunt duces de Clarence et Gloucester ipsius fratres; item duces de Northfolke et Southfolk, et de Bukyngham; item comites de Northumberland, de Shrovesbury, de Ryuers, de Essex, de Wyltshyre, de Pembroke; Barones, domini de Audeley, de Stanley, de Grey Ruthyn, films et heres de Comitis Cancie, de Grey Cotenor, de Barreners, de Cromwell, de Dacres, de Hastynges, de Howard, de Dynham, de Cobham, de Mautravers, filius et heres de Arundell, de Bourgcher, de Dudley, de Scrope, de Ferrers, cum aliis nobilibus, militibus et armigeris, ac multitudine equitum maiore quam ante sit visa.
Note 1. Unclear as to who this refers to since Ralph Cromwell 3rd Baron Cromwell died in 1456.
Note 2. Unclear as to who this refers to since Thomas Dacre 6th Baron Dacre Gilsland died in 1458, Ralph Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland died in 1461 and Humphrey Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland (age 47) was created Baron Dacre in either 1473 or 1482.
Note 3. We take this to refer to Thomas Howard 2nd Duke of Norfolk, son of John Howard 1st Duke of Norfolk, referring to his subsiduary title.
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In 1473 [his brother] Thomas Bourchier (age 55) was appointed Cardinal.
In or before 1474 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin (age 58) and [his former sister-in-law] Catherine Affeton were married. He the son of [his father] William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu and [his mother] Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford.
In 1474 [his brother] William Bourchier Baron Fitzwarin (age 58) died.
Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall
The Chronicle of Abbot Ralph of Coggeshall (Chronicon Anglicanum) is an indispensable medieval history that brings to life centuries of English and European affairs through the eyes of a learned Cistercian monk. Ralph of Coggeshall, abbot of the Abbey of Coggeshall in Essex in the early 13th century, continued and expanded his community’s chronicle, documenting events from the Norman Conquest of 1066 into the tumultuous reign of King Henry III. Blending eyewitness testimony, careful compilation, and the monastic commitment to record-keeping, this chronicle offers a rare narrative of political intrigue, royal power struggles, and social upheaval in England and beyond. Ralph’s work captures the reigns of pivotal figures such as Richard I and King John, providing invaluable insights into their characters, decisions, and the forces that shaped medieval rule. More than a simple annal, Chronicon Anglicanum conveys the texture of medieval life and governance, making it a rich source for scholars and readers fascinated by English history, monastic authorship, and the shaping of the medieval world.
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On 16th May 1474 [his brother] John Bourchier 1st Baron Berners (age 58) died. His grandson John (age 7) succeeded 2nd Baron Berners.
In November 1474 [his sister] Eleanor Bourchier Duchess Norfolk (age 57) died.
Patent Rolls. 15th February 1478. Charter to the king's nephew Edward Plantagenet (age 4), first-born son of the said duke (age 25), creating him earl of Salisbury, with remainder to the heirs of his body, and granting to him and his said heirs £20 yearly from the issues of the county of Wilts. Witnesses: Th. [his brother] cardinal archbishop of Canterbury (age 60), L. archbishop of York (age 58), Th. Bishop of Lincoln (age 54), the chancellor, J. Bishop of Rochester, keeper of the privy seal, Richard, duke of Gloucester, Henry, duke of Buckingham (age 23), Henry, Earl of Essex (age 74), treasurer of England, Anthony Earl of Ryvers (age 38), chief butler of England, and Thomas Stanley of Stanley (age 43), steward of the household, and William Hastynges of Hastynges (age 47), chamberlain of the household, knights. By p.s.
In 1480 [his son] William Bourchier Viscount Bourchier (age 50) died.
On 4th April 1483 Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex (age 79) died. He was buried firstly in Beeleigh Abbey [Map] and, thereafter, St Mary's Church, Little Easton [Map]. His grandson [his grandson] Henry succeeded 2nd Earl Essex, 3rd Count Eu, 2nd Viscount Bourchier, 6th Baron Bourchier.
On 2nd October 1484 [his former wife] Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 75) died. She was buried at Beeleigh Abbey [Map].
[his son] Henry Bourchier, [his daughter] Florence Bourchier, [his son] Thomas Bourchier, [his son] Edward Bourchier, [his son] Fulk Bourchier, [his son] Hugh Bourchier and [his daughter] Isabella Bourchier were born to Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex and Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex. A number are believed to have died young. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.98%.
Warkworth's Chronicle [1461-1474]. And the [his brother] Archebysschoppe of Cawnterbury, the Earl of Essex, the [his brother] Lorde Barnesse, and suche other as awyde Kynge Edwarde good wylle, as welle in Londone as in othere places, made as many menne as they mighte in strengthynge the seide Kynge Edwarde; so then he was a vij. Ml. menne, and ther they refresched welle them self alle that day, and good frydai. And upone Ester evyne, he and alle his oste went toward Barnett, and caryede Kynge Herry withe hym: for he hade understondyng that the Earl of Warwycke and the [his nephew] Duke of Excetre, the Lorde Markes Montagu, the Earl of Oxenforde, and many other knyghtes, squires, and comons, to the nombre of xx. Ml., were gaderide togedere to feghte ageyne Kynge Edwarde.
Kings Wessex: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 10 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 15 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 11 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 11 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Son of Charles "Charlemagne aka Great" King of the Franks King Lombardy Holy Roman Emperor
Kings France: Great x 12 Grand Son of Hugh I King of the Franks
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 15 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Bourchier 
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Bourchier 1st Baron Bourchier
Great x 3 Grandfather: Walter of Colchester
Great x 2 Grandmother: Helen of Colchester
GrandFather: William Bourchier
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Prayers Baroness Bourchier
Father: William Bourchier 1st Count of Eu
Great x 1 Grandfather: John Louvain
GrandMother: Eleanor Louvaine
Henry Bourchier 2nd Count of Eu 1st Earl Essex Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry III of England 
Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England 
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon 
Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon
Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 
2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip IV of France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 
4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandFather: Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John of Avesnes I Count Hainaut 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John of Avesnes II Count Hainaut II Count Holland 3 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainaut 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William of Avesnes I Count Hainaut III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainaut and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa of Hainaut Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Stephen I England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Philip III of France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainaut 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples
Mother: Anne of Gloucester Plantagenet Countess Eu and Stafford Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 3rd Earl Hereford 2nd Earl Essex 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford 3rd Earl Essex
Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Fiennes Countess Essex and Hereford 
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward I of England Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Princess Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Countess Essex, Hereford and Holland Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Humphrey Bohun 7th Earl Hereford 6th Earl Essex 2nd Earl of Northampton Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gunselin Badlesmere 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Fitzbernard
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Badlesmere Countess Northampton 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas de Clare 
4 x Great Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Clare Baroness Badlesmere 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Juliana Fitzgerald 
2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
GrandMother: Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel 
3 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Fitzalan 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel 4 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Alice Saluzzo Countess Arundel 
6 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Richard Fitzalan 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel 8th Earl of Surrey 5 x Great Grand Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Warenne
Great x 3 Grandmother: Alice Warenne Countess Arundel
Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Vere 
Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Fitzalan Countess Essex, Hereford and Northampton 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet 1st Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Lancaster Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Leicester 3rd Earl Lancaster Grand Son of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Countess Arundel and Surrey 
Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Patrick Chaworth 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Maud Chaworth
Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabella Beauchamp 